0
selected
-
1.
Prebiotics may reduce serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and ghrelin in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
da Silva Borges, D, Fernandes, R, Thives Mello, A, da Silva Fontoura, E, Soares Dos Santos, AR, Santos de Moraes Trindade, EB
Nutrition reviews. 2020;(3):235-248
Abstract
CONTEXT Biochemical markers correlate positively with the development and severity of obesity, depression, and anxiety, and can be modulated by changes in intestinal microbiota composition. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of prebiotics or synbiotics on blood biomarkers of obesity, depression, and anxiety (including: ACTH [adrenocorticotropic hormone], cortisol, leptin, ghrelin, TSH [thyroid-stimulating hormone], PTH [parathyroid hormone], vitamin D, BDNF [brain-derived neurotrophic factor], and PCR [polymerase chain reaction]) in individuals with overweight or obesity. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched, along with the reference lists of included articles. Authors were contacted for unpublished data. STUDY SELECTION RCT in individuals with overweight or obesity, supplemented with prebiotics or synbiotics, assessing any of the outcomes of interest. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted independently by three researchers. RESULTS Thirteen studies were identified up to March 7, 2018. Regarding outcomes, 1 study assessed leptin, 4 studies assessed ghrelin, and 10 studies assessed CRP (C-reactive protein). Meta-analysis showed reduction in serum concentrations of ghrelin (-37.17 pg/mL; 95%CI = -69.62, -4.73; P = 0.025) and CRP (SMD [standardized mean difference] = -0.31; 95%CI = -0.58, -0.04; P = 0.027) after supplementation of inulin-type fructans. CONCLUSIONS Prebiotics may help regulate blood concentrations of ghrelin and CRP in overweight or obese individuals.
-
2.
Meta-analysis of ghrelin alterations in schizophrenia: Effects of olanzapine.
Goetz, RL, Miller, BJ
Schizophrenia research. 2019;:21-26
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is associated with an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Patients receiving antipsychotic medications, including olanzapine, are at further risk. Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating peptide hormone, although whether blood levels are altered by antipsychotic treatment, remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing blood ghrelin levels in patients with schizophrenia before and after treatment with olanzapine. METHOD Two authors independently searched major electronic databases from inception until February 2018 for studies measuring blood ghrelin levels among patients with schizophrenia before and after olanzapine therapy. Random effects meta-analysis calculating standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and meta-regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Across these studies, there were 111 patients with schizophrenia (mean age 40, 85% male, baseline BMI 22, and endpoint BMI 23). Olanzapine treatment (mean [standard deviation] duration = 12.3 [7.6] weeks) was associated with a significant decrease in blood ghrelin levels with a medium effect size (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.08, p = 0.018). Age, sex, baseline BMI, geography, olanzapine dose and duration, year of publication, study quality, inpatient status, and antipsychotic washout did not moderate this association. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that in patients with schizophrenia, olanzapine therapy is associated with decreased blood ghrelin levels, a paradoxical phenomenon known to occur in obesity. Future studies should investigate the contribution of dietary factors (e.g., caloric intake) and physical activity to this association, as well as the effects of other antipsychotics on ghrelin levels.
-
3.
Appetite hormones in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review of observational studies.
Fayh, APT, Bezerra, ADL, Friedman, R
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2018;(1):201-210
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malnutrition in children with cancer is a significant risk factor for negative outcomes, but in the clinical practice setting, it is difficult to pinpoint which factors operate to cause substantial weight loss and malnutrition in a given patient. Appetite-related hormones like ghrelin and leptin are among possible mediators. However, only few studies have examined the role of these hormones in pediatric patients with cancer to date. Thus, the purpose of this study was to systematically review possible changes in the levels of appetite hormones, specially leptin and ghrelin, in pediatric patients with cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature using PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo, as well as manual bibliographical reference search of the studies. According to the Medical Subject Headings of the National Library of Medicine (MeSH), "childhood cancer", "ghrelin" and "leptin" were used as descriptors. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review published in English, from 2000 to 2015. A total of 863 patients were evaluated, ages ranging from 0 to 21 years, and most of the studies reported on children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors. Most studies analyzed leptin levels; only two studies evaluated levels of ghrelin. CONCLUSION This review confirms that changes in the responses of the ghrelin and leptin hormones in children and adolescents with cancer are quite diverse, probably due to the different types of cancer observed, different treatments performed and biological characteristics of this age group.
-
4.
Effect of green tea on plasma leptin and ghrelin levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Haghighatdoost, F, Nobakht M Gh, BF, Hariri, M
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). 2018;:17-23
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of green tea on serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations. METHODS We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar databases up to December 2016. The searches included RCTs conducted in human adults, and studies on the effect of green tea and green tea extract on serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations as outcome variables. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and standard errors (SEs) of changes in serum ghrelin and leptin levels were calculated. The random effects model was used to derive the summary mean estimates with their corresponding SEs. RESULTS Eleven RCTs were eligible to be included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis. Our analysis indicated that green tea did not significantly affect leptin and ghrelin concentrations in comparison to placebo (WMD = 1.28 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval: -0.49 to 3.05; P = 0.156, and WMD = 21.49 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: -40.86 to 83.84; P = 0.499, respectively). However, green tea was associated with an increase in leptin concentration in studies that lasted for more than 12 wk and an increase in ghrelin in women and non-Asians. CONCLUSIONS Green tea or green tea extract might not be able to change circulatory leptin and ghrelin levels, especially with short-term interventions. More RCTs with longer duration of treatment and higher doses are necessary to assess green tea's effect on fat mass and obesity hormones.
-
5.
The effects of hypoxia on hunger perceptions, appetite-related hormone concentrations and energy intake: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Matu, J, Gonzalez, JT, Ispoglou, T, Duckworth, L, Deighton, K
Appetite. 2018;:98-108
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia appears to depress appetite and energy intake, however the mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of changes in hunger and energy intake in hypoxic compared with normoxic environments, and establish any alterations in appetite-related hormone concentrations. PubMed and The Cochrane Library as well as MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and CINAHL, via EBSCOhost, were searched through 1st April 2017 for studies that evaluated hunger, energy intake and/or appetite-related hormones in normoxia and during hypoxic exposure in a within-measures design. A total of 28 studies (comprising 54 fasted and 22 postprandial comparisons) were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to establish standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Hypoxic exposure resulted in a trivial but significant decrease in postprandial hunger scores (SMD: -0.15, 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.01; n = 14; p = 0.043) and a moderate decrease in energy intake (SMD: -0.50, 95% CI: -0.85 to -0.15; n = 8; p = 0.006). Hypoxic exposure resulted in a decrease (albeit trivial) in postprandial acylated ghrelin concentrations (SMD: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.08; n = 7; p < 0.0005), and a moderate increase in fasted insulin concentrations (SMD: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.65; n = 34; p = 0.001). Meta-regression revealed a decrease in postprandial acylated ghrelin concentrations (p = 0.010) and an increase in fasted insulin concentrations (p = 0.020) as hypoxic severity increased. Hypoxic exposure reduces hunger and energy intake, which may be mediated by decreased circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin and elevated insulin concentrations. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015017231.