0
selected
-
1.
Choline metabolome response to prenatal choline supplementation across pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial.
Taesuwan, S, McDougall, MQ, Malysheva, OV, Bender, E, Nevins, JEH, Devapatla, S, Vidavalur, R, Caudill, MA, Klatt, KC
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 2021;(12):e22063
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Pregnancy places a unique stress upon choline metabolism, requiring adaptations to support both maternal and fetal requirements. The impact of pregnancy and prenatal choline supplementation on choline and its metabolome in free-living, healthy adults is relatively uncharacterized. This study investigated the effect of prenatal choline supplementation on maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism among free-living pregnant persons consuming self-selected diets. Participants were randomized to supplemental choline (as choline chloride) intakes of 550 mg/d (500 mg/d d0-choline + 50 mg/d methyl-d9-choline; intervention) or 25 mg/d d9-choline (control) from gestational week (GW) 12-16 until Delivery. Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were obtained at study Visit 1 (GW 12-16), Visit 2 (GW 20-24), and Visit 3 (GW 28-32). At Delivery, maternal and cord blood and placental tissue samples were collected. Participants randomized to 550 (vs. 25) mg supplemental choline/d achieved higher (p < .05) plasma concentrations of free choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin at one or more study timepoint. Betaine was most responsive to prenatal choline supplementation with increases (p ≤ .001) in maternal plasma observed at Visit 2-Delivery (relative to Visit 1 and control), as well as in the placenta and cord plasma. Notably, greater plasma enrichments of d3-PC and LDL-C were observed in the intervention (vs. control) group, indicating enhanced PC synthesis through the de novo phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase pathway and lipid export. Overall, these data show that prenatal choline supplementation profoundly alters the choline metabolome, supporting pregnancy-related metabolic adaptations and revealing biomarkers for use in nutritional assessment and monitoring during pregnancy.
-
2.
Phase I study of cord blood-derived natural killer cells combined with autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma.
Shah, N, Li, L, McCarty, J, Kaur, I, Yvon, E, Shaim, H, Muftuoglu, M, Liu, E, Orlowski, RZ, Cooper, L, et al
British journal of haematology. 2017;(3):457-466
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with known immune dysregulation. Natural killer (NK) cells have shown preclinical activity in MM. We conducted a first-in-human study of umbilical cord blood-derived (CB) NK cells for MM patients undergoing high dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT). Patients received lenalidomide (10 mg) on days -8 to -2, melphalan 200 mg/m2 on day -7, CB-NK cells on day -5 and auto-HCT on day 0. Twelve patients were enrolled, three on each of four CB-NK cell dose levels: 5 × 106 , 1 × 107 , 5 × 107 and 1 × 108 CB-NK cells/kg. Ten patients had either high-risk chromosomal changes or a history of relapsed/progressed disease. There were no infusional toxicities and no graft-versus-host disease. One patient failed to engraft due to poor autologous graft quality and was rescued with a back-up autologous graft. Overall, 10 patients achieved at least a very good partial response as their best response, including eight with near complete response or better. With a median follow-up of 21 months, four patients have progressed or relapsed, two of whom have died. CB-NK cells were detected in vivo in six patients, with an activated phenotype (NKG2D+ /NKp30+ ). These data warrant further development of this novel cellular therapy.
-
3.
Maternal obesity during pregnancy is negatively associated with maternal and neonatal iron status.
Jones, AD, Zhao, G, Jiang, YP, Zhou, M, Xu, G, Kaciroti, N, Zhang, Z, Lozoff, B
European journal of clinical nutrition. 2016;(8):918-24
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity among pregnant women may adversely affect both maternal iron status throughout pregnancy and placental transfer of iron. The objective of this study was to determine the association of maternal body mass index (BMI) with (1) maternal iron status and inflammation in mid and late pregnancy, (2) the change in maternal iron status throughout pregnancy and (3) neonatal iron status. SUBJECTS/METHODS We examined longitudinal data from 1613 participants in a pregnancy iron supplementation trial in rural China. Women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were enrolled in the early second trimester of pregnancy and followed through parturition. Maternal blood samples obtained at enrollment and in the third trimester and cord blood samples were analyzed for a range of hematological and iron biomarkers. RESULTS There was a negative association between maternal BMI and iron status at enrollment (transferrin receptor (sTfR): r=0.20, P<0.001; body iron (BI): r=-0.05; P=0.03). This association was markedly stronger among obese women. Maternal BMI was positively associated with maternal inflammation (C-reactive protein: r=0.33, P<0.001). In multiple linear regression models, maternal BMI was negatively associated with neonatal iron status (cord serum ferritin: -0.01, P=0.008; BI: -0.06, P=0.006) and associated with a lower decrease in iron status throughout pregnancy (sTfR: -4.6, P<0.001; BI: 1.1, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Maternal obesity during pregnancy may adversely affect both maternal and neonatal iron status, potentially through inflammatory pathways.
-
4.
Effects of ethnicity and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and changes in bone mineral content in infants.
Abrams, SA, Hawthorne, KM, Rogers, SP, Hicks, PD, Carpenter, TO
BMC pediatrics. 2012;:6
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effects on serum 25(OH)D and bone mineralization of supplementation of breast-fed Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian infants with vitamin D in infants in Houston, Texas. METHODS We measured cord serum 25(OH)D levels, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and their changes over 3 months of life with 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation. RESULTS Cord serum 25(OH)D was significantly lower in Hispanic than non-Hispanic Caucasian infants (16.4 ± 6.5 ng/mL, n = 27, vs 22.3 ± 9.4 n = 22, p = 0.013). Among 38 infants who completed a 3 month vitamin D supplementation intervention, provision of 400 IU/day of vitamin D increased final 25(OH)D to a higher level in non-Hispanic Caucasian compared to Hispanic infants. There was no significant relationship between cord serum 25(OH)D and BMC or BMD in the first week of life (n = 49) or after 3 months of vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSION Low cord 25(OH)D levels are seen in Hispanic infants, but their functional significance is uncertain related to bone health in a southern US setting. Daily vitamin D intake of 400 IU during the first months of life appears adequate to increase serum 25(OH)D and support BMC increases despite low initial 25(OH)D levels in some infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClincalTrials.gov NCT00697294.
-
5.
Effect of alpha-linolenic acid supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal polyunsaturated fatty acid status and pregnancy outcome.
de Groot, RH, Hornstra, G, van Houwelingen, AC, Roumen, F
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2004;(2):251-60
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal essential fatty acid status declines during pregnancy, and as a result, neonatal concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) may not be optimal. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to improve maternal and neonatal fatty acid status by supplementing pregnant women with a combination of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6), the ultimate dietary precursors of DHA and AA, respectively. DESIGN From week 14 of gestation until delivery, pregnant women consumed daily 25 g margarine supplying either 2.8 g ALA + 9.0 g LA (n = 29) or 10.9 g LA (n = 29). Venous blood was collected for plasma phospholipid fatty acid analyses at weeks 14, 26, and 36 of pregnancy, at delivery, and at 32 wk postpartum. Umbilical cord blood and vascular tissue samples were collected to study neonatal fatty acid status also. Pregnancy outcome variables were assessed. RESULTS ALA+LA supplementation did not prevent decreases in maternal DHA and AA concentrations during pregnancy and, compared with LA supplementation, did not increase maternal and neonatal DHA concentrations but significantly increased eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) concentrations. In addition, ALA+LA supplementation lowered neonatal AA status. No significant differences in pregnancy outcome variables were found. CONCLUSIONS Maternal ALA+LA supplementation did not promote neonatal DHA+AA status. The lower concentrations of Osbond acid (22:5n-6) in maternal plasma phospholipids and umbilical arterial wall phospholipids with ALA+LA supplementation than with LA supplementation suggest only that functional DHA status improves with ALA+LA supplementation.
-
6.
Thyroid stimulating hormone levels in cord blood are not influenced by non-thyroidal mothers' diseases.
Ward, LS, Kunii, IS, de Barros Maciel, RM
Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina. 2000;(5):144-7
Abstract
CONTEXT Screening programs not only offer the opportunity to trace and treat almost all cases of congenital hypothyroidism but also mean large savings to the health system. However, carefully planned strategies are necessary to extend their benefits and reduce costs. OBJECTIVE To determine the possible influence of maternal diseases that affect maternal-fetal placenta dynamics on primary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screening for congenital hypothyroidism. DESIGN Prospective non-randomized clinical trial with at least 3 months of follow-up. SETTING A public university referral center [CAISM/Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP]. PARTICIPANTS 415 neonates divided into 5 groups: eighty-three infants born from cardiac mothers; 98 from mothers that had toxemia; 54 of the mothers had diabetes mellitus; 40 were HIV positive and 140 had no diseases. INTERVENTION All newborns had cord blood samples collected on filter paper at birth. MAIN MEASUREMENTS TSH was measured from dried blood spots using a homemade immunofluorescence assay (sensitivity in dried blood spots = 0.1 mU/L). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the mean TSH levels among the 5 groups. Moreover, TSH levels were around 5 mU/L in 48% of the newborns, indicating that our region is severely deficient in iodine. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that primary TSH screening programs using cord blood are not affected by maternal diseases. We suggest that, besides its technical advantages over heel punctures with T4 primary approaches, neonatal screening using primary cord blood TSH may also be used as a monitoring tool for evaluation and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).