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Comparison of norepinephrine, dopamine and dobutamine combined with enteral nutrition in the treatment of elderly patients harboring sepsis.
Zhou, WJ, Cui, JK, Liu, M, Shang, XK, Ding, SS
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2021;(3):957-961
Abstract
The present study was performed in order to investigate the safety and efficacy of different vasoactive drugs combined with enteral nutrition in terms of treating elderly patients with sepsis. A total of 75 elderly patients with sepsis treated with enteral nutrition in our hospital were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 25), group B (n = 25) and group C (n = 25). The three groups were treated with dopamine, dobutamine and norepinephrine respectively. One week after treatment, the therapeutic effects of the three groups were compared, the vascular elastic indexes, hemodynamic indexes and levels of inflammatory factors of the three groups were measured. After treatment, the clinical effective rate of group C was evidently higher than that of group A and group B. The vascular elasticity coefficient and stiffness coefficient in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B, and the arterial compliance in group C was significantly higher than that in group A and group B (P < 0.05). The levels of MAP and PVRI in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and B, and the levels of CI, CVP and HR in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B (P < 0.05). Norepinephrine elicited greater effects in terms of improving hemodynamic indexes, vascular elasticity and reducing the level of inflammatory factors compared with dopamine and dobutamine in elderly patients harboring sepsis.
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Altered dopamine signalling in chronic epigastric pain syndrome.
Chojnacki, C, Poplawski, T, Blasiak, J, Fila, M, Konrad, P, Chojnacki, J
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society. 2020;(6)
Abstract
Chronic epigastric pain syndrome (CEPS) is an important diagnostic problem, especially in patients without macroscopic and microscopic changes in gastric mucosa. The cause of this ailment is unclear. The aim of this study was the assessment of coexistence between symptoms of this syndrome and secretion level of dopamine (DA), as well as the efficacy of peripheral and central D2 receptors antagonist. Sixty depressive patients with CEPS occurring independently of the diet and with no Helicobacter pylori infection and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Plasma DA and urinary homovanilic acid (HVA) concentration were measured by ELISA, and the mRNA expression of dopa decarboxylase (DDC) in gastric mucosa was evaluated by RT-PCR in 30 patients with CEPS and 30 controls. Severity of epigastric pain before and after 12 weeks 2 x 50 mg itopride or sulpiride treatment was evaluated using the modified 10-point Visual Analogue Scale. Higher average levels of plasma DA and urinary HVA levels in CEPS patients than controls 129.5 ± 22.0 versus 109.1 ± 18.4 pg/ml (p < 0.001) and 6.82 ± 1.55 versus 5.39 ± 1.04 mg/24 h, respectively were obtained. Moreover, the expression of DDC in gastric mucosa of CEPS patients was higher than in healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Sulpiride subsided epigastric pain in 73.3%, but itopride reduced it only in 6.6% of CEPS patients. We concluded that altered dopamine signalling may affect locally-and-centrally mediated chronic epigastric pain.
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Enhancement in dopamine reduces generous behaviour in women.
Oroz Artigas, S, Liu, L, Strang, S, Burrasch, C, Hermsteiner, A, Münte, TF, Park, SQ
PloS one. 2019;(12):e0226893
Abstract
Generosity is a human behavior common in social contexts. However, humans are not equally generous to everyone alike. Instead, generosity decreases as a function of social distance, an effect called social discounting. Studies show that such social discounting effect depends on diverse factors including personality traits, cultures, stress or hormonal levels. Recently, the importance of the neurotransmitter dopamine in regulating social interactions has been highlighted. However, it remains unclear how exactly dopamine agonist administration modulates generous behavior as a function of social discounting. Here, we investigate the causal effect of dopamine agonist administration on social discounting in a pharmacological intervention study. We employ a randomized, double-blind, within-subject design to investigate the impact of the D2/D3 receptor agonist pramipexole on social discounting by keeping gender constant. We apply hyperbolic social discount model to the data and provide evidence that women under pramipexole become less generous in general, especially towards close others. Our results highlight the crucial role of dopamine in social decision making.
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Dopamine-Related Genotypes and Physical Activity Change During an Intervention: The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study.
Rosso, AL, Metti, AL, Glynn, NW, Boudreau, RM, Rejeski, WJ, Bohnen, N, Chen, H, Johannsen, NM, King, AC, Manini, TM, et al
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2018;(6):1172-1179
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether intervention-induced physical activity (PA) changes in sedentary older adults differed according to dopamine-related genotype. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Trial (2010-13)). SETTING Multicenter study, 8 U.S. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of sedentary adults aged 70 to 89 at risk of disability (N=1635). INTERVENTIONS Structured PA versus health education (HE) for an average of 2.6 years. MEASUREMENTS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of dopamine-related genes (dopamine receptor (DR) D1, DRD2, DRD3, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)) were assessed. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was calculated using accelerometry (min/d) at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. Between-arm MVPA differences according to genotype and genotype with square root-transformed MVPA separately according to arm were tested, stratified according to race, and adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS White participants in the PA arm (n=513) had higher average square root transformed MVPA (4.91±1.91)than those in the HE arm (n=538) (4.51±1.82) (p=.001). Between-arm differences were greater for DRD2 Met/Met (high dopamine; HE: 4.76±1.80, PA: 5.53±1.60, p=.03) than Val/Val (low dopamine; HE: 4.58±1.92, PA: 4.81±1.83, p=.16); results were similar for COMT. In the PA arm, DRD2 Met/Met was associated with higher average MVPA (5.39±2.00) than Met/Val (4.46±2.51) (p=.01) and Val/Val (4.65±2.71) (p=.01). There were no associations for other genes. Associations were not significant in blacks but followed similar trends. CONCLUSION Higher dopamine signaling may support changes in PA during an intervention. The role of dopamine-related pathways in promoting PA participation and enhancing response to interventions in sedentary older adults should be studied. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01072500.
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Dopamine and light: effects on facial emotion recognition.
Cawley, E, Tippler, M, Coupland, NJ, Benkelfat, C, Boivin, DB, Aan Het Rot, M, Leyton, M
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2017;(9):1225-1233
Abstract
Bright light can affect mood states and social behaviours. Here, we tested potential interacting effects of light and dopamine on facial emotion recognition. Participants were 32 women with subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder tested in either a bright (3000 lux) or dim light (10 lux) environment. Each participant completed two test days, one following the ingestion of a phenylalanine/tyrosine-deficient mixture and one with a nutritionally balanced control mixture, both administered double blind in a randomised order. Approximately four hours post-ingestion participants completed a self-report measure of mood followed by a facial emotion recognition task. All testing took place between November and March when seasonal symptoms would be present. Following acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD), compared to the nutritionally balanced control mixture, participants in the dim light condition were more accurate at recognising sad faces, less likely to misclassify them, and faster at responding to them, effects that were independent of changes in mood. Effects of APTD on responses to sad faces in the bright light group were less consistent. There were no APTD effects on responses to other emotions, with one exception: a significant light × mixture interaction was seen for the reaction time to fear, but the pattern of effect was not predicted a priori or seen on other measures. Together, the results suggest that the processing of sad emotional stimuli might be greater when dopamine transmission is low. Bright light exposure, used for the treatment of both seasonal and non-seasonal mood disorders, might produce some of its benefits by preventing this effect.
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The Effects of Acute Dopamine Precursor Depletion on the Cognitive Control Functions of Performance Monitoring and Conflict Processing: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study.
Larson, MJ, Clayson, PE, Primosch, M, Leyton, M, Steffensen, SC
PloS one. 2015;(10):e0140770
Abstract
Studies using medications and psychiatric populations implicate dopamine in cognitive control and performance monitoring processes. However, side effects associated with medication or studying psychiatric groups may confound the relationship between dopamine and cognitive control. To circumvent such possibilities, we utilized a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design wherein participants were administered a nutritionally-balanced amino acid mixture (BAL) and an amino acid mixture deficient in the dopamine precursors tyrosine (TYR) and phenylalanine (PHE) on two separate occasions. Order of sessions was randomly assigned. Cognitive control and performance monitoring were assessed using response times (RT), error rates, the N450, an event-related potential (ERP) index of conflict monitoring, the conflict slow potential (conflict SP), an ERP index of conflict resolution, and the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe), ERPs associated with performance monitoring. Participants were twelve males who completed a Stroop color-word task while ERPs were collected four hours following acute PHE and TYR depletion (APTD) or balanced (BAL) mixture ingestion in two separate sessions. N450 and conflict SP ERP amplitudes significantly differentiated congruent from incongruent trials, but did not differ as a function of APTD or BAL mixture ingestion. Similarly, ERN and Pe amplitudes showed significant differences between error and correct trials that were not different between APTD and BAL conditions. Findings indicate that acute dopamine precursor depletion does not significantly alter cognitive control and performance monitoring ERPs. Current results do not preclude the role of dopamine in these processes, but suggest that multiple methods for dopamine-related hypothesis testing are needed.
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Melatonin and dopamine as biomarkers to optimize treatment in phenylketonuria: effects of tryptophan and tyrosine supplementation.
Yano, S, Moseley, K, Azen, C
The Journal of pediatrics. 2014;(1):184-189.e1
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether additional supplementation of tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) improve serotonin and dopamine metabolism in individuals with phenylketonuria treated with large neutral amino acid (LNAA) tablets. STUDY DESIGN Ten adult individuals with phenylketonuria participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study consisting of three 3-week phases: washout, treatment with LNAA tablets plus supplementation with either Trp and Tyr tablets or placebo, and LNAA tablets plus the alternate supplementation. An overnight protocol to measure blood melatonin, a serotonin metabolite in the pinealocytes, and urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and dopamine in first-void urine specimens was conducted after each phase. RESULTS Serum melatonin and urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and dopamine levels were increased in the LNAA phase (LNAA plus placebo) compared with the washout phase. Serum melatonin and urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were not increased in the active phase (LNAA plus Trp + Tyr) compared with the LNAA phase, although plasma Trp:LNAA was increased compared with the LNAA phase. Among 7 subjects with a plasma Trp/LNAA >0.03, a negative correlation between urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and plasma phenylalanine levels was observed (r = -0.072). Urine dopamine levels and plasma Tyr:LNAA were increased in the active phase compared with the LNAA phase. CONCLUSION Melatonin levels were not increased with the higher dose of Trp supplementation, but dopamine levels were increased with the higher dose of Tyr supplementation. Serotonin synthesis appears to be suppressed by high phenylalanine levels at the Trp hydroxylase level.
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Dopamine modulates the neural representation of subjective value of food in hungry subjects.
Medic, N, Ziauddeen, H, Vestergaard, MD, Henning, E, Schultz, W, Farooqi, IS, Fletcher, PC
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2014;(50):16856-64
Abstract
Although there is a rich literature on the role of dopamine in value learning, much less is known about its role in using established value estimations to shape decision-making. Here we investigated the effect of dopaminergic modulation on value-based decision-making for food items in fasted healthy human participants. The Becker-deGroot-Marschak auction, which assesses subjective value, was examined in conjunction with pharmacological fMRI using a dopaminergic agonist and an antagonist. We found that dopamine enhanced the neural response to value in the inferior parietal gyrus/intraparietal sulcus, and that this effect predominated toward the end of the valuation process when an action was needed to record the value. Our results suggest that dopamine is involved in acting upon the decision, providing additional insight to the mechanisms underlying impaired decision-making in healthy individuals and clinical populations with reduced dopamine levels.
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Effects of acute dopamine precusor depletion on immediate reward selection bias and working memory depend on catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype.
Kelm, MK, Boettiger, CA
Journal of cognitive neuroscience. 2013;(12):2061-71
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Abstract
Little agreement exists as to acute dopamine (DA) manipulation effects on intertemporal choice in humans. We previously found that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met genotype predicts individual differences in immediate reward selection bias among adults. Moreover, we and others have shown that the relationship between COMT genotype and immediate reward bias is inverted in adolescents. No previous pharmacology studies testing DA manipulation effects on intertemporal choice have accounted for COMT genotype, and many have included participants in the adolescent age range (18-21 years) as adults. Moreover, many studies have included female participants without strict cycle phase control, although recent evidence demonstrates that cyclic estradiol elevations interact with COMT genotype to affect DA-dependent cognition. These factors may have interacted with DA manipulations in past studies, potentially occluding detection of effects. Therefore, we predicted that, among healthy male adults (ages 22-40 years), frontal DA tone, as indexed by COMT genotype, would interact with acute changes in DA signaling to affect intertemporal choice. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, we decreased central DA via administration of an amino acid beverage deficient in the DA precursors, phenylalanine and tyrosine, and tested effects on immediate reward bias in a delay-discounting (DD) task and working memory (WM) in an n-back task. We found no main effect of beverage on DD or WM performance but did find significant beverage*genotype effects. These results suggest that the effect of DA manipulations on DD depends on individual differences in frontal DA tone, which may have impeded some past efforts to characterize DA's role in immediate reward bias in humans.
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Effects of acute combined serotonin and dopamine depletion on cue-induced drinking intention/desire and cognitive function in patients with alcohol dependence.
Sun, HQ, Liu, Y, Li, P, Bao, YP, Sheng, LX, Zhang, RL, Cao, YJ, Di, XL, Yang, FD, Wang, F, et al
Drug and alcohol dependence. 2012;(3):200-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol cues can precipitate the desire to drink and cause relapse in recovering alcohol-dependent patients. Serotonin and dopamine may play a role in alcohol cue-induced craving. Acute combined tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe) depletion (CMD) in the diet attenuates the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine in the human brain. However, no study of the effects of acute CMD has been previously conducted. Therefore, we investigated whether the attenuation of serotonin and dopamine synthesis changes cue-induced alcohol craving in recently abstinent alcoholics. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 12 male patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria for alcohol dependence were divided into two conditions: (1) monoamine depletion (i.e., consumption of a concentrated amino acid beverage that resulted in a rapid and significant decrease in plasma-free Tyr/Phe/Trp) and (2) balanced condition (i.e., consumption of a similar beverage that contained Tyr/Phe/Trp). The participants were scheduled for two experimental sessions, with an interval of ≥7 days. The cue-induced craving test session was conducted 6h after each amino acid beverage administration. Drinking urge, blood pressure, heart rate, working memory, and attention/psychomotor performance were assessed before and after administration. RESULTS Compared with the balanced condition, the monoamine depletion condition significantly increased drinking intention/desire and diastolic blood pressure. Cognitive performance was not different between the two conditions. CONCLUSIONS Acute combined serotonin and dopamine depletion may increase drinking intention/desire and diastolic blood pressure without influencing cognitive function.