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The investigation of diet recovery after distal gastrectomy.
Kim, TH, Lee, YJ, Bae, K, Park, JH, Hong, SC, Jung, EJ, Ju, YT, Jeong, CY, Park, TJ, Park, M, et al
Medicine. 2019;(41):e17543
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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the adaptation process of the alimentary tract after distal gastrectomy and understand the impact of remnant stomach volume (RSV) on diet recovery.One year after gastrectomy, although patients' oral intake had increased, the RSV was decreased and small bowel motility was enhanced. Patients with a larger RSV showed no additional benefits regarding nutritional outcomes.We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent distal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction to treat gastric cancer at a tertiary hospital cancer center between September 2009 and February 2012. Demographic data, diet questionnaires, computed tomography (CT), and contrast fluoroscopy findings were collected. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the RSV calculated using CT gastric volume measurements (large vs small). Dietary habits and nutritional status were compared between the groups.Seventy-eight patients were enrolled. Diet volume recovered to 90% of baseline by the 36 postoperative month, and RSV was 70% of baseline at 6 months after surgery and gradually decreased over time. One year after surgery, small bowel transit time was 75% compared to the 1st postoperative month (P < .05); however, transit time in the esophagus and remnant stomach showed no change in any studied interval. Compared to patients with a small RSV, those with a large RSV showed no differences in diet volume, habits, or other nutritional benefits (P > .05).Diet recovery for distal gastrectomy patients was achieved by increased small bowel motility. The size of the remnant stomach showed no positive impact on nutritional outcomes.
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Objective evaluation of clinical outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for middle-third early gastric cancer.
Xia, X, Xu, J, Zhu, C, Cao, H, Yu, F, Zhao, G
BMC cancer. 2019;(1):481
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LAPPG) is a minimally invasive function-preserving surgery for early gastric cancer. This study was designed to investigate the clinical outcomes between LAPPG and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) by objective evaluation. METHODS A total 167 pT1N0M0 gastric cancer patients underwent LAPPG(n = 70) and LADG(n = 97) were retrospectively analyzed. By evaluating the functional advantages, objective short-term and one year follow-up outcomes were compared. RESULTS There is no significant difference in perioperative clinical characteristics as well as pathologic results between LAPPG and LADG group while the cost is higher in latter(p = 0.004). The Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher complications were 15.7 and 13.4% in LAPPG and LADG group respectively(p = 0.824). In one year follow-up, nutritional status was significantly better in LAPPG group accompanied by better pylorus function preserving. CONCLUSION LAPPG is an acceptable surgical procedure for pT1N0M0 middle portion gastric cancer patients in terms of nutritional and economic advantage. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR-PIC-17012358 , Date of Registration:2017-08-14).
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Sleeve gastrectomy surgery: when 2 alcoholic drinks are converted to 4.
Acevedo, MB, Eagon, JC, Bartholow, BD, Klein, S, Bucholz, KK, Pepino, MY
Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery. 2018;(3):277-283
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BACKGROUND While it is well established that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) causes a rapid and heightened peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), results from previous studies on the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on alcohol pharmacokinetics are conflicting. Data from 2 studies found SG did not affect BAC, whereas another study found SG caused a heightened peak BAC after alcohol ingestion. Moreover, these 3 studies estimated BAC from breathalyzers, which might not reliably estimate peak BAC. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) the effect of SG, relative to RYGB and a presurgery group, on alcohol pharmacokinetics and subjective effects, and (2) whether breathalyzers are reliable in this population. SETTING Single-center prospective nonrandomized trial. METHODS We performed alcohol challenge tests in 11 women who had SG surgery 1.9 ± .1 years ago (body mass index = 35.1 ± 6.6 kg/m2), 8 women who had RYGB surgery 2.2 ± .4 years ago (body mass index = 30.0 ± 5.2 kg/m2), and 9 women who were scheduled for bariatric surgery (body mass index = 44.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2). BACs were estimated from breath samples and measured by gas chromatography at various times after consuming approximately 2 standard drinks. RESULTS BAC increased faster, peak BAC was approximately 2-fold higher, and feelings of drunkenness were heightened in both SG and RYGB groups relative to the presurgery group (P values<.001). BAC estimated from breath samples underestimated BAC by 27% (standard deviation = 13%) and missed peak BACs postsurgery. CONCLUSIONS SG, similar to RYGB, causes marked alterations in the response to alcohol ingestion manifested by a faster and higher peak BAC. The breathalyzer is invalid to assess effects of gastric surgeries on pharmacokinetics of ingested alcohol.
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Impact of preoperative anemia on outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for gastric cancer: a single-institution retrospective analysis of 2163 Chinese patients.
Liu, X, Qiu, H, Huang, Y, Xu, D, Li, W, Li, Y, Chen, Y, Zhou, Z, Sun, X
Cancer medicine. 2018;(2):360-369
Abstract
We sought to evaluate whether preoperative anemia was an important determinant of survival in gastric cancer (GC). A single institution cohort of 2163 GC patients who underwent curative resection were retrospectively analyzed. Anemia was defined as a preoperative hemoglobin level <120 g/L in males and <110 g/L in females. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was performed to identify the independent prognostic factor. Anemic patients had a poorer OS compared with nonanemic patients after resection for tumor-nodes-metastasis (TNM) stage III tumors (5-year OS rate: 32.2% vs. 45.7%, P < 0.001) but not stage I (P = 0.480) or stage II (P = 0.917) tumors. Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative anemia was an independent prognostic factor in TNM stage III (hazard ratio [HR], 1.771; 95% CI, 1.040-3.015; P = 0.035). In a stage-stratified analysis, preoperative anemia was still independently associated with OS in TNM stages IIIa through IIIc (P < 0.001, P = 0.075, and P = 0.012, respectively), though the association was only marginal in stage IIIb. Of note, preoperative mild anemia had a similar prognostic value in TNM stage III GC. Furthermore, preoperative anemia was significantly associated with more perioperative transfusions, postoperative complications and several nutritional-based indices, including the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), preoperative weight loss and performance status (all P < 0.05). Preoperative anemia, even mild anemia, was an important predictor of postoperative survival for TNM stage III GC.
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Effect of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose on Hemoglobin Response Among Patients With Acute Isovolemic Anemia Following Gastrectomy: The FAIRY Randomized Clinical Trial.
Kim, YW, Bae, JM, Park, YK, Yang, HK, Yu, W, Yook, JH, Noh, SH, Han, M, Ryu, KW, Sohn, TS, et al
JAMA. 2017;(20):2097-2104
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IMPORTANCE Acute isovolemic anemia occurs when blood loss is replaced with fluid. It is often observed after surgery and negatively influences short-term and long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose to treat acute isovolemic anemia following gastrectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The FAIRY trial was a patient-blinded, randomized, phase 3, placebo-controlled, 12-week study conducted between February 4, 2013, and December 15, 2015, in 7 centers across the Republic of Korea. Patients with a serum hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL to less than 10 g/dL at 5 to 7 days following radical gastrectomy were included. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive a 1-time or 2-time injection of 500 mg or 1000 mg of ferric carboxymaltose according to body weight (ferric carboxymaltose group, 228 patients) or normal saline (placebo group, 226 patients). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was the number of hemoglobin responders, defined as a hemoglobin increase of 2 g/dL or more from baseline, a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL or more, or both at week 12. Secondary end points included changes in hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin saturation levels over time, percentage of patients requiring alternative anemia management (oral iron, transfusion, or both), and quality of life at weeks 3 and 12. RESULTS Among 454 patients who were randomized (mean age, 61.1 years; women, 54.8%; mean baseline hemoglobin level, 9.1 g/dL), 96.3% completed the trial. At week 12, the number of hemoglobin responders was significantly greater for ferric carboxymaltose vs placebo (92.2% [200 patients] for the ferric carboxymaltose group vs 54.0% [115 patients] for the placebo group; absolute difference, 38.2% [95% CI, 33.6%-42.8%]; P = .001). Compared with the placebo group, patients in the ferric carboxymaltose group experienced significantly greater improvements in serum ferritin level (week 12: 233.3 ng/mL for the ferric carboxymaltose group vs 53.4 ng/mL for the placebo group; absolute difference, 179.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 150.2-209.5]; P = .001) and transferrin saturation level (week 12: 35.0% for the ferric carboxymaltose group vs 19.3% for the placebo group; absolute difference, 15.7% [95% CI, 13.1%-18.3%]; P = .001); but there were no significant differences in quality of life. Patients in the ferric carboxymaltose group required less alternative anemia management than patients in the placebo group (1.4% for the ferric carboxymaltose group vs 6.9% for the placebo group; absolute difference, 5.5% [95% CI, 3.3%-7.6%]; P = .006). The total rate of adverse events was higher in the ferric carboxymaltose group (15 patients [6.8%], including injection site reactions [5 patients] and urticaria [5 patients]) than the placebo group (1 patient [0.4%]), but no severe adverse events were reported in either group. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Among adults with isovolemic anemia following radical gastrectomy, the use of ferric carboxymaltose compared with placebo was more likely to result in improved hemoglobin response at 12 weeks. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01725789.
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Changes in obesity-related diseases and biochemical variables after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a two-year follow-up study.
Våge, V, Sande, VA, Mellgren, G, Laukeland, C, Behme, J, Andersen, JR
BMC surgery. 2014;:8
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate changes in obesity-related diseases and micronutrients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS We started the procedure in May 2007, and by December 2011, 117 patients could be evaluated for a two year follow-up. Comparisons of preoperative status with 12 and 24 months postoperative status were made for body mass index (BMI), obesity-related diseases and micronutrients. RESULTS Major complications included bleeding requiring transfusion at 5.1%, leak at 1.7% and abscess without a visible leak at 0.9%. Mean BMI was reduced from 46.6 (standard deviation (SD) 6.0) kg/m2 to 30.6 (SD 5.6) kg/m2 at two years, and resolution occurred for 80.7% of patients with type 2 diabetes, 63.9% with hypertension, 75.8% with hyperlipidemia, 93.0% with sleep apnea, 31.4% with musculoskeletal pain, 85.4% with snoring and 73.3% with urinary incontinence. Amenorrhea resolved in all premenopausal females. The proportion of patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease increased from 12.8% to 27.4%. The prevalence of patients with low ferritin-levels increased, while 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency decreased postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS LSG is an effective procedure for morbid obesity and obesity-related diseases, but the technique should be further explored particularly to avoid gastroesophageal reflux.
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Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with a hand-sewn esophago-gastric anastomosis using a knifeless endoscopic linear stapler.
Okabe, H, Obama, K, Tanaka, E, Tsunoda, S, Akagami, M, Sakai, Y
Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. 2013;(2):268-74
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Proximal gastrectomy has been applied for selected patients with early upper gastric cancer, because of its potential advantages over total gastrectomy, such as preserving gastric capacity and entailing fewer hormonal and nutritional deficiencies. Esophago-gastric anastomosis is a simple reconstruction method with an excellent postoperative outcome provided that gastroesophageal reflux is properly prevented. Following open surgery, the esophagus is anastomosed to the anterior stomach wall with partial fundoplication to prevent esophageal reflux. We developed a novel laparoscopic hand-sewn method to reproduce the anti-reflux procedure that is used in open surgery. The esophagus is first fixed to the anterior stomach wall with a knifeless endoscopic linear stapler. This fixation contributes to maintaining a stable field for easier hand-sewn anastomosis, and allows us to complete the left side of the fundoplication at the same time. This novel technique was used to successfully perform complete laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with a hand-sewn esophago-gastric anastomosis in ten patients, without any postoperative complications. No patient had symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during a median follow-up period of 19.9 months. One patient developed anastomotic stenosis, and this was resolved with endoscopic dilatation. The mean percent body weight loss at 12 months after surgery, in comparison to the preoperative weight, was 10.4 %. Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with an esophago-gastric anastomosis using our novel technique would be a feasible choice would be a feasible choice and would show benefit for selected patients with early upper gastric cancer.
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Updated analysis of SWOG-directed intergroup study 0116: a phase III trial of adjuvant radiochemotherapy versus observation after curative gastric cancer resection.
Smalley, SR, Benedetti, JK, Haller, DG, Hundahl, SA, Estes, NC, Ajani, JA, Gunderson, LL, Goldman, B, Martenson, JA, Jessup, JM, et al
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2012;(19):2327-33
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PURPOSE Surgical resection of gastric cancer has produced suboptimal survival despite multiple randomized trials that used postoperative chemotherapy or more aggressive surgical procedures. We performed a randomized phase III trial of postoperative radiochemotherapy in those at moderate risk of locoregional failure (LRF) following surgery. We originally reported results with 4-year median follow-up. This update, with a more than 10-year median follow-up, presents data on failure patterns and second malignancies and explores selected subset analyses. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 559 patients with primaries ≥ T3 and/or node-positive gastric cancer were randomly assigned to observation versus radiochemotherapy after R0 resection. Fluorouracil and leucovorin were administered before, during, and after radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was given to all LRF sites to a dose of 45 Gy. RESULTS Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) data demonstrate continued strong benefit from postoperative radiochemotherapy. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS is 1.32 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.60; P = .0046). The HR for RFS is 1.51 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.83; P < .001). Adjuvant radiochemotherapy produced substantial reduction in both overall relapse and locoregional relapse. Second malignancies were observed in 21 patients with radiotherapy versus eight with observation (P = .21). Subset analyses show robust treatment benefit in most subsets, with the exception of patients with diffuse histology who exhibited minimal nonsignificant treatment effect. CONCLUSION Intergroup 0116 (INT-0116) demonstrates strong persistent benefit from adjuvant radiochemotherapy. Toxicities, including second malignancies, appear acceptable, given the magnitude of RFS and OS improvement. LRF reduction may account for the majority of overall relapse reduction. Adjuvant radiochemotherapy remains a rational standard therapy for curatively resected gastric cancer with primaries T3 or greater and/or positive nodes.
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Preventing prolonged post-operative ileus in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy.
Chan, DC, Liu, YC, Chen, CJ, Yu, JC, Chu, HC, Chen, FC, Chen, TW, Hsieh, HF, Chang, TM, Shen, KL
World journal of gastroenterology. 2005;(31):4776-81
Abstract
AIM: To assess the efficacy of metoclopramide (Met) for prevention of prolonged post-operative ileus in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (IPC). METHODS Thirty-two advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and IPC were allocated to two groups. Sixteen patients received Met immediately after operation (group A), and 16 did not (group B). Another 16 patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy without IPC were enrolled as the control group (group C). All patients had received epidural pain control. The primary endpoints were time to first post-operative flatus and time until oral feeding with a soft diet without discomfort. Secondary endpoints were early complications during hospitalization. RESULTS Gender, the type of resection, operating time, blood loss, tumor status and amount of narcotics were comparable in the three groups. However, the group C patients were older than those in groups A and B (67.5+/-17.7 vs 56.8+/-13.2, 57.5+/-11.7 years, P = 0.048). First bowel flatus occurred after 4.35+/-0.93 d in group A, 4.94+/-1.37 d in group B, and 4.71+/-1.22 d in group C (P>0.05). Oral feeding of a soft diet was tolerated 7.21+/-1.92 d after operation in group A, 10.15+/-2.17 d in group B, and 7.53+/-1.35 d in group C (groups A and C vs group B, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in respect to the first flatus among the three groups. However, the time of tolerating oral intake with soft food in groups A and C patients was significantly shorter than that in group B patients. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly lower in group C and there was a more prominent and prolonged response in CRP level in patients undergoing IPC. The incidence of post-operative complications was similar in the three groups except for prolonged post-operative ileus. There was no increased risk of anastomotic leakage in patients receiving Met. CONCLUSION The results suggest that a combination of intravenous Met and epidural pain control may be required to achieve a considerable decrease in time to resumption of oral soft diet in advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy and IPC. Furthermore, the administration of Met did not increase anastomotic leakage. Met has a role in the prevention of prolonged post-operative ileus.
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Changes in gallbladder motility in gastrectomized patients.
Hahm, J, Park, J, Cho, Y, Eun, C, Lee, Y, Choi, H, Yoon, B, Lee, M, Kee, C, Park, K, et al
The Korean journal of internal medicine. 2000;(1):19-24
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric resection may predispose gallstone formation. However, the mechanism has not been clearly understood. To evaluate the relationship between gastric resection and gallstone formation, we compared gallbladder(GB) motility in gastrectomized patients and control subjects. METHODS We compared the GB volume and ejection fraction of the 46 gastrectomized patients with 37 healthy controls using real time ultrasonography. RESULTS GB volume increased significantly in the gastrectomized group in fasting (30.2 +/- 13.9 ml). The GB volume after a fatty meal was greater in the gastrectomized group (12.6 +/- 6.4 ml) than in the control group (4.3 +/- 3.3 ml) (p < 0.01). A significant reduction of ejection fraction was found in gastrectomized patients (56.9 +/- 13.0%) in comparison with the control group (75.5 +/- 16.1%) (p < 0.01). The GB ejection fraction had a poor correlation to the postoperative period (r = 0.232). CONCLUSION A gastrectomy appears to be a risk factor of GB dysmotility, which may play a major role in gallstone formation in gastrectomized patients.