-
1.
Acute consumption of Black walnuts increases fullness and decreases lipid peroxidation in humans.
Rodrigues, LL, Cooper, JA, Paton, CM
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.). 2019;:56-64
Abstract
Walnuts are a nutrient dense food, but most health research is on English walnuts (EW). Black walnuts (BW) contain a different antioxidant and fatty acid profile, and more protein, compared to EW. The purpose of the study was to compare postprandial responses following the consumption of 3 breakfast meals containing either butter (control), BW, or EW. We hypothesized that walnut-containing meals would mitigate post-meal increases in glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and lipid peroxidation while increasing TAC compared to the traditional meal without nuts. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the BW meal would exhibit greater TAC and subjective fullness while mitigating postprandial increases in lipid peroxidation better than the EW. This was a randomized, double-blind control crossover study in 30 healthy adults with three testing visits. At each visit, subjects consumed either the control, BW, or EW meal. Blood draws and visual analog scale appetite ratings were obtained at fasting, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min postprandially. The BW and EW meals resulted in greater suppression of appetite vs. control (P < .01 and P = .03, respectively), and the BW meal also increased fullness more than EW and control (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively). Finally, the BW meal also had a greater suppression of lipid peroxidation vs. control (P = .01). There were no other treatment differences in the other measures of appetite or for glycemia, triglycerides, or total antioxidant capacity. Substituting butter in a breakfast meal with BW or EW increased fullness; however, the BW meal was superior for suppressing overall appetite while also lowering postprandial lipid peroxidation.
-
2.
In major affective disorders, early life trauma predict increased nitro-oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and recurrence of major affective disorders, suicidal behaviors and a lowered quality of life.
Moraes, JB, Maes, M, Roomruangwong, C, Bonifacio, KL, Barbosa, DS, Vargas, HO, Anderson, G, Kubera, M, Carvalho, AF, Nunes, SOV
Metabolic brain disease. 2018;(4):1081-1096
Abstract
Early life trauma (ELT) may increase the risk towards bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD), disorders associated with activated neuro-oxidative and neuro-nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways. It has remained elusive whether ELTs are associated with O&NS and which ELTs are associated with distinct affective disorder phenotypes. This case-control study examined patients with BD (n = 68) and MDD (n = 37) and healthy controls (n = 66). The Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess specific ELT. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP); NO metabolites (NOx), paraoxonase 1 activity, zinc, albumin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and -SH groups and computed z-unit weighted composite scores. Physical neglect significantly predicts higher z-unit weighted composite scores of LOOH+SOD, LOOH+SOD+NOx, LOOH+SOD+NOx + MDA and LOOH+SOD+NOx + AOPP. Sexual abuse was associated with a significantly lower composite score of zinc+albumin+SH. Emotional abuse was associated with severity of depression and anxiety, number of depressive and manic episodes, alcohol and hypnotics use, lifetime suicidal behavior and lowered quality of life. Sexual abuse was associated with an increased risk towards BD, but not MDD. ELT, especially physical neglect, may drive increased (nitro-)oxidative stress coupled with lipid and protein oxidation, which - together with emotional abuse - may play a role in severity of illness, lowered quality of life and MDD. ELTs are also associated with the onset of BD, but this link did not appear to be related to activated O&NS pathways. These novel findings deserve confirmation in prospective studies.
-
3.
Cocoa ingestion protects plasma lipids in healthy males against ex vivo oxidative conditions: A randomized clinical trial.
Barrios, M, Orozco, LC, Stashenko, EE
Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2018;:1-7
Abstract
The effects of in vivo cocoa-based supplementation were studied as a preconditioning treatment for ex vivo acute oxidative conditions in a controlled randomized clinical trial. Subjects were 100 healthy young men at Universidad Industrial de Santander blinded to the intervention and divided into two groups: The intervention group (n = 50) receiving 30 g of cocoa powder and 50 g of dark chocolate/d for 1 week with the remaining subjects receiving placebo. Cocoa products preconditioning for 1 week resulted in modifications in the susceptibility of plasma lipids over ex vivo oxidative conditions with effects of i) a significant increase in the oxidative resistance of plasma lipids measured by dienes formation (4.2, CI: 0.18, 8.2; P = 0.04), and ii) a significant reduction in the production of toxic aldehydes as established by a decrease in the content of hexanal, quantified by gas chromatography (-0.22, CI: -0.38, -0.05; P = 0.009). The in vivo cocoa-based preconditioning demonstrated protective properties against ex vivo oxidative modifications, improving total plasma lipids resistance to oxidation and protecting plasma lipids against great acute oxidative insult in comparison with placebo. This trial was registered at clinical clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01347450.
-
4.
Effect of lithocholic acid on biologically active α,β-unsaturated aldehydes induced by H2O2 in glioma mitochondria for use in glioma treatment.
Wang, D, Bie, L, Su, Y, Xu, H, Zhang, F, Su, Y, Zhang, B
International journal of molecular medicine. 2018;(6):3195-3202
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Lithocholic acid (LCA) is known to kill glioma cells while sparing normal neuronal cells. However, the anti-glioma mechanism of LCA is unclear at present. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) is not specific to detect tumors, biologically active α,β-unsaturated aldehydes can be used to detect the outcome of gliomas, especially the mitochondria, as a research tool. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimum conditions for a lipid peroxidation model, according to changes in the aldehydes formed from the reaction between 2-thiobarbituric acid and biologically active α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Experimental methods and procedures were successfully established for a model of lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2 in glioma mitochondria for glioma treatment and optimum conditions for LCA treatment were determined. The optimal conditions for the model were a glioma mitochondrial concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, H2O2 concentration of 0.3 mg/ml, duration of action of 30 min, and addition of 4.0 ml of 46 mM thiobarbituric acid. The effect of LCA, as determined by changes in the UV peaks at 450, 495, and 532 nm, was optimal at a concentration of 100 µM, a duration of action of 15 min, and in an acidic microenvironment. The study concluded that a suitable concentration of LCA has anti-glioma effects as determined by the effect on changes in the UV peaks at 450, 495 and 532 nm and the mitochondrial model developed should be conducive to further in-depth research.
-
5.
Replacing carbohydrate during a glucose challenge with the egg white portion or whole eggs protects against postprandial impairments in vascular endothelial function in prediabetic men by limiting increases in glycaemia and lipid peroxidation.
McDonald, JD, Chitchumroonchokchai, C, Li, J, Mah, E, Labyk, AN, Reverri, EJ, Ballard, KD, Volek, JS, Bruno, RS
The British journal of nutrition. 2018;(3):259-270
Abstract
Eggs attenuate postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPH), which transiently impairs vascular endothelial function (VEF). We hypothesised that co-ingestion of a glucose challenge with egg-based meals would protect against glucose-induced impairments in VEF by attenuating PPH and oxidative stress. A randomised, cross-over study was conducted in prediabetic men (n 20) who ingested isoenegertic meals (1674 kJ (400 kcal)) containing 100 g glucose (GLU), or 75 g glucose with 1·5 whole eggs (EGG), seven egg whites (WHITE) or two egg yolks (YOLK). At 30 min intervals for 3 h, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), plasma glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin (CCK), lipids (total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol; TAG), F2-isoprostanes normalised to arachidonic acid (F2-IsoPs/AA), and methylglyoxal were assessed. In GLU, FMD decreased at 30-60 min and returned to baseline levels by 90 min. GLU-mediated decreases in FMD were attenuated at 30-60 min in EGG and WHITE. Compared with GLU, FMDAUC was higher in EGG and WHITE only. Relative to baseline, glucose increased at 30-120 min in GLU and YOLK but only at 30-90 min in EGG and WHITE. GlucoseAUC and insulinAUC were also lower in EGG and WHITE only. However, CCKAUC was higher in EGG and WHITE compared with GLU. Compared with GLU, F2-IsoPs/AAAUC was lower in EGG and WHITE but unaffected by YOLK. Postprandial lipids and methylglyoxal did not differ between treatments. Thus, replacing a portion of a glucose challenge with whole eggs or egg whites, but not yolks, limits postprandial impairments in VEF by attenuating increases in glycaemia and lipid peroxidation.
-
6.
Chronic consumption of quercetin reduces erythrocytes oxidative damage: Evaluation at resting and after eccentric exercise in humans.
Duranti, G, Ceci, R, Patrizio, F, Sgrò, P, Di Luigi, L, Sabatini, S, Felici, F, Bazzucchi, I
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.). 2018;:73-81
Abstract
The polyphenolic flavonoid quercetin has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant, in vitro and in murine models. However, its effect on redox status has been poorly examined in humans, particularly in combination with strenuous exercise. We hypothesized that quercetin supplementation would beneficially affect redox homeostasis in healthy individuals undergoing eccentric exercise. To test this hypothesis, the effects of chronic consumption of quercetin on glutathione system (reduced, oxidized, and reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio), oxidative damage [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs)], antioxidant enzymatic network (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and resistance to lysis, were investigated in erythrocytes, a traditional model widely used to study the effects of oxidative stress as well as the protective effects of antioxidants. In a two weeks controlled, randomized, crossover, intervention trial, 14 individuals ingested 2 caps (1 g/d) of quercetin or placebo. Blood samples were collected before, after 2 weeks of supplementation and after a bout of eccentric exercise. Quercetin, reduced significantly erythrocytes lipid peroxidation levels and the susceptibility to hemolysis induced by the free radical generator AAPH, while no differences in antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione homeostasis were found between the two groups. After a single bout of eccentric exercise, quercetin supplementation improved redox status as assessed by reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio analysis and reduced TBARs levels both in erythrocytes and plasma. In conclusion, our study provides evidences that chronic quercetin supplementation has antioxidant potential prior to and after a strenuous eccentric exercise thus making the erythrocytes capable to better cope with an oxidative insult.
-
7.
Magnesium Status and Its Association with Oxidative Stress in Obese Women.
Morais, JBS, Severo, JS, de Oliveira, ARS, Cruz, KJC, da Silva Dias, TM, de Assis, RC, Colli, C, do Nascimento Marreiro, D
Biological trace element research. 2017;(2):306-311
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between magnesium status and oxidative stress in obese and nonobese women. This cross-sectional study included 83 women, aged between 20 and 50 years, who were divided into two groups: the obese group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 52). The control group was age-matched with the obese group. Magnesium intake was monitored using 3-day food records and NutWin software version 1.5. The plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined as biomarkers for lipid peroxidation and therefore of oxidative stress. The mean values of the magnesium content in the diet were found to be lower than those recommended, though there was no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). The mean concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte magnesium were within the normal range, with no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). The mean concentration of plasma TBARS was higher in obese woman, and the difference between the groups was statistically different (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between erythrocyte magnesium and plasma TBARS in the obese group (p = 0.021). Obese patients ingest low dietary magnesium content, which does not seem to affect the plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of the mineral. The study showed a negative correlation between erythrocyte magnesium concentrations and plasma TBARS, suggesting the influence of magnesium status on the parameters of oxidative stress in obese women.
-
8.
Hesperidin Supplementation Alleviates Oxidative DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Homayouni, F, Haidari, F, Hedayati, M, Zakerkish, M, Ahmadi, K
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2017;(10):1539-1545
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of hesperidin supplement on the glycemic parameters, oxidative DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sixty-four patients were randomly allocated to receive 500 mg/day hesperidin or placebo capsules for 6 weeks. Data on glycemic parameters, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study. In hesperidin group, TAC increased (0.74 ± 0.16 vs. 0.82 ± 0.18), while serum froctoseamin (5.79 ± 5.86 vs. 5.01 ± 4.95; p = 0.001), 8-OHDG (14.32 ± 6.4 vs. 11.00 ± 7.0; p = 0.000), and MDA (5.78 ± 1.76 vs. 4.60 ± 0.75; p = 0.000) decreased in comparison with the baseline values. There was a significant difference in percent change of TAC (13.35 ± 19.21 vs. 3.13 ± 10.02; p = 0.043), froctoseamin (-10.10 ± 16.84 vs. 4.27 ± 34.646), 8-OHDG (-25.11 ± 28.23 vs. 8.69 ± 35.41; p = 0.000), and MDA (-16.46 ± 18.04 vs. -1.82 ± 22.63; p = 0.007) between hesperidin and control groups following intervention in adjusted models. These results suggest that hesperidin may improve TAC and alleviate serum froctoseamin, 8-OHDG, and MDA levels in type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
9.
Lipoxygenase inhibitors protect acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells from ferroptotic cell death.
Probst, L, Dächert, J, Schenk, B, Fulda, S
Biochemical pharmacology. 2017;:41-52
Abstract
Ferroptosis has recently been identified as a mode of programmed cell death. However, little is yet known about the signaling mechanism. Here, we report that lipoxygenases (LOX) contribute to the regulation of RSL3-induced ferroptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. We show that the glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor RSL3 triggers lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in ALL cells. All these events are impeded in the presence of Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a small-molecule inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Also, lipid peroxidation and ROS production precede the induction of cell death, underscoring their contribution to cell death upon exposure to RSL3. Importantly, LOX inhibitors, including the selective 12/15-LOX inhibitor Baicalein and the pan-LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), protect ALL cells from RSL3-stimulated lipid peroxidation, ROS generation and cell death, indicating that LOX contribute to ferroptosis. RSL3 triggers lipid peroxidation and cell death also in FAS-associated Death Domain (FADD)-deficient cells which are resistant to death receptor-induced apoptosis indicating that the induction of ferroptosis may bypass apoptosis resistance. By providing new insights into the molecular regulation of ferroptosis, our study contributes to the development of novel treatment strategies to reactivate programmed cell death in ALL.
-
10.
Effectiveness of a diet with low advanced glycation end products, in improving glycoxidation and lipid peroxidation: a long-term investigation in patients with chronic renal failure.
Chilelli, NC, Cremasco, D, Cosma, C, Ragazzi, E, Francini Pesenti, F, Bonfante, L, Lapolla, A
Endocrine. 2016;(2):552-555