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A 4-week diet with exercise intervention had a better effect on blood glucose levels compared to diet only intervention in obese individuals with insulin resistance.
Tok, Ö, KİŞİoĞlu, SV, ErsÖz, HÖ, Kahvecİ, B, GÖktaŞ, Z
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2021;(2):287-293
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of prediabetic people are overweight and weight loss is still the most effective treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term exercise and/or diet on weight loss and clinical parameters in subjects with insulin resistance (IR). METHODS A total of 60 subjects (BMI≥25.0 kg/m2) were included in the study. Subjects divided into two groups as follows: diet only (DI, N.=27) and diet and exercise (DEI, N.=27). DI group received an energy restricted diet program, while DEI group received a diet combined with an exercise program for four weeks. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end. RESULTS Total body weight (BW) loss was 2.3 kg (2.5%) in DI group and 3.0 kg (3.2%) in DEI group at the end of four weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels decreased significantly in DEI group (P=0.021). However, the reductions in FBG levels were mild and not statistically significant in DI group (P>0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-c levels reduced in both groups, while triglyceride levels significantly decreased only in DI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Short-term lifestyle interventions have beneficial effects on weight loss and clinical parameters associated with glucose control and lipid profile in subjects with IR. Even small changes in BW (loss of <5% of initial BW) have a positive impact on clinical parameters.
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Healthy hearts in pediatric heart transplant patients with an exercise and diet intervention via live video conferencing-Design and rationale.
Chen, AC, Rosenthal, DN, Couch, SC, Berry, S, Stauffer, KJ, Brabender, J, McDonald, N, Lee, D, Barkoff, L, Nourse, SE, et al
Pediatric transplantation. 2019;(1):e13316
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric heart transplant (PedHtx) patients have increased cardiovascular risk profiles that affect their long-term outcomes and quality of life. We designed a 12- to 16-week diet and exercise intervention delivered via live video conferencing to improve cardiovascular health. Our methodology and baseline assessment of the first 13 enrolled patients are reported. METHODS Inclusion criteria are as follows: (a) 8-19 years old; (b) heart transplant >12 months; (c) ability to fast overnight; (d) cardiac clearance by cardiologist; and (e) presence of an adult at home during exercise sessions for patients <14 years old. Exclusion criteria are as follows: (a) acute illness; (b) latex allergy; (c) transplant rejection <3 months ago; and (d) multi-organ transplantation. The intervention consists of one diet and three exercise sessions weekly via live video conferencing. Study visits are conducted at baseline, intervention completion, and end of maintenance period. RESULTS A total of 13 participants (15.2 [2.3] years) have been enrolled. Median percent-predicted VO2 max was 56.8 [20.7]% (10 patients <70%). Ten patients had abnormal endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index <1.9; 1.4 [0.325]) and 11 patients had stiff arteries (pulse wave velocity ≧5.5 m/s for 15-19 years, ≧4.5 m/s for 8-14 years; 5.6 [0.7] m/s). Patients had suboptimal diets (saturated fat: 22.7 [23.8] g/d, sodium: 2771 [1557] mg/d) and were sedentary at a median of 67.5 [13.8]% of their time. CONCLUSIONS Baseline assessment confirms that PedHtx patients have abnormal cardiac, vascular, and functional health indices, poor dietary habits, and are sedentary. These results support the rationale to test the feasibility and impact of a non-pharmacologic lifestyle intervention in this patient population.
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The Effect of a Chickpea-Based Persian Diet on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients: A Semi-Experimental Study.
Heydarirad, G, Choopani, R, Pasalar, M, Parvizi, MM, Hajian, P, Mirzaei, HR
Complementary medicine research. 2019;(6):390-397
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms associated with cancer or its treatment. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of chickpea-based diet (Nokhodāb) on CRF in female breast cancer patients undertaking routine treatment. METHOD Forty female patients with diagnosis of breast cancer were enrolled. The patients were asked to use a chickpea-based Persian diet daily for the period of 3 weeks. Symptom assessment was made for all women by the Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionnaires and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS CRF decreased significantly at the end of the study, compared to the beginning (p < 0.05). Mean of CFS was 40.72 before the intervention, while showing a significant decrease to 33.38 at the end of our study (p = 0.001). A comparison of FSS and VAS before and after intervention shows that FSS and fatigue VAS mean scores have a significant decline at the end (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Nokhodāb, as an available diet, could be a good choice for relieving CRF in breast cancer women. Traditional/complementary medicine may present some effective therapeutic suggestions for cancer complications.
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Are Preschoolers Meeting the Mark? Comparing the Dietary, Activity, and Sleep Behaviors of Preschoolers With Obesity to National Recommendations.
Odar Stough, C, McCullough, MB, Robson, SL, Bolling, C, Spear Filigno, S, Kichler, JC, Zion, C, Clifford, LM, Simon, SL, Ittenbach, RF, et al
Journal of pediatric psychology. 2018;(4):452-463
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE National health organizations and expert committees have issued recommendations for health behaviors related to obesity risk. Behavioral and family-based weight management interventions for preschoolers often target improving adherence to these recommendations, but it is unknown how the health behaviors of preschoolers with obesity enrolled in weight control treatments (WCTs) compare with these guidelines. In this study, the dietary intake, activity, and sleep behaviors of preschoolers with obesity enrolled in a family-based behavioral WCT are described and compared with national health behavior recommendations. METHODS Health behaviors of 151 preschoolers with obesity (M age = 4.60, SD = 0.93) enrolled in a clinical trial of a weight management program were measured at baseline through caregiver-report questionnaires, three 24-hr dietary recalls, and accelerometers. RESULTS In total, 70% of the sample exceeded daily caloric recommendations, only 10 and 5% met recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake, respectively, and only 30% met the recommendation of consuming no sugar-sweetened beverages. The majority of the sample met the daily recommendations for 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous activity (80%), < 2 hr of screen time (68%), and sleep duration (70%). CONCLUSIONS Behavioral weight management interventions for preschoolers with obesity should target the health behaviors where children are not meeting recommendations.
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A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Prophylactic Manuka Honey for the Reduction of Chemoradiation Therapy-Induced Esophagitis During the Treatment of Lung Cancer: Results of NRG Oncology RTOG 1012.
Fogh, SE, Deshmukh, S, Berk, LB, Dueck, AC, Roof, K, Yacoub, S, Gergel, T, Stephans, K, Rimner, A, DeNittis, A, et al
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 2017;(4):786-796
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Abstract
PURPOSE Randomized trials have shown that honey is effective for the prevention of radiation-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. Because there is no efficacious preventative for radiation esophagitis in lung cancer patients, this trial compared liquid honey, honey lozenges, and standard supportive care for radiation esophagitis. METHODS The patients were stratified by percentage of esophagus receiving specific radiation dose (V60 Gy esophagus <30% or ≥30%) and were then randomized between supportive care, 10 mL of liquid manuka honey 4 times a day, and 2 lozenges (10 mL of dehydrated manuka honey) 4 times a day during concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The primary endpoint was patient-reported pain on swallowing, with the use of an 11-point (0-10) scale at 4 weeks (Numerical Rating Pain Scale, NRPS). The study was designed to detect a 15% relative reduction of change in NRPS score. The secondary endpoints were trend of pain over time, opioid use, clinically graded and patient-reported adverse events, weight loss, dysphagia, nutritional status, and quality of life. RESULTS 53 patients were randomized to supportive care, 54 were randomized to liquid honey, and 56 were randomized to lozenge honey. There was no significant difference in the primary endpoint of change in the NRPS at 4 weeks between arms. There were no differences in any of the secondary endpoints except for opioid use at 4 weeks during treatment between the supportive care and liquid honey arms, which was found to be significant (P=.03), with more patients on the supportive care arm taking opioids. CONCLUSION Honey as prescribed within this protocol was not superior to best supportive care in preventing radiation esophagitis. Further testing of other types of honey and research into the mechanisms of action are needed.
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Significant Improvement Selected Mediators of Inflammation in Phenotypes of Women with PCOS after Reduction and Low GI Diet.
Szczuko, M, Zapałowska-Chwyć, M, Maciejewska, D, Drozd, A, Starczewski, A, Stachowska, E
Mediators of inflammation. 2017;:5489523
Abstract
Many researchers suggest an increased risk of atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In the available literature, there are no studies on the mediators of inflammation in women with PCOS, especially after dietary intervention. Eicosanoids (HETE and HODE) were compared between the biochemical phenotypes of women with PCOS (normal and high androgens) and after the 3-month reduction diet. Eicosanoid profiles (9(S)-HODE, 13(S)-HODE, 5(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE, 15(S)-HETE, 5(S)-oxoETE, 16(R)-HETE, 16(S)-HETE and 5(S), 6(R)-lipoxin A4, 5(S), 6(R), 15(R)-lipoxin A4) were extracted from 0.5 ml of plasma using solid-phase extraction RP-18 SPE columns. The HPLC separations were performed on a 1260 liquid chromatograph. No significant differences were found in the concentration of analysed eicosanoids in phenotypes of women with PCOS. These women, however, have significantly lower concentration of inflammatory mediators than potentially healthy women from the control group. Dietary intervention leads to a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators, reaching similar levels as in the control group. The development of inflammatory reaction in both phenotypes of women with PCOS is similar. The pathways for synthesis of proinflammatory mediators in women with PCOS are dormant, but can be stimulated through a reduction diet. Three-month period of lifestyle change may be too short to stimulate the pathways inhibiting inflammatory process.
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Dietary supplementation with radionuclide free food improves children's health following community exposure to (137)Cesium: a prospective study.
McMahon, DM, Vdovenko, VY, Stepanova, YI, Karmaus, W, Zhang, H, Irving, E, Svendsen, ER
Environmental health : a global access science source. 2015;:94
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986, vast areas of Ukraine became contaminated with radionuclides. We examined health effects of school-based food intervention for children in a rural region Narodichi, Ukraine, exposed to low-level radiation through diet of locally produced foods. Until 1995, children received three daily meals with low content of artificial radionuclides which were subsequently reduced to two. METHODS Annual health screening data (1993-1998) were examined using a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity analysis (n = 947 children; 3,573 repeated measurements). Generalized Estimating Equation models evaluated effect of the food supplementation reduction on hematologic measures and prevalence of anemia, acute respiratory illnesses and diseases of immune system. RESULTS Prior improvement of several hematologic parameters diminished after food supplementation was reduced. From 1995 to 1996, levels of hemoglobin and erythrocytes decreased from 12.63 (95% CI: 12.56-12.71) to 12.46 g/dL (% CI: 12.39-12.52) and from 4.10 (95% CI: 4.07-4.12) to 4.02 (95% CI: 4.00-4.04) × 10(12)/L, respectively. In agreement, the prevalence ratio (PR) of previously declining anemia increased from 0.57 to 1.31 per year (p(interaction )< .0001). The relation between food supplementation and hemoglobin levels was modified by residential (137)Cs soil levels. After food supply reduction, PR of common cold and bronchitis increased from 1.27 to 2.32 per year (p(interaction) = 0.01) and from 1.09 to 1.24 per year (p(interaction) = 0.43), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Food supplementation provided by the Ukrainian government likely prevented development of anemia in many of the children residing in the contaminated district. Food supplementation after the community exposure to radioactivity through a diet of locally grown foods should be considered as an effective approach to reduce adverse health effects of radiation.
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Effects of nutritional management intervention on gestational weight gain and perinatal outcome.
Luo, XD, Dong, X, Zhou, J
Saudi medical journal. 2014;(10):1267-70
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether nutritional management intervention can prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy and improve perinatal outcomes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 276 pregnant women undergoing prenatal care between June 2010 and December 2011 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Second Affiliate Hospital of the ChongQing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, China. Of them, 131 women received individualized nutritional management in addition to routine prenatal care (intervention group), and 145 women received only routine prenatal care (control group). The primary study outcome was gestational weight gain (GWG). Secondary outcomes included birth weight, Apgar score, and incidence of pregnancy complications. RESULTS Baseline demographic characteristics of the 2 groups were the same. The average GWG was higher in the control group (12.57+/-4.62 kg) compared with the intervention group (7.58+/-1.59 kg; p=0.000). The incidence rate of preeclampsia was 3.1% and gestational diabetes was 3.8% for the intervention group, compared with 11% for preeclampsia and 14.5% gestational diabetes for the control group (p<0.05). The incidence rates of premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, birth weight, birth of a newborn, and major congenital anomalies did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Nutritional management intervention prevented excessive GWG and improved perinatal outcomes. These results support the hypothesis that nutritional management intervention can decrease the rate of complications experienced by expecting mothers.
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Efficacy of IgE-targeted vs empiric six-food elimination diets for adult eosinophilic oesophagitis.
Rodríguez-Sánchez, J, Gómez Torrijos, E, López Viedma, B, de la Santa Belda, E, Martín Dávila, F, García Rodríguez, C, Feo Brito, F, Olmedo Camacho, J, Reales Figueroa, P, Molina-Infante, J
Allergy. 2014;(7):936-42
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin testing-guided elimination diet has proved unsuccessful for adult eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), whereas empiric six-food elimination diet (SFED) achieves an efficacy of 70%. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of food-specific serum IgE-targeted elimination diet (sIgE-ED) and SFED. METHODS Prospective study in adult patients with EoE. Food-specific serum IgE, skin prick test (SPT) and atopy patch test (APT) to foods included in SFED were performed. Those with ≥1 positive IgE test, defined by ≥0.1 kU/l, followed a 6-week sIgE-ED, whereas non-IgE-sensitized patients underwent a 6-week SFED. Responders to diet (<15 eos/HPF) underwent individual reintroduction of foods followed by histological assessment. RESULTS Forty-three EoE patients were included (26 sIgE-ED and 17 SFED). Regarding sIgE-ED, the mean number of eliminated foods per patient was significantly lower than in SFED (3.81 vs 6; P < 0.001), being wheat (85%), nuts (73%) and cow's milk (61%) the most commonly foods withdrawn. No difference in histological response was observed between sIgE-ED and SFED (73% vs 53%, P = 0.17). Causative foods identified by food challenge were cow's milk (64%), wheat (28%), egg (21%) and legumes (7%), with a single food trigger in 71% of patients. sIgE exhibited the higher accuracy to predict offending foods in IgE-sensitized patients (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 68% (κ = 0.43)), with k values of 1 for cow's milk. APT results were all negative. CONCLUSIONS Histological remission was accomplished in 73% of patients undergoing sIgE-ED, which was nonsignificantly superior to SFED. sIgE effectively identified cow's milk as a food trigger in IgE-sensitized patients.
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Effect of daily supplementation of fruits on oxidative stress indices and glycaemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Hegde, SV, Adhikari, P, M, N, D'Souza, V
Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2013;(2):97-100
Abstract
This study sought to examine whether consumption of two low-calorie fruit/day for 3-months can effectively improve oxidative stress, anthropometry, blood pressure and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study involved 123 patients who were assigned to receive either standard care or with additional dietary therapy. Dietary intervention resulted in significant reduction in malondialdehyde, plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin and improvement in antioxidants like vitamin C and reduced glutathione when compared to controls. Mean plasma levels of vitamin C increased by 64% (p < 0.001). There were no differences in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, vitamin E and superoxide dismutase in the intervention group at follow-up. Diet rich in fruits can improve some antioxidants which are likely to reduce oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. Regular consumption of fruits can lower the glycaemic status in these patients. The study supports the usefulness of plasma vitamin C as a biomarker for fruit intake.