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Differences in circulating appetite-related hormone concentrations between younger and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Johnson, KO, Shannon, OM, Matu, J, Holliday, A, Ispoglou, T, Deighton, K
Aging clinical and experimental research. 2020;(7):1233-1244
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Abstract
Ageing is associated with reduced appetite and energy intakes. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified differences in circulating concentrations of appetite-related hormones between healthy older and younger adults. Six databases were searched through 12th June 2018 for studies that compared appetite-related hormone concentrations between older and younger adults. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and are presented as standardised mean difference (Hedges' g) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Thirty-five studies were included involving 710 older adults (mean ± SD; age: 73 ± 5 years) and 713 younger adults (age: 28 ± 7 years). Compared with younger adults, older adults exhibited higher fasted and postprandial concentrations of the anorectic hormones cholecystokinin (Fasted: SMD 0.41 (95% CI 0.24, 0.57); p < 0.001. Postprandial: SMD 0.41 (0.20, 0.62); p < 0.001), leptin [Fasted: SMD 1.23 (0.15, 2.30); p = 0.025. Postprandial: SMD 0.62 (0.23, 1.01); p = 0.002] and insulin [Fasted: SMD 0.24 (- 0.02, 0.50); p = 0.073. Postprandial: SMD 0.16 (0.01, 0.32); p = 0.043]. Higher postprandial concentrations of peptide-YY were also observed in older adults compared with younger adults [SMD 0.31 (- 0.03, 0.65); p = 0.075]. Compared with younger adults, older adults had lower energy intakes [SMD - 0.98 (- 1.74, - 0.22); p = 0.011], and lower hunger perceptions in the fasted [SMD - 1.00 (- 1.54, - 0.46); p < 0.001] and postprandial states [SMD - 0.31, (- 0.64, 0.02); p = 0.064]. Higher circulating concentrations of insulin, leptin, cholecystokinin and peptide-YY accord with reduced appetite and energy intakes in healthy older adults. Interventions to reduce circulating levels of these hormones may be beneficial for combatting the anorexia of ageing.
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The effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hormonal and inflammatory indices in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Shamasbi, SG, Ghanbari-Homayi, S, Mirghafourvand, M
European journal of nutrition. 2020;(2):433-450
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most prevalent endocrine disorders in women and can lead to many other disorders and chronic diseases. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome is important. Using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics supplementations to treat PCOS seems appropriate because of their useful effects and low complications. AIMS To assess the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hormonal indices such as testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone binding globulin, Free Androgen Index (FAI), and inflammatory indices, such as high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as the primary outcomes and the hirsutism score as the secondary outcome. METHODS All published articles from the beginning until 10 November 2018 in English (Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest) and Persian (SID and Magiran) databases were searched. The effect of interventions on the outcomes was reported with a standard mean difference (SMD) and confidence interval of 95%. In case of high heterogeneity, the random effect model was used instead of the fixed effect model. The statistical heterogeneity of the included clinical trials was tested using the Chi square test and I2. RESULTS Thirteen studies with 855 participants with PCOS(438 women in the intervention group and 417 women in the control group) were included in the meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the SHBG (SMD: 0.56; 95% CI 0.26-0.86; P = 0.0002) and NO (SMD: 0.38; 95% CI 0.09-0.68; P = 0.01) concentration increased significantly in the probiotics and synbiotics groups compared to the placebo group. FAI (SMD: - 0.58; 95% CI - 0.95 to - 0.21; P = 0.002) and MDA (SMD: - 0.76; 95% CI - 1.46 to - 0.05; P = 0.03) concentration in the probiotics and synbiotics groups reduced significantly compared to the placebo group. The results of meta-analyses on other hormonal and inflammatory indices such as testosterone, DHEAS, GSH, hsCRP, TAC, and hirsutism score showed that there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION Using synbiotics and probiotics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome improve hormonal (FAI, SHBG) and inflammatory (NO, MDA) indices in these patients.
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The impact of low advanced glycation end products diet on obesity and related hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sohouli, MH, Sharifi-Zahabi, E, Lari, A, Fatahi, S, Shidfar, F
Scientific reports. 2020;(1):22194
Abstract
Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) on obesity factors and related hormones in adults; results were conflicting. Therefore, a study was performed to assess the effect of low advanced glycation end products diet on obesity and related hormones. A comprehensive literature search without any limitation on language was conducted using the following bibliographical databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase up to October, 2019. From the eligible trials, 13 articles were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Our systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown a significant decrease in BMI (WMD: - 0.3 kg/m2; 95% CI: - 0.52, - 0.09, p = 0.005; I2 = 55.8%), weight (WMD: - 0.83 kg; 95% CI: - 1.55, - 0.10, p = 0.026; I2 = 67.0%), and leptin (WMD: - 19.85 ng/ml; 95% CI: - 29.88, - 9.82, p < 0.001; I2 = 81.8%) and an increase in adiponectin (WMD: 5.50 µg/ml; 95% CI: 1.33, 9.67, p = 0.010; I2 = 90.6%) levels after consumption of the low AGE diets compared to the high AGE diets. Also, the effect of intake of low AGE compared to high AGE diets was more pronounced in subgroup with duration > 8 weeks for the BMI and weight. Overall, according to our results, although low AGE diets appeared to be statistically significant in reducing the prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases compared to high consumption of dietary AGEs. But, no clinical significance was observed. Therefore, to confirm these results clinically, further prospective studies should be conducted in this regard. The study protocol was registered in the in International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database as CRD42020203734.
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Appetite hormones in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review of observational studies.
Fayh, APT, Bezerra, ADL, Friedman, R
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2018;(1):201-210
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malnutrition in children with cancer is a significant risk factor for negative outcomes, but in the clinical practice setting, it is difficult to pinpoint which factors operate to cause substantial weight loss and malnutrition in a given patient. Appetite-related hormones like ghrelin and leptin are among possible mediators. However, only few studies have examined the role of these hormones in pediatric patients with cancer to date. Thus, the purpose of this study was to systematically review possible changes in the levels of appetite hormones, specially leptin and ghrelin, in pediatric patients with cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature using PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo, as well as manual bibliographical reference search of the studies. According to the Medical Subject Headings of the National Library of Medicine (MeSH), "childhood cancer", "ghrelin" and "leptin" were used as descriptors. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review published in English, from 2000 to 2015. A total of 863 patients were evaluated, ages ranging from 0 to 21 years, and most of the studies reported on children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors. Most studies analyzed leptin levels; only two studies evaluated levels of ghrelin. CONCLUSION This review confirms that changes in the responses of the ghrelin and leptin hormones in children and adolescents with cancer are quite diverse, probably due to the different types of cancer observed, different treatments performed and biological characteristics of this age group.