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Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes by race, ethnicity, and region: A meta-analysis.
Qiu, M, Ding, L, Wei, X, Wei, W, Zhou, H
Medicine. 2020;(49):e23489
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetic subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, and region are unestablished. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for related randomized controlled trials. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis, stratified by drug class, on MACE in various subgroups defined by 3 factors of interest (ie, race, ethnicity, and region) to estimate pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval. Random-effects meta-regression was conducted to evaluate the differences between 2 drug classes. RESULTS We included 11 randomized controlled trials for pooled analysis. Compared with placebo, SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced the risk of MACE (HR ranged from 0.76 to 0.93) in most diabetic subgroups defined by 3 factors of interest. The 2 drug classes did not significantly reduced this risk in the Black race group (HR 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.70-1.20). The effect of the 2 drug classes on MACE was not significantly different in all diabetic subgroups of interest (P-value for subgroup differences ranged from .101 to .971). CONCLUSIONS SGLT2is and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists can significantly reduce the risk of MACE in most type 2 diabetic subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, and region, whereas they fail to do it in Black individuals.
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First line drug treatment for hypertension and reductions in blood pressure according to age and ethnicity: cohort study in UK primary care.
Sinnott, SJ, Douglas, IJ, Smeeth, L, Williamson, E, Tomlinson, LA
BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2020;:m4080
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether treatment recommendations based on age and ethnicity according to United Kingdom (UK) clinical guidelines for hypertension translate to blood pressure reductions in current routine clinical care. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING UK primary care, from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2017. PARTICIPANTS New users of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), and thiazides. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in systolic blood pressure in new users of ACEI/ARB versus CCB, stratified by age (< v ≥55) and ethnicity (black v non-black), from baseline to 12, 26, and 52 week follow-up. Secondary analyses included comparisons of new users of CCB with those of thiazides. A negative outcome (herpes zoster) was used to detect residual confounding and a series of positive outcomes (expected drug effects) was used to determine whether the study design could identify expected associations. RESULTS During one year of follow-up, 87 440 new users of ACEI/ARB, 67 274 new users of CCB, and 22 040 new users of thiazides were included (median 4 (interquartile range 2-6) blood pressure measurements per user). For non-black people who did not have diabetes and who were younger than 55, CCB use was associated with a larger reduction in systolic blood pressure of 1.69 mm Hg (99% confidence interval -2.52 to -0.86) relative to ACEI/ARB use at 12 weeks, and a reduction of 0.40 mm Hg (-0.98 to 0.18) in those aged 55 and older. In subgroup analyses using six finer age categories of non-black people who did not have diabetes, CCB use versus ACEI/ARB use was associated with a larger reduction in systolic blood pressure only in people aged 75 and older. Among people who did not have diabetes, systolic blood pressure decreased more with CCB use than with ACEI/ARB use in black people (reduction difference 2.15 mm Hg (-6.17 to 1.87)); the corresponding reduction difference was 0.98 mm Hg (-1.49 to -0.47) in non-black people. CONCLUSIONS Similar reductions in blood pressure were found to be associated with new use of CCB as with new use of ACEI/ARB in non-black people who did not have diabetes, both in those who were aged younger than 55 and those aged 55 and older. For black people without diabetes, CCB new use was associated with numerically greater reductions in blood pressure than ACEI/ARB compared with non-black people without diabetes, but the confidence intervals were overlapping for the two groups. These results suggest that the current UK algorithmic approach to first line antihypertensive treatment might not lead to greater reductions in blood pressure. Specific indications could be considered in treatment recommendations.
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3.
Impact of NR5A2 and RYR2 3'UTR polymorphisms on the risk of breast cancer in a Chinese Han population.
Wei, Y, Wang, X, Zhang, Z, Zhao, C, Chang, Y, Bian, Z, Zhao, X
Breast cancer research and treatment. 2020;(1):1-8
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The NR5A2 and RYR2 genes are important players in steroid metabolism and play an important role in cancer research. In this research, we want to evaluate the effect of NR5A2 and RYR2 polymorphisms on breast cancer (BC). METHODS Four single nucleotide polymorphisms on NR5A2 and RYR2 were selected to genotype by Agena MassARRAY in 379 BC patients and 407 healthy controls. Using the PLINK software to calculate the Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via the logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk for BC. RESULTS We found that NR5A2 rs2246209 significantly decreased the risk of BC with the AA genotype (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.34-0.99, p = 0.049), and recessive model (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.35-0.99, p = 0.046); rs12594 in the RYR2 gene significantly decreased the risk of BC in the GG genotype (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.22-0.88, p = 0.020), and recessive model (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.21-0.85, p = 0.016). Further stratification analysis showed that NR5A2 rs2246209 was related to a lower incidence of BC affected by age, lymph nodes metastasis, and tumor stage; RYR2 rs12594 was related to a decreased BC risk restricted by age, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), menopausal status, tumor size, and tumor stage. Rs12594 in the RyR2 gene remained significant on the genetic susceptibility of PR-positive BC after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0125). CONCLUSIONS This study provides an evidence that NR5A2 rs2246209 and RYR2 rs12594 decreased the risk of breast cancer.
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Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Oaxaca, Mexico: Oaxaca city and rural Oaxaca.
Hernández-Hernández, O, Hernández-Zaragoza, DI, Barquera, R, Warinner, C, López-Gil, C, Arrieta-Bolaños, E, Clayton, S, Bravo-Acevedo, A, Ramos-de la Cruz, FDR, Méndez-Mani, P, et al
Human immunology. 2020;(9):553-556
Abstract
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 636 Mexicans from the state of Oaxaca living in the city of Oaxaca (N = 151) and rural communities (N = 485), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We found that the 13 most frequent haplotypes in Oaxaca are all of putative Native American origin. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Oaxaca are Native American (73.12 ± 2.77% by ML; 61.52% of Native American haplotypes) and European (17.36 ± 2.07% by ML; 20.69% of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (9.52 ± 0.88% by ML; 8.94% of African haplotypes).
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5.
Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from San Luis Potosí, Mexico: San Luis Potosí City and rural San Luis Potosí.
Hernández-Zaragoza, DI, Rodríguez-Munguía, TJ, Barquera, R, Adalid-Sáinz, C, Arrieta-Bolaños, E, Clayton, S, Pacheco-Ubaldo, H, González-Medina, L, Lona-Sánchez, A, Bravo-Acevedo, A, et al
Human immunology. 2020;(9):528-530
Abstract
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 117 Mexicans from the state of San Luis Potosí living in the city of San Luis Potosí (N = 30) and rural communities (N = 87), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in the state include 13 Native American, six European, two African and two Asian haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components are Native American (52.72 ± 0.66% by ML; 48.29% of Native American haplotypes) and European (34.62 ± 4.28% by ML; 32.48% of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (12.66 ± 4.61% by ML; 10.26% of African haplotypes).
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6.
Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Hidalgo, Mexico: Pachuca and rural Hidalgo.
Barquera, R, Martínez-Álvarez, JC, Trejo-Ordoz, AV, Pavón-Vargas, MLÁ, Vega-Martínez, MDR, Arrieta-Bolaños, E, Clayton, S, Ortega-Yáñez, A, Juárez-Cortés, ED, Juárez-Nicolás, F, et al
Human immunology. 2020;(9):535-538
Abstract
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 122 Mexicans from the state of Hidalgo living in the city of Pachuca (N = 41) and rural communities (N = 81), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in Hidalgo include eight Native American and one European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Hidalgo are Native American (58.93 ± 2.16% by ML; 54.51% of Native American haplotypes) and European (32.49 ± 2.88% by ML; 28.69% of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (8.58 ± 0.93% by ML; 6.97% of African haplotypes).
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7.
Genetic diversity of HLA system in three populations from Chihuahua, Mexico: Chihuahua City, Ciudad Juárez and rural Chihuahua.
Pacheco-Ubaldo, H, Adalid-Sáinz, C, Barquera, R, Clayton, S, Arrieta-Bolaños, E, Delgado-Aguirre, H, González-Medina, L, Hernández-Zaragoza, DI, Escareño-Montiel, N, Morán-Martínez, J, et al
Human immunology. 2020;(9):485-488
Abstract
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 461 Mexicans from the state of Chihuahua living in Chihuahua city (N = 119), Ciudad Juárez (N = 106) and rural communities (N = 236), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium. We find that the most frequent haplotypes found in the state of Chihuahua include seven Native American and three European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in Chihuahua are European (52.12 ± 0.88% by ML; 41.53% of European haplotypes) and Native American (39.51 ± 2.17% by ML; 37.45% of Native American haplotypes), while African genetic component was less apparent (8.36 ± 1.47% by ML; 11.70% of African haplotypes).
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Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Campeche, Mexico: Campeche city and rural Campeche.
Barquera, R, Lara-Riegos, J, Ponnandai-Shanmugavel, KS, Immel, A, Arrieta-Bolaños, E, Clayton, S, Solís-Martínez, R, Bravo-Acevedo, A, Vázquez-Castillo, TV, Hernández-Zaragoza, DI, et al
Human immunology. 2020;(9):566-568
Abstract
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 81 Mexicans from the state of Campeche living in the city of Campeche (N = 34) and rural communities (N = 47), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in the state of Campeche include ten Native American, three European, one African and one Asian haplotype. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Campeche are Native American (65.56 ± 0.96% by ML; 51.24% of Native American haplotypes), European (34.44 ± 10.94% by ML; 30.25% of European haplotypes), and a virtually absent African genetic component (0.00 ± 10.31% by ML; 9.26% of African haplotypes).
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Genetic diversity of HLA system in three populations from Sonora, Mexico: Ciudad Obregón, Hermosillo and rural Sonora.
Uribe-Duarte, MG, Aguilar-Campos, JA, Barquera, R, Bravo-Acevedo, A, Clayton, S, Arrieta-Bolaños, E, Ruíz-Corral, MJ, Hernández-Zaragoza, DI, Serrano-Osuna, R, Yunis, EJ, et al
Human immunology. 2020;(9):478-481
Abstract
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 439 Mexicans from the state of Sonora living in Ciudad Obregón (N = 143), Hermosillo (N = 99), and rural communities (N = 197) to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the 13 most frequent haplotypes for the state of Sonora include nine Native American, three European and one Asian haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Sonora are European (51.25 ± 2.90% by ML; 37.70% of European haplotypes) and Native American (43.35 ± 2.57% by ML; 39.64% of Native American haplotypes), while the African genetic component was less apparent (5.39 ± 2.54% by ML; 11.04% of African haplotypes).
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Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Colima, Mexico: Colima city and rural Colima.
Barquera, R, Hernández-Zaragoza, DI, Arellano-Prado, FP, Goné-Vázquez, I, Clayton, S, Arrieta-Bolaños, E, Escobedo-Ruíz, A, García-Arias, VE, Bravo-Acevedo, A, Rodríguez-López, ME, et al
Human immunology. 2020;(9):513-515
Abstract
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 104 Mexicans from the state of Colima living in the city of Colima (N = 61) and rural communities (N = 43), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in the state of Colima include eight Native American, two European and one African haplotype. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state are Native American (52.74 ± 3.88% by ML; 48.10% of Native American haplotypes) and European (37.52 ± 8.94% by ML; 26.66% of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (9.74 ± 8.40% by ML; 11.91% of African haplotypes).