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1.
The effects of chromium supplementation on lipidprofile in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trials.
Tarrahi, MJ, Tarrahi, MA, Rafiee, M, Mansourian, M
Pharmacological research. 2021;:105308
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on lipid profile consisting of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in humans. METHODS The PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of sciences, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were systematically searched for randomised control trails (RCTs) available which published before August 2020. The meta-analysis was conducted using Random or fixed-effects models, and between-study heterogeneity was assessed by I2. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies comprising 41 treatment arms and 7605 participants included to the present meta-analysis. Our results of overall analysis show only a significant reduction in serum TC level in response to chromium supplementation (WMD: -0.17 mmol/l, 95 % CI: -0.27, -0.07, P = 0.001). In accordance with the results of the subgroup analyses, the lowering-effect of chromium supplementation may be synergist during short-term (less than 12 weeks), low dose (less than 200), diabetics patient, younger adults (less than 54 years) and picolinate and elemental form for TC, older and non-obese subjects (>54 years and ≤ 29 kg/m2, respectively), women, Asian and Australian and picolinate form for TG, short-term, low dose, non-obese subjects, women, and Asian for VLDL, and nicotinate form for HDL-C, but had no effect on LDL-C. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis reveals that there was only an overall significant association between chromium supplementation with decreases in the concentration of TC. Additionally, we found considerable evidence of subgroup analysis that support a significant lowering effect of chromium supplementation on TC, TG and VLDL. Further RCTs with short-term and low dose chromium supplementation in subjects with diabetes are necessitated for a firm conclusion of the lipid-modulating properties.
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2.
Associations of the Polymorphisms in ADIPOQ with Circulating Levels of Adiponectin and Lipids: A Meta-Analysis.
Su, M, Jia, A, He, Y, Song, Y
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2021;(8):541-561
Abstract
The relationships between the rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms in adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and circulating levels of adiponectin and lipids remain to be clarified. Databases including PubMed and Embase were searched for eligible studies. The random-effects model was used, and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the differences in circulating levels of adiponectin and lipids between the subjects with different genotypes. A total of 12 810, 17 319, and 21 361 subjects were identified in the analyses for the rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms, respectively. G allele carriers of the rs266729 polymorphism had lower levels of adiponectin (SMD=-0.28, 95% CI=-0.43 to-0.12) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD=-0.10, 95% CI=-0.17 to-0.02) than CC homozygotes; T allele carriers of the rs1501299 polymorphism had higher levels of adiponectin (SMD=0.21, 95% CI=0.05 to 0.36) and HDL-C (SMD=0.09, 95% CI=0.04 to 0.15) and lower levels of triglycerides (SMD=-0.06, 95% CI=-0.12 to-0.01) than GG homozygotes; G allele carriers of the rs2241766 polymorphism had lower levels of adiponectin (SMD=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.31 to-0.05) and HDL-C (SMD=-0.12, 95% CI=-0.20 to-0.04) than TT homozygotes. This meta-analysis suggests that the rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms of ADIPOQ are significantly associated with circulating levels of adiponectin and lipids, which may partly explain the associations between these polymorphisms and coronary artery disease.
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3.
Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Barańska, A, Błaszczuk, A, Polz-Dacewicz, M, Kanadys, W, Malm, M, Janiszewska, M, Jędrych, M
Nutrients. 2021;(6)
Abstract
The aim of the report was to investigate the impact of soy protein and isoflavones on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes. The studies used in this report were identified by searching through the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (up to 2020). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the influence of covariates on net glycemic control and lipid changes. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using random-effect models. Changes in the lipid profile showed statistically significant decreases in total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations: ‒0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI, ‒0.33 to ‒0.09; p = 0.0008 and ‒0.20 mmol/L; 95% CI, ‒0.28 to ‒0.12; p < 0.0001, respectively, as well as in HDL-C (-0.02 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.01; p = 0.2008 and triacylglycerols (-0.19 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.48 to 0.09; p = 0.1884). At the same time, a meta-analysis of the included studies revealed statistically insignificant reduction in fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR (changes in glucose metabolism) after consumption of soy isoflavones. The observed ability of both extracted isoflavone and soy protein with isoflavones to modulate the lipid profile suggests benefits in preventing cardiovascular events in diabetic subjects. Further multicenter studies based on larger and longer duration studies are necessary to determine their beneficial effect on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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4.
Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis.
Mattioni Maturana, F, Martus, P, Zipfel, S, NIEß, AM
Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2021;(3):559-573
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate differences between high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, including high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, insulin and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function. METHODS Differences between HIIE and MICT were summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis on the effect size (Cohen's d). A meta-regression was conducted using the following subgroups: population, age, training duration, men ratio, exercise type, baseline values (clinical relevant ranges), and type of HIIE. Studies were included if at least one of the following outcomes were reported: maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), body mass index (BMI), body mass, percent body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A total of 55 studies were included. RESULTS Overall, HIIE was superior to MICT in improving V˙O2max (d = 0.40, P < 0.001) and FMD (d = 0.54, P < 0.05). Oppositely, MICT was superior to HIIE in improving HbA1c (d = -0.27, P < 0.05). No differences were observed in BMI (d = -0.02), body mass (d = -0.05), percent body fat (d = 0.04), systolic blood pressure (d = -0.04), diastolic blood pressure (d = 0.03), HDL (d = -0.05), LDL (d = 0.08), triglycerides (d = 0.03), total cholesterol (d = 0.14), CRP (d = -0.11), fasting insulin (d = 0.02), fasting glucose (d = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (d = -0.04). Moderator analyses indicated that the difference between HIIE and MICT was affected by different subgroups. CONCLUSION Overall, HIIE showed to be more effective in improving cardiovascular health and cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas MICT was superior in improving long-term glucose metabolism. In the process of personalized training counseling, health-enhancing effects of exercise training may be improved by considering the individual risk profiles.
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5.
Effect of Dietary Acetic Acid Supplementation on Plasma Glucose, Lipid Profiles, and Body Mass Index in Human Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Valdes, DS, So, D, Gill, PA, Kellow, NJ
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2021;(5):895-914
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetic acid is a short-chain fatty acid that has demonstrated biomedical potential as a dietary therapeutic agent for the management of chronic and metabolic illness comorbidities. In human beings, its consumption may improve glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in individuals with cardiometabolic conditions and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Published clinical trial evidence evaluating its sustained supplementation effects on metabolic outcomes is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized available evidence on potential therapeutic effects of dietary acetic acid supplementation via consumption of acetic acid-rich beverages and food sources on metabolic and anthropometric outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science from database inception until October 2020. Randomized controlled trials conducted in adults evaluating the effect of dietary acetic acid supplementation for a minimum of 1 week were included. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model on fasting blood glucose (FBG), triacylglycerol (TAG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by calculation of Q and I2 statistics, and publication bias was assessed by calculation of Egger's regression asymmetry and Begg's test. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included, involving 910 participants who consumed between 750 and 3600 mg acetic acid daily in interventions lasting an average of 8 weeks. Dietary acetic acid supplementation resulted in significant reductions in TAG concentrations in overweight and obese but otherwise healthy individuals (mean difference [MD] = -20.51 mg/dL [95% confidence intervals = -32.98, -8.04], P = .001) and people with type 2 diabetes (MD = -7.37 mg/dL [-10.15, -4.59], P < .001). Additionally, acetic acid supplementation significantly reduced FBG levels (MD = -35.73 mg/dL [-63.79, -7.67], P = .01) in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with placebo and low-dose comparators. No other changes were seen for other metabolic or anthropometric outcomes assessed. Five of the 16 studies did not specify the dose of acetic acid delivered, and no studies measured blood acetate concentrations. Only one study controlled for background acetic acid-rich food consumption during intervention periods. Most studies had an unclear or high risk of bias. CONCLUSION Supplementation with dietary acetic acid is well tolerated, has no adverse side effects, and has clinical potential to reduce plasma TAG and FBG concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to reduce TAG levels in people who are overweight or obese. No significant effects of dietary acetic acid consumption were seen on HbA1c, HDL, or anthropometric markers. High-quality, longer-term studies in larger cohorts are required to confirm whether dietary acetic acid can act as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in metabolic comorbidities management.
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6.
Raloxifene has favorable effects on the lipid profile in women explaining its beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Yang, F, Li, N, Gaman, MA, Wang, N
Pharmacological research. 2021;:105512
Abstract
There is robust evidence that the appropriate treatment of dyslipidaemia substantially reduces cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. Raloxifene is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator that also interferes with the lipid metabolism and may be of aid in the management of lipid abnormalities in females. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) exploring the effect of raloxifene on the lipid profile in women. The Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline and EMBASE databases were systematically and independently searched by two assessors from inception until 20 November 2020 without time and language restrictions. The overall findings were generated from 30 eligible RCTs. As compared to controls, raloxifene resulted in a significant elevation of the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 2.41 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.84-3.97, P = 0.003) and a significant reduction of the total cholesterol (TC) (WMD:-14.84 mg/dL, 95% CI: -20.37 to -9.317, P = 0.000) and of the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -17 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.77, -8.22, P = 0.000). In the stratified analysis, a significant decrease of serum triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -22.06 mg/dL) was achieved in the RCTs with a duration of ≤ 26 weeks (WMD -8.70 mg/dL) and with baseline TG concentrations of ≥ 130 mg/dL (WMD: -23.02 mg/dL). In conclusion, raloxifene treatment can increase HDL-C and lower LDL-C and TC. In terms of TG, a significant decrease can be observed if the administration of raloxifene lasts ≤ 26 weeks and if the baseline TG concentrations are ≥ 130 mg/dL.
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7.
Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on the Nutritional Parameters of Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
López-Espinoza, MÁ, Chacón-Moscoso, S, Sanduvete-Chaves, S, Ortega-Maureira, MJ, Barrientos-Bravo, T
Nutrients. 2021;(9)
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on biochemical parameters and nutritional status has been the subject of debate over the years, as several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) obtained different results. METHOD A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of RCTs comparing KD with a balanced diet was performed by means of a search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Trials where the method for measuring the response variables was unclear, those that considered pathologies other than chronic non-communicable diseases and those with participants receiving pharmacological treatment for obesity were excluded from the comparison. RESULTS Of the studies included in the meta-analysis, no statistically significant standardized mean differences were observed for body mass index (BMI) (d = -0.457, p = 0.359), total cholesterol, COL-T (d = 0.230, p = 0.591), high-density lipoprotein, HDL (d = -0.028, p = 0.934), low-density lipoprotein, LDL (d = 0.528, p = 0.173), or triglycerides, TG (d = -0.283, p = 0.222), with high values of heterogeneity. The percentage of women included in the studies is a significant moderating variable in terms of BMI ratio (z = -6.68, p < 0.001) and TG (z = -2.27, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION A KD shows no more benefits on nutritional parameters than a balanced diet, and adverse effects of being on the diet are sometimes reported.
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8.
Does letrozole treatment have favorable effects on the lipid profile? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Cai, T, Al-Jubairi, NN, Santos, HO, de Souza, IGO, Chen, Y
Steroids. 2021;:108875
Abstract
As an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole reduces estrogen levels, affecting lipid indices because of the positive role of estrogens in modulating lipoproteins and lipids. Thus, our aim was to meta-analyze data regarding letrozole administration and its effects on the traditional lipid profile. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were performed based on the PRISMA guidelines. Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and EMBASE databases were searched until February 11, 2021. From 341 potentially relevant publications, 8 RCTs were selected. All studies used 2.5 mg/d of letrozole. Total cholesterol changed significantly by -6.28 mg/dL (95% CI: -8.73, -3.84, P < 0.001) and HDL-C by -4.40 mg/dL (95% CI: -5.30 to -3.50, p < 0.001) in letrozole group when compared to the control group. Taking into account this comparison between groups, in contrast, LDL-C (WMD: -2.50 mg/dL, 95% CI: -9.94, 4.93, p = 0.510) and triglycerides (WMD: -0.89 mg/dL, 95% CI: -6.87 to 5.07, p = 0.768) did not alter. In conclusion, letrozole administration decreased the concentrations of HDL-C and tocal cholesterol, but not of triglycerides and LDL-C.
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9.
Effects of Soy Protein Containing of Isoflavones and Isoflavones Extract on Plasma Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women as a Potential Prevention Factor in Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Barańska, A, Błaszczuk, A, Kanadys, W, Baczewska, B, Jędrych, M, Wawryk-Gawda, E, Polz-Dacewicz, M
Nutrients. 2021;(8)
Abstract
The aim of the report was to evaluate the impact of soy protein containing isoflavones and soy isoflavones extract on lipid profile in postmenopausal women, as compared with placebo or protein of milk, casein or isolated soy protein with or without trace isoflavone content. We used the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Quantitative data synthesis was performed by applying a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to assess the modifiers of treatment response. In total, in the analysis studies, 2305 postmenopausal women took part. Changes in the lipid profile showed statistically significant decreases of total cholesterol by -0.12 (95% CI: -0.21, -0.03) mmol/L, -4.64 (95% CI: -8.12, -1.16) mg/dL, p = 0.01 and increased HDL-cholesterol by 0.03 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) mmol/L, 1.15 (95% CI: 0.00, 1.93) mg/dL, p = 0.05, as well as in LDL-cholesterol -0.05 (95% CI: -0.11, 0.01) mmol/L, -1.93 (95% CI: -4.25, 0.39) mg/dL, p = 0.08 and triacylglycerols -0.07 (95% CI: -0.14, 0.00) mmol/L, -6.123 (95% CI: -12.25, 0.00) mg/dL, p = 0.06. Our results suggests that soy and its isoflavones can be effective in correction changes in lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women and may favorably influence in preventing cardiovascular events.
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10.
Serum lipid profile in HCV patients treated with direct-acting antivirals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Villani, R, Di Cosimo, F, Romano, AD, Sangineto, M, Serviddio, G
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):13944
Abstract
Although direct-acting antivirals are very effective and safe drugs, several authors have reported the alteration of lipid profile during and after anti-HCV therapy suggesting a potential impact on the risk of cardiovascular events. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the magnitude and temporal trend of lipid profile changes in DAA treated patients. All selected studies included data on lipid profile before starting therapy and at least one follow-up assessment during or after antiviral treatment. We identified 14 studies (N = 1537 patients) after removing duplicates. Pooled data showed an increase in total cholesterol 4 weeks after starting therapy (+ 15.86 mg/dl; 95% CI + 9.68 to 22.05; p < 0.001) and 12 weeks after treatment completion (+ 17.05 mg/dl; 95% CI + 11.24 to 22.85; p < 0.001). LDL trend was similar to the total cholesterol change in overall analysis. A mean increase in HDL-cholesterol of 3.36 mg/dl (95% CI + 0.92 to 5.79; p = 0.07) was observed after 12 weeks of treatment, whereas at SVR24 HDL difference was + 4.34 mg/dl (95% CI + 1.40 to 7.28; p = 0.004).Triglycerides did not show significant changes during treatment and after treatment completion. DAAs induce mild lipid changes in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs, which may persist after treatment completion.