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1.
Effects of curcumin on mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases.
Bagheri, H, Ghasemi, F, Barreto, GE, Rafiee, R, Sathyapalan, T, Sahebkar, A
BioFactors (Oxford, England). 2020;(1):5-20
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) result from progressive deterioration of selectively susceptible neuron populations in different central nervous system (CNS) regions. NDs are classified in accordance with the primary clinical manifestations (e.g., parkinsonism, dementia, or motor neuron disease), the anatomic basis of neurodegeneration (e.g., frontotemporal degenerations, extrapyramidal disorders, or spinocerebellar degenerations), and fundamental molecular abnormalities (e.g., mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and its related molecular alterations). NDs include the Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease, among others. There is a growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and its related mutations in the form of oxidative/nitrosative stress and neurotoxic compounds play major roles in the pathogenesis of various NDs. Curcumin, a polyphenol and nontoxic compound, obtained from turmeric, has been shown to have a therapeutic beneficial effect in various disorders especially on the CNS cells. It has been shown that curcumin has considerable neuro- and mitochondria-protective properties against broad-spectrum neurotoxic compounds and diseases/injury-associating NDs. In this article, we have reviewed the various effects of curcumin on mitochondrial dysfunction in NDs.
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2.
Curcumin ameliorates health-related quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Nouri-Vaskeh, M, Afshan, H, Malek Mahdavi, A, Alizadeh, L, Fan, X, Zarei, M
Complementary therapies in medicine. 2020;:102351
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current study aimed to find the effects of curcumin on quality of life (QoL) in liver cirrhotic patients. DESIGN In this randomized double-masked placebo-controlled trial, 70 cases with liver cirrhosis aged 20-70 years were randomly divided into two groups to receive 1000 mg/day curcumin (n = 35) or placebo (n = 35) for 12 weeks. The health-related QoL (HRQoL) was assessed by CLDQ, LDSI 2.0, and SF-36. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (28 in curcumin and 30 in placebo groups) finished the research. Compared with baseline, overall scores as well as most of CLDQ domains (e.g. Fatigue, Emotional Function, Worry, Abdominal Symptoms, and Systemic Symptoms) and the Physical and Mental health (Total) scores and most of SF-36 domains (e.g. Physical Functioning, Bodily Pain, Vitality, Social Functioning, and Mental Health) increased considerably (P < 0.05) after curcumin administration. Furthermore, curcumin reduced most of LDSI 2.0 domains (e.g. Itch, Joint pain, Pain in the right upper abdomen, Sleeping during the day, Decreased appetite, Depression, Fear of complication, Jaundice, Hindrance in Financial Affairs, Change in use of time, Decreased sexual interest, and Decreased sexual activity) significantly (P < 0.05). Significant differences were noticed between two groups in CLDQ domains and overall scores, LDSI 2.0 domains and overall scores, SF-36 Physical and Mental health (total) scores and all its domains scores (P < 0.05), adjusting for baseline values and disease duration. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin improved QoL in liver cirrhotic patients according to CLDQ, LDSI 2.0, and SF-36 domains. Additional studies are warranted to consider curcumin as a safe, accessible, and low-cost complementary therapeutic option in cirrhosis.
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3.
Epigenetics/epigenomics and prevention by curcumin of early stages of inflammatory-driven colon cancer.
Wu, R, Wang, L, Yin, R, Hudlikar, R, Li, S, Kuo, HD, Peter, R, Sargsyan, D, Guo, Y, Liu, X, et al
Molecular carcinogenesis. 2020;(2):227-236
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the US and worldwide. CRC is the second most common cancer-related death in both men and women globally. Chronic inflammation has been identified as one of the major risk factors of CRC. It may drive genetic and epigenetic/epigenomic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. Current prevention modalities for CRC are limited and some treatment regimens such as use the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin may have severe side effects, namely gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Therefore, there is an urgent need of developing alternative strategies. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that several dietary cancer chemopreventive phytochemicals possess anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress activities, and may prevent cancers including CRC. Curcumin (CUR) is the yellow pigment that is found in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Many studies have demonstrated that CUR exhibit strong anticancer, antioxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory activities by regulating signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, and epigenetics/epigenomics pathways of histones modifications, and DNA methylation. In this review, we will discuss the latest evidence in epigenetics/epigenomics alterations by CUR in CRC and their potential contribution in the prevention of CRC.
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A pilot study of the effect of curcumin on epigenetic changes and DNA damage among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.
Hariri, M, Gholami, A, Mirhafez, SR, Bidkhori, M, Sahebkar, A
Complementary therapies in medicine. 2020;:102447
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enhancement of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients may cause mutation in DNA by deamination of cytosine to 5-hydroxyuracil or uracil. This study aimed to discover the effects of curcumin on NAFLD progress, DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, and promoter methylation of mismatch repair enzymes. MATERIAL AND METHODS in this study, 54 NAFLD patients were randomly devided into two groups, according to a double blind parallel design either phytosomal curcumin (250 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric measures were taken twice, once at the baseline and once at the end of the study. Promoter methylation and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration as DNA damage mediator were measured by restriction enzymes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULT Analysis was performed on 44 patients. According to our between groups analysis, curcumin significantly reduced the methylation in MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) and MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) promoter regions. The within-group comparison revealed that anthropometric variables significantly decreased. However, the result of the between groups comparison indicated no significant changes in the anthropometric variables except for BMI. Liver enzymes and 8-OHdG did not significantly change at the end of the study, neither in curcumin group nor in placebo group. CONCLUSION Curcumin might be able to reduce the risk of mismatch base pair in DNA among the NAFLD patients. However, it did not change the DNA damage mediator and liver enzymes. For confirming these results, more studies with longer duration, more numbers of examined genes, higher dose of curcumin, and larger sample size are required.
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Immunomodulatory therapeutic effects of curcumin in rheumatoid arthritis.
Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh, S, Momtazi-Borojeni, AA
Autoimmunity reviews. 2020;(8):102593
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Curcumin for depression: a meta-analysis.
Fusar-Poli, L, Vozza, L, Gabbiadini, A, Vanella, A, Concas, I, Tinacci, S, Petralia, A, Signorelli, MS, Aguglia, E
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2020;(15):2643-2653
Abstract
Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice frequently used in Asian countries. Given its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it has been hypothesized that curcumin might be effective in treating symptoms of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. In August 2019, we screened 930 articles, of which 9 were eligible for the meta-analysis. In 7 articles, participants were affected by major depressive disorder (MDD), while in other two they suffered from depression secondary to a medical condition. We found an overall significant effect of curcumin on depressive (10 studies, 531 participants, Hedge's g = -0.75, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.39, p < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (5 studies, 284 participants, Hedge's g = -2.62, 95% CI -4.06 to -1.17, p < 0.001), with large effect size. Curcumin was generally well-tolerated by patients. Our findings suggest that curcumin, if added to standard care, might improve depressive and anxiety symptoms in people with depression. However, given the small sample size, our results should be cautiously interpreted. Further trials should be implemented, particularly in Western countries, where curcumin does not represent a usual component of dietary regimens.
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Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.
Zahedipour, F, Hosseini, SA, Sathyapalan, T, Majeed, M, Jamialahmadi, T, Al-Rasadi, K, Banach, M, Sahebkar, A
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2020;(11):2911-2920
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with considerable mortality worldwide. The main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is the presence of respiratory symptoms, but some patients develop severe cardiovascular and renal complications. There is an urgency to understand the mechanism by which this virus causes complications so as to develop treatment options. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, could be a potential treatment option for patients with coronavirus disease. In this study, we review some of the potential effects of curcumin such as inhibiting the entry of virus to the cell, inhibiting encapsulation of the virus and viral protease, as well as modulating various cellular signaling pathways. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of curcumin for the treatment of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2.
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Curcumin and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Ailioaie, LM, Litscher, G
International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;(19)
Abstract
Immune modulation is a very modern medical field for targeting viral infections. In the race to develop the best immune modulator against viruses, curcumin, as a natural product, is inexpensive, without side effects, and can stimulate very well certain areas of the human immune system. As a bright yellow component of turmeric spice, curcumin has been the subject of thousands of scientific and clinical studies in recent decades to prove its powerful antioxidant properties and anticancer effects. Curcumin has been shown to influence inter- and intracellular signaling pathways, with direct effects on gene expression of the antioxidant proteins and those that regulate the immunity. Experimental studies have shown that curcumin modulates several enzyme systems, reduces nitrosative stress, increases the antioxidant capacity, and decreases the lipid peroxidation, protecting against fatty liver pathogenesis and fibrotic changes. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects millions of people worldwide, having sometimes a dramatic evolution to chronic aggressive infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. All up-to-date treatments are limited, there is still a gap in the scientific knowledge, and a sterilization cure may not yet be possible with the removal of both covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the embedded HBV DNA. With a maximum light absorption at 420 nm, the cytotoxicity of curcumin as photosensitizer could be expanded by the intravenous blue laser blood irradiation (IVBLBI) or photobiomodulation in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive, noncirrhotic, but nonresponsive to classical therapy. Photobiomodulation increases DNA repair by the biosynthesis of complex molecules with antioxidant properties, the outset of repairing enzyme systems and new phospholipids for regenerating the cell membranes. UltraBioavailable Curcumin and blue laser photobiomodulation could suppress the virus and control better the disease by reducing inflammation/fibrosis and stopping the progression of chronic hepatitis, reversing fibrosis, and diminishing the progression of cirrhosis, and decreasing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy with blue light and curcumin opens new avenues for the effective prevention and cure of chronic liver infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blue laser light and UltraBioavailable Curcumin could be a new valuable alternative for medical applications in chronic B viral hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma, saving millions of lives.
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Herbal formulation "turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger" versus Naproxen for chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.
Heidari-Beni, M, Moravejolahkami, AR, Gorgian, P, Askari, G, Tarrahi, MJ, Bahreini-Esfahani, N
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2020;(8):2067-2073
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease that can lead to chronic pain and severe disability. Curcumin-an effective ingredient in turmeric with anti inflammatory property-plays an important role in protecting the joints against destructive factors. Gingerols and piperine, are the effective ingredients of ginger and black pepper, which may potentially enhance and sustain the effect of curcumin in this direction. To determine the effect of cosupplementation with turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis, compared with Naproxen. Sixty patients with two different levels of knee osteoarthritis (Grade 2 and 3) were studied. Individuals were randomly assigned to receive daily turmeric extract, ginger, and black pepper together or Naproxen capsule for 4 weeks. PGE2 was evaluated by ELISA method. 24-hr recall was also assessed. All of participants completed the study. PGE2 decreased significantly in both groups (p < .001), but there was no significant differences between groups. The results of this study indicated that intake of the selected herbs twice a day for 4 weeks may improve the PGE2 levels in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis similar to Naproxen drug.
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10.
[Research progress of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis].
Jiang, C, Han, Q, Yang, JM
Zhonghua kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Zhonghua kouqiang yixue zazhi = Chinese journal of stomatology. 2020;(9):685-690
Abstract
Curcumin is a plant-derived polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of turmeric. As curcumin has such favorable properties as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-angiogenesis, immune regulation, anti-bacterial and pro-apoptosis and showed few side effects, the application of curcumin in prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases is promising. This article reviewed the research progress of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.