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Application of protection motivation theory (PMT) on skin cancer preventive behaviors amongst primary school students in rural areas of Fasa city-Iran.
Khani Jeihooni, A, Bashti, S, Erfanian, B, Ostovarfar, J, Afzali Hasirini, P
BMC cancer. 2022;(1):21
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering that exposure to sunlight in childhood and adolescence has an important role in skin cancer, so it seems that training protective behaviors in this period is more effective. OBJECTIVES To survey the application of protection motivation theory (PMT) on skin cancer preventive behaviors among students in rural areas of Fasa city, Iran. METHODS This study was done in two stages: Phase I of this study, the descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 to investigate the predictive value of the protection motivation theory on skin cancer preventive behaviors. In the second stage, a quasi-experimental interventional study was conducted on 400 primary school students in 2019. The educational intervention was performed in the experimental group for 8 sessions. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and protection motivation theory before and six months after the intervention. RESULTS The constructs of protection motivation theory predicted 58.6% of skin cancer preventive behaviors. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, reward, fear, protection motivation, response efficacy, self-efficacy, response costs, and the skin cancer preventive behaviors in before the intervention (p > 0.05). However, six months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in each of the mentioned constructs and skin cancer protective behaviors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed the effectiveness of the intervention based on the PMT constructs in adoption of skin cancer preventive behaviors in 6 months' post intervention in primary school students.
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Impacts of a School-Based Intervention That Incorporates Nutrition Education and a Supportive Healthy School Canteen Environment among Primary School Children in Malaysia.
Teo, CH, Chin, YS, Lim, PY, Masrom, SAH, Shariff, ZM
Nutrients. 2021;(5)
Abstract
In this study, a school nutrition program (SNP) that incorporates nutrition education and a healthy school canteen environment was developed to improve nutrition knowledge among intervention respondents and provide a healthier environment for them to practice healthy eating. In the current study, we evaluated the impacts of the SNP on eating behaviors, physical activity, body mass index-for-age (BAZ), and cognitive performance at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up points between intervention and comparison groups. This intervention study involved 523 primary school children (7-11 years old) from six selected schools in Batu Pahat District, Malaysia. Each respondent completed anthropometric and cognitive performance assessments and a set of standardized questionnaire at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up points. Multiple linear mixed model analysis was performed to determine the impacts of that SNP after being adjusted for covariates. After the program, the intervention group increased their frequency of breakfast, lunch, and dinner consumption and morning tea snacking and showed more frequent physical activity and better cognitive performance as compared to the comparison group overtime (p < 0.05). At 3-month follow-up, the intervention group showed lower BAZ scores than their comparison counterparts (p < 0.05). The SNP showed positive effects on eating behaviors, physical activity, BAZ, and cognitive performance in school children. Hence, the SNP is highly recommended for all primary school children.
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Intervention Effects on Latinas' Physical Activity and Other Health Indicators.
Ayala, GX, Molina, M, Madanat, H, Nichols, JF, McKenzie, TL, Ji, M, Holguin, M, Cuestas, L, Sumek, C, Labarca, C, et al
American journal of preventive medicine. 2017;(3 Suppl 3):S279-S283
Abstract
INTRODUCTION U.S. Latinas do not engage in sufficient leisure-time physical activity. This study examined whether adding promotor-facilitated healthy lifestyle classes to an exercise intervention would promote exercise session attendance and improve health indicators. METHODS The Familias Sanas y Activas II (Healthy and Active Families II) study used a within-subjects, longitudinal design, with measures at baseline and at 6 and 12 months post-baseline. The intervention was developed by the San Diego Prevention Research Center and implemented between May 2011 and June 2014 in South San Diego County. Three organizations each hired a part-time coordinator and trained volunteer promotores (six to ten per organization) to deliver the intervention in various community locations. A convenience sample of 442 Latinas were in the evaluation cohort. Measured variables included a step test, blood pressure, waist circumference, height, and weight; physical activity was self-reported. RESULTS Attendance at healthy lifestyle classes was positively associated with exercise session attendance (p≤0.001). Mixed effects models showed improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p≤0.001); waist circumference (p≤0.001); weight (p≤0.05); and BMI (p≤0.05) between baseline and 12 months. At 12 months, fewer participants met clinical guidelines for being hypertensive and having an at-risk waist circumference. Exercise session attendance was associated with improved fitness (p≤0.05) and increased self-reported MET minutes of leisure-time physical activity (p≤0.01). CONCLUSIONS The intervention represents an effective strategy for improving the health status of Latinas, a population with significant health disparities, including high obesity rates. Research efforts are needed to assess methods for scaling up such interventions.
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Cardiovascular health education intervention in the Prison of Soria.
Martínez-Delgado, MM, Ramírez-López, C
Revista espanola de sanidad penitenciaria. 2016;(1):5-11
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To promote awareness of healthy lifestyles, to help decrease the risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, through Health Education (HE). MATERIAL AND METHODS Between November and December 2014 in the prison of Soria, HE intervention in cardiovascular diseases was performed. Participation was offered to 160 inmates at the Prison. The intervention consisted of individual interviews with anthropometric assessment and review of medical records and three group sessions with theoretical and practical content of these diseases, as well as dietary recommendations, Mediterranean diet and exercise. Knowledge gained from surveys conducted for that purpose was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 33 (21%) of 160. Average age 38.2 (35.2 to 41.3). PREVALENCE Normal weight (BMI 18 to 24.9) 18 (54.5%), overweight BMI (25.0 to 29.9) 11 (33.3%), obesity (IBMI from 30) 4 (12. 1%). Cardiovascular risk (CVR) as ICC (waist hip ratio) 10 (30%) high risk, REGICOR 4 (12.1%) moderate risk. Relative risk of comorbidity in 2 (6.0%) had a slightly increased risk, 4 (12.1%) had increased risk. CONCLUSIONS HE interventions are necessary and effective in modifying lifestyles. The calculation of CVT should serve to implement preventive measures to reduce the factors of cardiovascular risk.
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Summer and follow-up interventions to affect adiposity with mothers and daughters.
Olvera, N, Leung, P, Kellam, SF, Smith, DW, Liu, J
American journal of preventive medicine. 2013;(3 Suppl 3):S258-66
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of effective obesity interventions to reduce adiposity indicators in Latina girls is a public health priority because of their increased risk for becoming overweight. Research indicates that the summer season may be a critical time to intervene because summer exacerbates children's risk for excessive weight gain and increased body fat development. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine if summer and follow-up interventions reduce adiposity in Latina girls; (2) to assess if such interventions reduce adiposity in Latina girls after controlling for their mothers' adiposity measures. DESIGN This study had a non-experimental (one-group pre- and multiple post-intervention assessment) design. Following a 4-week healthy-lifestyle summer program, each mother-daughter pair participated in 12 weekly follow-up sessions. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 61 pairs of Latina girls and their mothers (N=122). Daughters' average age was 10.9 years (± 1.6 years) and mothers' average age was 38.0 years (± 1.6 years). All daughters and 92% of the mothers were categorized as overweight/obese. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percent body fat (%BF), abdominal fat, and height and weight measurements to calculate BMI were conducted at pre-intervention (M1 [baseline]) and three post-intervention time points (M2 [Month 2]; M3 [Month 3]; and M4 [Month 6]). Paired sample t-tests were used to assess the differences in adiposity among the daughters from M1 to M4. Repeated-measures ANCOVA tests were used to control for mother's adiposity. RESULTS Reductions of %BF (p<0.001); abdominal fat (p<0.05); and BMI (p<0.001) at M2 were found for the summer intervention, but no effects were found at M4. Maternal %BF, abdominal fat, and BMI did not have an impact on the daughters' adiposity indicators. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study revealed that a summer intervention appears to be effective in reducing adiposity in Latina girls, but the follow-up sessions did not result in sustaining continued reductions. Maternal measures did not influence their daughters' adiposity measures.
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An after-school dance and lifestyle education program reduces risk factors for heart disease and diabetes in elementary school children.
Hogg, J, Diaz, A, Del Cid, M, Mueller, C, Lipman, EG, Cheruvu, S, Chiu, YL, Vogiatzi, M, Nimkarn, S
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM. 2012;(5-6):509-16
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BACKGROUND Forty-three percent of New York City's (NYC) school-age children are overweight or obese, placing them at risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if an intensive after-school dance and lifestyle education program would reduce risk factors for heart disease, T2DM, and improve lifestyle choices. SUBJECTS Subject include 64 fourth- and fifth-grade students at an elementary school in NYC. METHODS Students received freestyle dance and lifestyle classes for 16 weeks and were evaluated for changes in body composition, endurance, biochemical measurements, and lifestyle choices. RESULTS Significant improvements in BMI percentiles were found among children in the overweight and obese categories as well as in endurance and biochemical measurements that reflect heart disease and diabetes risk. Improvement was also reported in lifestyle choices. CONCLUSION An intensive after-school dance and lifestyle education program can reduce risk factors for heart disease and T2DM and improve lifestyle choices among elementary school children.
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Community-based participatory approach to reduce breast cancer disparities in south Dallas.
Cardarelli, K, Jackson, R, Martin, M, Linnear, K, Lopez, R, Senteio, C, Weaver, P, Hill, A, Banda, J, Epperson-Brown, M, et al
Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action. 2011;(4):375-85
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BACKGROUND South Dallas experiences significant disparities in breast cancer mortality, with a high proportion of stage III and IV diagnoses. To address these rates, the Dallas Cancer Disparities Community Research Coalition created an educational intervention to promote breast health and early detection efforts. OBJECTIVES The goals of the intervention were to increase (a) knowledge regarding the chief contributing factors for breast cancer, (b) awareness of the importance of screening for early detection, and (c) the proportion of women who have engaged in appropriate breast cancer screening practices. METHODS Eligibility criteria for this nonrandomized, controlled trial included women age 40 and older, English-speaking, and having no personal history of cancer. Control participants received written breast health educational materials. Intervention participants attended 8 weekly sessions that included interactive educational materials, cooking demonstrations, and discussions emphasizing primary and secondary breast cancer prevention. All study participants completed a 1-hour survey at baseline and 4 months later. RESULTS There were 59 women were enrolled in the intervention and 60 in the control group. At follow-up, after controlling for baseline mammography status, women in the intervention group were 10.4 times more likely (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-36.4) to have received a screening mammogram in the last year compared with the control group. Intervention participants demonstrated statistically significantly higher rates of breast self-examination (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.0-8.6) and breast cancer knowledge (p=.003). CONCLUSION Lessons learned from this community-based participatory research (CBPR) study can be used to create sustainable cancer disparity reduction models that can be replicated in similar communities.
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School-based screening of the dietary intakes of third graders in rural Appalachian Ohio.
Hovland, JA, McLeod, SM, Duffrin, MW, Johanson, G, Berryman, DE
The Journal of school health. 2010;(11):536-43
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BACKGROUND Children in Appalachia are experiencing high levels of obesity, in large measure because of inferior diets. This study screened the dietary intake of third graders residing in 3 rural Appalachian counties in Ohio and determined whether the Food, Math, and Science Teaching Enhancement Resource Initiative (FoodMASTER) curriculum improved their dietary intake. METHODS Dietary intake was measured for 238 third graders at the beginning of the 2007 to 2008 school year and for 224 third graders at the end of that year. The FoodMASTER curriculum was delivered to 204 students (test group). Intake was measured using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire 2004. The final analysis included 138 students. RESULTS The FoodMASTER curriculum did not significantly affect the diets of the students in the test group, as no significant differences in intake of macronutrients, specific nutrients, or food groups were found between the test and control groups. Majorities of students did not meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance or Adequate Intakes for fiber, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin E. The students as a whole did not meet the MyPyramid recommendations for any food group, and nearly one fifth of their calories came from sweets. Significant differences in percentages of kilocalories from protein and sweets and in servings of fats, oils, and sweets were seen between groups of higher and lower socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Energy-dense foods are replacing healthy foods in the diets of Ohio children living in rural Appalachia. The prevalence of poor dietary intake in Appalachia warrants further nutrition interventions involving programming for nutrition, such as future FoodMASTER curricula.
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The effect of structured exercise classes and a lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in primary schoolchildren: an exploratory trial (The A-CLASS Project).
Henaghan, J, McWhannell, N, Foweather, L, Cable, NT, Batterham, AM, Stratton, G, George, KP
Pediatric exercise science. 2008;(2):169-80
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This exploratory trial evaluates the effect of a structured exercise (STEX) or lifestyle intervention (PASS) program upon cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors in children. Sixty-one schoolchildren were randomly assigned by school to an intervention or control (CON) condition. The effect of the STEX (compared with CON) was a mean benefit of -0.018 mm for average maximum carotid intimamedia thickness. The PASS intervention did not result in clinically important effects, and no other substantial changes were observed. Relatively high probability of clinically beneficial effects of the STEX intervention suggests that a larger, definitive randomized trial with longer follow-up is warranted.
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The application of an occupational therapy nutrition education programme for children who are obese.
Munguba, MC, Valdés, MT, da Silva, CA
Occupational therapy international. 2008;(1):56-70
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The aim of this study was to evaluate an occupational therapy nutrition education programme for children who are obese with the use of two interactive games. A quasi-experimental study was carried out at a municipal school in Fortaleza, Brazil. A convenient sample of 200 children ages 8-10 years old participated in the study. Data collection comprised a semi-structured interview, direct and structured observation, and focus group, comparing two interactive games based on the food pyramid (video game and board game) used individually and then combined. Both play activities were efficient in the mediation of nutritional concepts, with a preference for the board game. In the learning strategies, intrinsic motivation and metacognition were analysed. The attention strategy was most applied at the video game. We concluded that both games promoted the learning of nutritional concepts. We confirmed the effectiveness of the simultaneous application of interactive games in an interdisciplinary health environment. It is recommended that a larger sample should be used in evaluating the effectiveness of play and video games in teaching healthy nutrition to children in a school setting.