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1.
The Course Of IGF-1 Levels and Nutrient Intake in Extremely and Very Preterm Infants During Hospitalisation.
Yumani, DFJ, Calor, AK, van Weissenbruch, MM
Nutrients. 2020;(3)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in the complex association between nutrition, growth, and maturation in extremely and very preterm infants. Nevertheless, in this population, research on associations between IGF-1 and nutrition is limited. Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the possible associations between the course of IGF-1 levels and nutrient intake between preterm birth and 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). METHODS 87 infants born between 24 and 32 weeks gestational age were followed up to 36 weeks PMA. Actual daily macronutrient intake was calculated, and growth was assessed weekly. IGF-1 was sampled from umbilical cord blood at birth and every other week thereafter. RESULTS There was an inverse relationship between the amount of parenteral nutrition in the second week of life and IGF-1. Total protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake, as well as total energy intake, primarily showed a positive association with IGF-1 levels, particularly between 30 and 33 weeks PMA. Gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and weight were significant confounders in the association between nutrient intake and IGF-1 levels. CONCLUSION Parenteral nutrition was found to be a negative predictor of IGF-1 levels, and there could potentially be a time frame in which macronutrient intake is unable to impact IGF-1 levels. Future research should aim to narrow down this time frame and to gain more insight into factors enhancing or decreasing the response of IGF-1 to nutrition, e.g., age and inflammatory state, to align nutritional interventions accordingly.
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2.
IGF-1/IGF-1R/FAK/YAP Transduction Signaling Prompts Growth Effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells.
Rigiracciolo, DC, Nohata, N, Lappano, R, Cirillo, F, Talia, M, Scordamaglia, D, Gutkind, JS, Maggiolini, M
Cells. 2020;(4)
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast tumor subtype that currently lacks targeted treatment options. The role played by the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its cognate receptor IGF-1R in TNBC has been reported. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which the IGF-1/IGF-1R system may contribute to TNBC progression still remains to be fully understood. By computational analysis of the vast cancer genomics information in public databases (TCGA and METABRIC), we obtained evidence that high IGF-1 or IGF-1R levels correlate with a worse clinical outcome in TNBC patients. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that both the focal adhesion and the Hippo pathways are enriched in TNBC harboring an elevated expression of IGF-1 or IGF-1R. Mechanistically, we found that in TNBC cells, the IGF-1/IGF-1R system promotes the activation of the FAK signal transduction pathway, which in turn regulates the nuclear accumulation of YAP (yes-associated protein/yes-related protein) and the expression of its target genes. At the biological level, we found that the IGF-1/IGF-1R-FAK-YAP network cascade triggers the growth potential of TNBC cells, as evaluated in different experimental systems. Overall, our results suggest that the IGF-1/IGF-1R/FAK/YAP axis may contribute to the progression of the aggressive TNBC subtype.
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3.
The effect of resistance training on serum insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jiang, Q, Lou, K, Hou, L, Lu, Y, Sun, L, Tan, SC, Low, TY, Kord-Varkaneh, H, Pang, S
Complementary therapies in medicine. 2020;:102360
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about the effects of resistance exercise on level of IGF-1 in the serum are conflicting. To resolve this inconsistency, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to precisely examine the effects of resistance exercise on the levels of serum IGF-1. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were systematically searched from their inceptions until 10 December 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing individuals who underwent resistance training and control participants. We applied a random-effects model to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD). RESULTS 33 trials reported IGF-1 level as an outcome measure. The pooled estimate demonstrated a significant increase in IGF-1 (WMD: 10.34 ng/ml, 95 % CI: 4.93, 15.74, p = 0.000, I2 = 90.3 %) after resistance training compared with the control group. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the increase in IGF-1 levels following resistance training was only statistically significant in treatment duration ≤16 weeks (WMD: 8.04 ng/ml), participants aged more than 60 years old (WMD: 9.84 ng/ml); and in women (WMD: 17.27 ng/ml). Subsequent analysis of the relationship between participants' age with plasma IGF-1 alterations revealed a U shape correlation in non-liner dose response, in which resistance training resulted in a declined IGF-1 level up to 40 years of age. Beyond 40 years old, the IGF-1 level was increased following resistance training. CONCLUSION We have successfully demonstrated that resistance training was associated with an increased IGF-1 level among those who received the training for ≤16 weeks, among participants older than 60 years old, and among women. Further studies are warranted to clarify the mechanisms underlying the influence of resistance training on IGF-1.
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4.
Effects of Dietary or Supplementary Micronutrients on Sex Hormones and IGF-1 in Middle and Older Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Janjuha, R, Bunn, D, Hayhoe, R, Hooper, L, Abdelhamid, A, Mahmood, S, Hayden-Case, J, Appleyard, W, Morris, S, Welch, A
Nutrients. 2020;(5)
Abstract
Observational research suggests that micronutrients may be protective for sarcopenia, a key health issue during ageing, potentially via effects on hormone synthesis and metabolism. We aimed to carry out a systematic review of RCTs investigating effects of increasing dietary or supplemental micronutrient intake on sex hormones and IGF-1 in individuals aged 45 years or older. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for RCTs reporting the effects of different micronutrients (vitamins A, C, D, or E; carotenoids; iron; copper; zinc; magnesium; selenium; and potassium) on sex hormones or IGF-1. Of the 26 RCTs identified, nine examined effects of vitamin D, nine of multi-nutrients, four of carotenoids, two of selenium, one of zinc, and one of vitamin E. For IGF-1 increasing vitamin D (MD: -0.53 nmol/L, 95% CI: -1.58, 0.52), multi-nutrients (MD: 0.60 nmol/L, 95% CI -1.12 to 2.33) and carotenoids (MD -1.32 nmol/L; 95% CI -2.76 to 0.11) had no significant effect on circulating concentrations. No significant effects on sex hormones of other micronutrients were found, but data were very limited. All trials had significant methodological limitations making effects of micronutrient supplementation on sex hormones unclear. Further high quality RCTs with physiological doses of micronutrients in people with low baseline intakes or circulating concentrations, using robust methodology, are required to assess effects of supplementation adequately.
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5.
Influence of Resistance Training Exercise Order on Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Anabolic Hormones in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Tomeleri, CM, Ribeiro, AS, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Souza, MF, Schiavoni, D, Junior, PS, Cavaglieri, CR, Cunha, PM, Venturini, D, et al
Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2020;(11):3103-3109
Abstract
Tomeleri, CM, Ribeiro, AS, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Souza, MF, Schiavoni, D, Junior, PS, Cavaglieri, CR, Cunha, PM, Venturini, D, Barbosa, DS, and Cyrino, ES. Influence of resistance training exercise order on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and anabolic hormones in older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3103-3109, 2020-The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) exercise order on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and anabolic hormones in older women. Forty-four older women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a nonexercise control group (CON, n = 15) and two RT groups that performed a 12-week RT program in a multijoint to single-joint order (MJ-SJ, n = 14), or in a single-joint to multijoint order (SJ-MJ, n = 15). The RT protocol (3×/week) encompassed 8 exercises, with 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions performed per exercise. One repetition maximum tests were used to evaluate muscle strength; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to estimate lean soft tissue. Both training groups showed significant and similar increases in muscle strength (MJ-SJ = 16.4%; SJ-MJ = 12.7%) and mass (MJ-SJ = 7.5%; SJ-MJ = 6.1%), whereas there were no significant changes in testosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1. The results suggest that both approaches are similarly effective in eliciting morphofunctional improvements in older women.
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6.
Effect of calorie restriction or protein intake on circulating levels of insulin like growth factor I in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kazemi, A, Speakman, JR, Soltani, S, Djafarian, K
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2020;(6):1705-1716
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and reductions in protein intake in rodents result in increased lifespan and reduced levels of IGF-1. However, the changes in IGF-1 in humans in response to CR and elevated protein intake are confused. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of Calorie restriction (CR) or increase in protein intake on IGF-1 in humans. The systematic review protocols have been developed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Two separate systematic searches were undertaken: first for the effect of CR and second on the effect of increase in protein intake on IGF-1. PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science databases were searched. In the meta-analysis of the calorie restriction studies, twelve studies met the inclusion criteria (8 clinical trials and 4 observational studies). The meta-analysis of both clinical trials and observational studies revealed no significant effect of CR on IGF-1 (clinical trials: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.002 ng/ml, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.14 ng/ml, p = 0.98; observational studies (SMD = -1.14 ng/ml, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.38 ng/ml, p = 0.003). In the meta-analysis of protein intake studies (six studies), a significant increase in circulating IGF-1 levels in response to increases in dietary protein was revealed (SMD = 0.4 ng/ml, 95% CI 0.18-0.61 ng/ml, p < 0.001). In conclusion, in humans, CR was not associated with a significant change in circulating IGF-1. However an increase in protein intake was associated with increased levels of circulating IGF-1. PROTOCOLS REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017073149 for the protein intake meta-analysis and CRD42016046260 for CR meta-analysis.
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7.
Role of the ketogenic diet in acute neurological diseases.
Arora, N, Mehta, TR
Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2020;:105727
Abstract
The current review outlines the role of ketogenic diet (KD) in the management of acute neurological conditions namely traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, status epilepticus and primary aggressive brain tumor. An overview of the scientific literature- both clinical and pre-clinical studies is presented along with the proposed mechanism of ketogenic diet. The review also describes different formulations of commercially available ketogenic diets along with the common adverse effects and dosing recommendations.
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8.
Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation for 12 weeks on serum levels of anabolic hormones, anaerobic power, and aerobic performance in active male subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Ramezani Ahmadi, A, Mohammadshahi, M, Alizadeh, A, Ahmadi Angali, K, Jahanshahi, A
European journal of sport science. 2020;(10):1355-1367
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Abstract
Maintenance of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) concentration at recommended levels is essential due to its role in the regulation of anabolic hormones and athletic performance. However, the results of the clinical experiments in athletes are controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplement on serum levels of anabolic hormones, cortisol, anaerobic and aerobic performance in active males. In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 46 active males randomly assigned to vitamin D3 supplement (VDS; 2000 IU/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. The Wingate test, VO2max, and serum levels of 25-OH-D, Parathyroid hormone (PTH), total testosterone, growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol were assessed. Subjects in the VDS group had a higher serum level of 25-OH-D (p = 0.004), VO2max (p = 0.016), and average power (p = 0.044) compared to the placebo at the end of the study. Also, lower levels of PTH (p = 0.004) and fatigue index (p < 0.001) were observed in VDS group at the end of the study. The serum cortisol levels were reduced significantly only in subjects with vitamin D deficiency in VDS group (p = 0.042). There was a significant reduction in serum testosterone levels in VDS group (p = 0.013). No change was indicated in serum levels of GH and IGF-1 in VDS group compared to the placebo (p > 0.05). The present study showed an improvement in aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and vitamin D status following vitamin D3 supplementation. However, more studies are required for the effect of vitamin D3 on serum concentration of anabolic hormones.
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Bazedoxifene effects on osteoprotegerin, insulin-like growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and bone mineral density.
Ma, Y, Chai, Z, Ren, L, Hu, Q
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 2020;(3):109-112
Abstract
UNLABELLED To observe the clinical effect of estrogenic drugs (Bazedoxifene) on bone targeting in the treatment of osteoporosis and explore its mechanism. METHODS 112 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis who received Bazedoxifene drugs in our hospital from January to December 2018 were collected as a study group, and 56 patients treated with calcium alone were collected as a control group. the risk of adverse events such as bone mineral density, osteoprotegerin (OPG), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and fracture after treatment were analyzed before and after treatment. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the mean lumbar positive position (L2-4) and right femoral neck bone density and OPG, IGF, TNF-α level between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The total effective rate of clinical treatment in the study group was 88.39%, the control group was 23.21%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P˂0.05). After treatment, the mean lumbar positive position (L2-4) and the right femoral neck bone density and OPG, IGF in the study group were higher than those in the control group, lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). the occurrence of adverse events such as fracture, spinal deformation and fatigue in the study group after 12 months of treatment was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the occurrence of hot flashes and venous thromboembolism between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Bazedoxifene is an effective drug for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It can not only prevent the rapid loss of bone mass, effectively relieve the symptoms of menopause, but also improve bone density and reduce the risk of fracture.
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10.
Growth Hormone and Obesity.
Hjelholt, A, Høgild, M, Bak, AM, Arlien-Søborg, MC, Bæk, A, Jessen, N, Richelsen, B, Pedersen, SB, Møller, N, Lunde Jørgensen, JO
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2020;(2):239-250
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) exerts IGF-I dependent protein anabolic and direct lipolytic effects. Obesity reversibly suppresses GH secretion driven by elevated FFA levels, whereas serum IGF-I levels remain normal or elevated due to elevated portal insulin levels. Fasting in lean individuals suppresses hepatic IGF-I production and increases pituitary GH release, but this pattern is less pronounced in obesity. Fasting in obesity is associated with increased sensitivity to the insulin-antagonistic effects of GH. GH treatment in obesity induces a moderate reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean body mass but the therapeutic potential is uncertain.