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1.
Muscle oxygenation induced by cycling exercise does not accelerate recovery kinetics following exercise-induced muscle damage in humans: A randomized cross-over study.
Abaïdia, AE, Cosyns, S, Dupont, G
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. 2019;:82-88
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of inducing muscle oxygenation using an intermittent cycling exercise on recovery kinetics after exercise-induced muscle damage. Ten soccer players performed single-leg knee flexors exercise: 75 eccentric contractions. The day after, subjects performed an intermittent cycling exercise of 12 min (15 s work - 15 s rest) or recovered passively in a balanced and randomized cross-over design. Force, single and double-leg countermovement jumps, muscle soreness, perceived recovery and creatine kinase concentrations were assessed through a 72 h period. Oxygenation during cycling was assessed using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Results showed an increase in knee flexors oxygenation using intermittent cycling (ΔHbO2 = 70.2 ± 19.8% ; ΔHHb = 68.2 ± 14.1%). Possibly small detrimental effect of cycling on eccentric force was found (ES = -0.58, 90% CI: -1.33 to 0.17). Small detrimental effects of cycling were found for soreness and perceived recovery. Implementing intermittent cycling exercise the day after muscle damage may be detrimental for recovery.
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2.
Progressive changes in walking kinematics throughout pregnancy-A follow up study.
Forczek, W, Ivanenko, Y, Curyło, M, Frączek, B, Masłoń, A, Salamaga, M, Suder, A
Gait & posture. 2019;:518-524
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive weight gain and changes in its distribution following pregnancy may be challenging for the gravidas' ability to move in a stable way. RESEARCH QUESTION How is gait kinematics changing throughout pregnancy and to what extend is it affected by physical activity level and energy balance? METHODS 30 women were enrolled. Three experimental sessions were arranged according to the same protocol in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Walking kinematics at a self-selected speed was registered. The total physical activity (TPA) was assessed from the subjects' questionnaires. Energy balance ('positive', 'balanced' or 'negative') was estimated as the difference between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure during 7 days. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the spatiotemporal variables between experimental sessions. However, the gait analysis revealed significant increments in the single support and base of support (BoS) measures. Generally, the sagittal plane mobility of the lower limb joints did not differ, however, the pelvic tilt increased in late pregnancy. The hip and pelvis angles were significantly different over the gait cycle throughout gestation. The 'balanced' energy was dominant in the first trimester although the relative number of participants with negative balance increased over pregnancy. Overall, gait parameters were independent of the energy balance. However, significant correlation was found between gait parameters, such as BoS, velocity, stride length, and TPA in the advanced pregnancy. SIGNIFICANCE The longitudinal assessment of walking kinematics demonstrates few changes adopted to accommodate for pregnancy. The enlargement of BoS is considered as a strategy to provide safety and stability. The increased pelvic tilt is likely to compensate for changes in the body mass distribution. The physical activity correlates with the BoS measures and stride length and thus may be important for enhancing gait stability.
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3.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on upper and lower limb muscle strength and muscle power in athletes: A meta-analysis.
Zhang, L, Quan, M, Cao, ZB
PloS one. 2019;(4):e0215826
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D may play a role in skeletal muscle because of the discovery of VDR in skeletal muscle. However, vitamin D deficiency is a global problem, including athletes. Studies examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function in athletes have inconsistent results. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively summarize the evidence for the effect of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal muscle strength and explosive power of athletes using a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for studies to identify randomized controlled trials or controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria. By a meta-analysis, effect sizes (standardized mean differences, SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated to compare reported outcomes across studies, I2 index was used to assessing heterogeneity, and heterogeneity factors were identified by regression analysis. The potential publication and sensitivity analyses were also assessed. RESULTS Eight RCTs involving 284 athletes were included. The protocols used to evaluate the muscle strength of athletes were inconsistent across the included studies, and muscle explosive power was assessed via vertical jump tests. The results indicated that vitamin D supplementation had no impact on overall muscle strength outcomes (SMD 0.05, 95% CI: -0.39 to 0.48, p = 0.84). In subgroup analysis, vitamin D supplementation had an effect on lower-limb muscle strength (SMD 0.55, 95% CI:0.12 to 0.98, p = 0.01) but not upper-limb muscle strength (SMD -0.19, 95% CI:-0.73 to 0.36, p = 0.50) or muscle explosive power (SMD 0.05, 95% CI:-0.24 to 0.34, p = 0.73). Vitamin D supplementation was more effective for athletes trained indoors (SMD 0.48, 95% CI:0.06 to 0.90, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation positively affected lower limb muscle strength in athletes, but not upper limb muscle strength or muscle power. Different muscle groups and functions may respond differently to vitamin D supplementation. Additional studies should focus on determining the appropriate vitamin D supplementation methods and optimal serum 25(OH)D levels for athletes. REGISTRATION The protocol for our study is registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO registration number CRD42016045872).
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4.
[Lower extremity peripheral artery disease : local and systemic complications].
Calanca, L, Alatri, A, Lanzi, S, Deglise, S, Mazzolai, L
Revue medicale suisse. 2019;(674):2247-2250
Abstract
Lower extremity peripheral artery disease can lead to local complications but also to complications in other vascular areas, stressing the systemic impact of the atheromatous disease. The current concepts of MALE (Major Adverse Limb Events) and MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Events) encompass these risks. The systemic vascular complications, as well as the ones at lower extremities, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. An optimal therapeutic management and healthy lifestyle, such as regular exercise, are crucial to limit the risk of unfavorable progression of the arterial disease. A close collaboration between the general practitioner and the angiologist is a key to adequate initial management and follow-up of the patients.
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5.
A systematic review of the effect of footwear, foot orthoses and taping on lower limb muscle activity during walking and running.
Reeves, J, Jones, R, Liu, A, Bent, L, Plater, E, Nester, C
Prosthetics and orthotics international. 2019;(6):576-596
Abstract
BACKGROUND External devices are used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies by altering loading of the foot, which could result in altered muscle activity that could have therapeutic benefits. OBJECTIVES To establish if evidence exists that footwear, foot orthoses and taping alter lower limb muscle activity during walking and running. STUDY DESIGN Systematic literature review. METHODS CINAHL, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched. Quality assessment was performed using guidelines for assessing healthcare interventions and electromyography methodology. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included: 22 related to footwear, eight foot orthoses and one taping. In walking, (1) rocker footwear apparently decreases tibialis anterior activity and increases triceps surae activity, (2) orthoses could decrease activity of tibialis posterior and increase activity of peroneus longus and (3) other footwear and taping effects are unclear. CONCLUSION Modifications in shoe or orthosis design in the sagittal or frontal plane can alter activation in walking of muscles acting primarily in these planes. Adequately powered research with kinematic and kinetic data is needed to explain the presence/absence of changes in muscle activation with external devices. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This review provides some evidence that foot orthoses can reduce tibialis posterior activity, potentially benefitting specific musculoskeletal pathologies.
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6.
A systematic review of studies investigating the effects of controlled whole-body vibration intervention on peripheral circulation.
Mahbub, MH, Hiroshige, K, Yamaguchi, N, Hase, R, Harada, N, Tanabe, T
Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 2019;(6):363-377
Abstract
The findings of the published studies investigating the changes in peripheral circulation induced by exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) are not consensual or conclusive. Also, those studies did not consider the role of vibration magnitude on the peripheral circulatory responses making the interpretation of the observed findings difficult. We aimed to review the published literature investigating the effects of controlled WBV intervention on peripheral circulation by characterizing the relevant exposure conditions including vibration magnitudes, and ascertain the specific patterns of responses in peripheral circulation of the lower extremity from such exposure. A computerized search was performed in PubMed and Scopus using selected key search terms, and the relevant data were extracted. The vibration magnitude in the included studies frequently exceeded the limit specified in the International Standard ISO 2631-1 (1997) for such exposure. As observed, exposure to WBV with frequencies ≤30 Hz caused an improvement in peripheral blood flow (BF) and/or skin temperature (ST) of the lower extremity. In contrast, the responses in BF and ST from exposure to WBV of higher frequencies (31 Hz-50 Hz) produced conflicting results. The findings of this review indicate that WBV exposure with relatively lower frequency and magnitude can be safely and effectively used to induce improvements in peripheral circulation. For this purpose, the limits recommended by the ISO 2631-1 (1997) should be considered till safe and effective vibration-related parameters are established.
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7.
New advances in MRI diagnosis of degenerative osteoarthropathy of the peripheral joints.
Bruno, F, Arrigoni, F, Palumbo, P, Natella, R, Maggialetti, N, Reginelli, A, Splendiani, A, Di Cesare, E, Brunese, L, Guglielmi, G, et al
La Radiologia medica. 2019;(11):1121-1127
Abstract
Degenerative osteoarthropathy is one of the leading causes of the pain and disability from musculoskeletal disease in the adult population. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows optimal visualization of all tissues involved in degenerative osteoarthritis disease process, mainly the articular cartilage. In addition to qualitative and semiquantitative morphologic assessment, several MRI-based advanced techniques have been developed to allow characterization and quantification of the biochemical cartilage composition. These include quantitative analysis and several compositional techniques (T1 and T2 relaxometry measurements and mapping, sodium imaging, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage dGEMRIC, glycosaminoglycan-specific chemical exchange saturation transfer gagCEST, diffusion-weighted imaging DWI and diffusion tensor imaging DTI). These compositional MRI techniques may have the potential to serve as quantitative, reproducible, noninvasive and objective endpoints for OA assessment, particularly in diagnosis of early and pre-radiographic stages of the disease and in monitoring disease progression and treatment effects over time.
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8.
Modified calcium subtraction in dual-energy CT angiography of the lower extremity runoff: impact on diagnostic accuracy for stenosis detection.
De Santis, D, De Cecco, CN, Schoepf, UJ, Nance, JW, Yamada, RT, Thomas, BA, Otani, K, Jacobs, BE, Turner, DA, Wichmann, JL, et al
European radiology. 2019;(9):4783-4793
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a modified three-material decomposition calcium subtraction (CS) algorithm for the detection of arterial stenosis in dual-energy CT angiography (DE-CTA) of the lower extremity runoff compared to standard image reconstruction, using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard. METHODS Eighty-eight patients (53 males; mean age, 65.9 ± 11 years) with suspected peripheral arterial disease (PAD) who had undergone a DE-CTA examination of the lower extremity runoff between May 2014 and May 2015 were included in this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study. Standard linearly blended and CS images were reconstructed and vascular contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were calculated. Two independent observers assessed subjective image quality using a 5-point Likert scale. Diagnostic accuracy for ≥ 50% stenosis detection was analyzed in a subgroup of 45 patients who had undergone additional DSA. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were estimated with a random-effects logistic regression analysis and compared using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS CS datasets showed higher CNR (15.3 ± 7.3) compared to standard reconstructions (13.5 ± 6.5, p < 0.001). Both reconstructions showed comparable qualitative image quality scores (CS, 4.64; standard, 4.57; p = 0.220). Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) for CS reconstructions was 96.5% (97.5%, 95.6%, 90.9%, 98.1) and 93.1% (98.8%, 90.4%, 82.3%, 99.1%) for standard images. CONCLUSIONS A modified three-material decomposition CS algorithm provides increased vascular CNR, equivalent qualitative image quality, and greater diagnostic accuracy for the detection of significant arterial stenosis of the lower extremity runoff on DE-CTA compared with standard image reconstruction. KEY POINTS • Calcified plaques may lead to overestimation of stenosis severity and false positive results, requiring additional invasive digital subtraction angiography (DSA). • A modified three-material decomposition algorithm for calcium subtraction provides greater diagnostic accuracy for the detection of significant arterial stenosis of the lower extremity runoff compared with standard image reconstruction. • The application of this algorithm in patients with heavily calcified vessels may be helpful to potentially reduce inconclusive CT angiography examinations and the need for subsequent invasive DSA.
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9.
Lower extremity artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Buso, G, Aboyans, V, Mazzolai, L
European journal of preventive cardiology. 2019;(2_suppl):114-124
Abstract
Among all peripheral arterial diseases, lower extremity arterial disease is a serious condition in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, associated with important disability, cardiovascular risk, and socio-economic burden. Patients with both conditions generally display poorer prognosis of affected limbs compared with non-diabetic subjects, leading to increased rates of adverse limb events including amputations. Nonetheless, awareness on lower extremity arterial disease remains somehow suboptimal in the diabetic population, partly related to an atypical clinical presentation in several cases. A regular and appropriate screening for lower extremity arterial disease in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus is therefore recommended. Affected subjects should receive optimal medical treatment including careful management of the different cardiovascular risk factors through a healthy lifestyle, a regular and structured physical activity, the administration of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic drugs, and (when indicated) antihypertensive and antithrombotic drugs. This review aims to outline current evidence about lower extremity arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to elucidate its epidemiology, pathophysiology, screening and diagnosis, and management options.
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10.
A systematic review on biomechanical characteristics of walking in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity: Possible implications for the development of musculoskeletal disorders.
Molina-Garcia, P, Migueles, JH, Cadenas-Sanchez, C, Esteban-Cornejo, I, Mora-Gonzalez, J, Rodriguez-Ayllon, M, Plaza-Florido, A, Vanrenterghem, J, Ortega, FB
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2019;(7):1033-1044
Abstract
It is known that obesity is associated with biomechanical alterations during locomotor tasks, which is considered a potential risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSKD). However, the association of obesity with biomechanical alterations of walking in the early stages of life have not yet been systematically reviewed. Thus, this review aims to summarize the biomechanical characteristics of walking in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) versus their normal-weight (NW) counterparts. PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched until November 2018. We found strong and moderate evidence supporting biomechanical differences in the gait pattern of OW/OB with respect to NW. Based on strong evidence, the gait patterns of OW/OB present greater pelvis transversal plane motion, higher hip internal rotation, higher hip flexion, extension and abduction moments and power generation/absorption, greater knee abduction/adduction motion, and higher knee abduction/adduction moments and power generation/absorption. Based on moderate evidence, OW/OB walk with greater step width, longer stance phase, higher tibiofemoral contact forces, higher ankle plantarflexion moments and power generation, and greater gastrocnemius and soleus activation/forces. These biomechanical alterations during walking in OW/OB could play a major role in the onset and progression of MSKD.