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Effects of high-intensity interval training and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic markers and aerobic fitness in adolescent girls with obesity.
Plavsic, L, Knezevic, OM, Sovtic, A, Minic, P, Vukovic, R, Mazibrada, I, Stanojlovic, O, Hrncic, D, Rasic-Markovic, A, Macut, D
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 2020;(3):294-300
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic biomarkers, hormonal parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescent girls with obesity. Adolescent girls with obesity (n = 44, aged 13-19 years) were randomized into a 12-week intervention as follows: (i) dietary advice and HIIT (n = 22), and (ii) dietary advice only (n = 22). The concentration of biomarkers of inflammation, biochemical and hormonal testing, oral glucose tolerance test, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity levels, and nutrition were assessed. After a 3-month intervention, the diet+HIIT group significantly increased insulin sensitivity index (-0.34 ± 1.52 vs. 1.05 ± 3.21; p = 0.001) and work load (0.6 ± 11.3 W vs. 14.6 ± 20.2 W; p = 0.024) and decreased glucose area under the curve (-0.29 ± 4.69 vs. -0.98 ± 4.06; p = 0.040), insulin area under the curve (-9.65 ± 117.9 vs. -98.7 ± 201.8; p = 0.003), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (0.12 ± 1.92 mg/L vs. -1.47 ± 3.67 mg/L; p = 0.039) in comparison with the diet group. Regarding within-group changes, both groups had significant improvements in body mass index (BMI), BMI-standard deviation score, body fat percentage, and systolic blood pressure. Positive impact on waist circumference, waist circumference/height ratio, diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP, work load, maximal heart rate, and resting heart rate was observed only after the diet+HIIT intervention. No significant change was noted in peak oxygen uptake, lipid profile, and hormonal parameters between groups after intervention. Novelty HIIT and nutrition advice increased insulin sensitivity and decreased BMI, body fat, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Nutrition advice decreased BMI, body fat, and systolic blood pressure in adolescent girls with obesity.
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Effects of alternate day calorie restriction and exercise on cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: an exploratory randomized controlled study.
Oh, M, Kim, S, An, KY, Min, J, Yang, HI, Lee, J, Lee, MK, Kim, DI, Lee, HS, Lee, JW, et al
BMC public health. 2018;(1):1124
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been recognized that alternate day calorie restriction (ADCR) or exercise has positive effects on cardio-metabolic risk factors. It is unclear whether the combined effect of ADCR and exercise (aerobic + resistance training) influences risk. We investigated effects of an 8-week ADCR and exercise program (aerobic + resistance training) on cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults. METHODS This study randomized 45 overweight or obese but healthy adults (F = 26, M = 19; aged about 32 to 40 years) into 4 groups: ADCR (n = 13), exercise (n = 10), exercise plus ADCR (n = 12), and control (n = 10) for 8 weeks. Body composition, blood lipids profile, and insulin resistance were measured. The intention to treat (ITT) method was used to analyze all participants that were randomized. RESULTS A total of 35 participants completed the trial (78%). Body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass and percent body fat were reduced in the exercise plus ADCR group (- 3.3 ± 2.4 kg, p < 0.01; - 1.3 ± 1.0 kg/m2, p < 0.01; - 4.1 ± 3.9 cm, p < 0.01; - 2.7 ± 2.0 kg, p < 0.01; - 2. 5 ± 2.2%, p < 0.01). Insulin, glucose, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and triglyceride (- 2.9 ± 4.1 μIU/ml, p < 0.05; - 10.9 ± 16.9 mg/dl, p < 0.05; - 0.9 ± 1.3, p < 0.05; - 43.8 ± 41.9 mg/dl, p < 0.01) decreased in the exercise plus ADCR group only. CONCLUSIONS ADCR and exercise both proved to be beneficial, but the combined intervention was most effective at inducing beneficial changes in body weight, body composition, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and triglyceride in overweight and obese adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03652532 , Registered August 28, 2018, 'retrospectively registered'.
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Effects of a High-Protein Diet Including Whole Eggs on Muscle Composition and Indices of Cardiometabolic Health and Systemic Inflammation in Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Wright, CS, Zhou, J, Sayer, RD, Kim, JE, Campbell, WW
Nutrients. 2018;(7)
Abstract
Age-related increases in intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) impair muscle quality, decrease functional capacity, and promote several cardiometabolic and inflammatory disorders. Whether these age-related alterations in muscle composition improve by consuming a high-protein (HP) diet with whole eggs are unclear. This parallel-design, randomized-controlled trial assessed the effects of a 12-week eucaloric HP diet with three whole eggs per day (1.4 g protein kg-1 day-1) versus a normal-protein diet void of eggs (NP, 0.8 g protein kg-1 day-1) on muscle composition (IMAT), cardiometabolic health, and systemic inflammation in older adults with overweight or obesity (12 men and 10 women; age 70 ± 5 years, BMI 31.3 ± 3.2 kg/m², mean ± SD). No changes in muscle composition were observed over time, independent of protein intake. Total body weight was reduced in both groups (-3.3 ± 1.2%) and lean mass was preserved only with the HP diet. LDL concentration and hip circumference decreased only with the NP diet, while MCP-1 and HsCRP concentrations increased over time in both groups. A HP diet with whole eggs promotes lean mass retention with modest weight loss, but does not positively influence muscle composition, cardiometabolic health or systemic inflammation, compared to a NP diet void of eggs.
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A Mediterranean-style eating pattern with lean, unprocessed red meat has cardiometabolic benefits for adults who are overweight or obese in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial.
O'Connor, LE, Paddon-Jones, D, Wright, AJ, Campbell, WW
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2018;(1):33-40
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BACKGROUND A Mediterranean-style eating pattern (Mediterranean Pattern) is often described as being low in red meat. Research shows that lean, unprocessed red meat can be incorporated into healthy eating patterns to improve cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of consuming different amounts of lean, unprocessed red meat in a Mediterranean Pattern on CMD risk factors. We hypothesized that consuming a Mediterranean Pattern would improve CMD risk factors and that red meat intake would not influence these improvements. DESIGN In an investigator-blinded, randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial, 41 subjects [mean ± SD age: 46 ± 2 y; mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2): 30.5 ± 0.6] were provided with a Mediterranean Pattern for two 5-wk interventions separated by 4 wk of self-selected eating. The Mediterranean Patterns contained ∼500 g [typical US intake (Med-Red)] and ∼200 g [commonly recommended intake in heart-healthy eating patterns (Med-Control)] of lean, unprocessed beef or pork per week. Red meat intake was compensated by poultry and other protein-rich foods. Baseline and postintervention outcomes included fasting blood pressure, serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, and ambulatory blood pressure. The presented results were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass at each time point (P < 0.05). RESULTS Total cholesterol decreased, but greater reductions occurred with Med-Red than with Med-Control (-0.4 ± 0.1 and -0.2 ±0.1 mmol/L, respectively, intervention × time = 0.045]. Low-density lipoprotein decreased with Med-Red but was unchanged with Med-Control [-0.3 ± 0.1 and -0.1 ± 0.1 mmol/L, respectively, intervention × time = 0.038], whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations decreased nondifferentially [-0.1 ± 0.0 mmol/L]. Triglycerides, total cholesterol:HDL, glucose, and insulin did not change with either Med-Red or Med-Control. All blood pressure parameters improved, except during sleep, independent of the red meat intake amount. CONCLUSIONS Adults who are overweight or moderately obese may improve multiple cardiometabolic disease risk factors by adopting a Mediterranean-style eating pattern with or without reductions in red meat intake when red meats are lean and unprocessed. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02573129.
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Relationship among physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and cardiometabolic risk factors during gastric bypass surgery-induced weight loss.
Wefers, JF, Woodlief, TL, Carnero, EA, Helbling, NL, Anthony, SJ, Dubis, GS, Jakicic, JM, Houmard, JA, Goodpaster, BH, Coen, PM
Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery. 2017;(2):210-219
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BACKGROUND The impact of daily physical activity (PA) on the cardiometabolic risk of bariatric surgery patients is not known. OBJECTIVE We examined the influence of physical activity and sedentary behavior on modifying cardiometabolic risk after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. SETTING University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and East Carolina University bariatric surgery centers. METHODS Data from 43 women and 7 men who completed testing at 1-3 months after RYGB surgery and again at 9 months postsurgery were analyzed. Outcomes measured included PA level (min/d), steps/d, sedentary time, and body composition. Insulin sensitivity was determined with an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Weight and blood lipid profiles also were obtained. RESULTS Patients reduced body mass index by a mean of -8.0±3.4 kg/m2 (P<.001), increased moderate-to-vigorous PA by 17.0±47.0 min/d (P = .014), and decreased sedentary time (-47.9±101.0 min/d, P = .002). However, 24% of patients decreased overall PA (P<.001), and 39% increased sedentary behavior (P<.001). Changes in overall PA (rho = -.33, P = .006) and steps/d (rho = -.31, P = .0106) were related to weight loss. Insulin sensitivity was associated with light PA before (rho = .37, P<.001) and after (rho = .37, P = .015) intervention. Increasing overall PA also was related to higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (rho = .33, P<.01). Decreasing sedentary time was related to decreased fat mass (rho = .35, P = .012) but not to other cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients increased PA (76%) and decreased sedentary time (61%) after RYGB surgery, but the amount of PA and sedentary time varied substantially. Higher PA, even at low intensity levels, was related to beneficial outcomes in body composition, insulin sensitivity, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Impact of a structured multicomponent educational intervention program on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes.
do Rosário Pinto, M, Parreira, PMDS, Basto, ML, Dos Santos Mendes Mónico, L
BMC endocrine disorders. 2017;(1):77
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders, with a high prevalence of patients with poor metabolic control. Worldwide, evidence highlights the importance of developing and implementing educational interventions that can reduce this burden. The main objective of this study was to analyse the impact of a lifestyle centred intervention on glycaemic control of poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients, followed in a Community Care Centre. METHODS A type 2 experimental design was conducted over 6 months, including 122 adults with HbA1c ≥ 7.5%, randomly allocated into Experimental group (EG) or Control Group (CG). EG patients attended a specific Educational Program while CG patients frequented usual care. Personal and health characterization variables, clinical metrics and self-care activities were measured before and after the implementation of the intervention. Analysis was done by comparing gains between groups (CG vs EG) through differential calculations (post minus pre-test results) and Longitudinal analysis. RESULTS Statistical differences were obtained between groups for HbA1c and BMI: EG had a decrease in 11% more (effect-size r2 = .11) than CG for HbA1c (p < .001) and 4% more (effect-size r2 = .04) in BMI (p < .05). When controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities that showed to be associated to each parameter in pre-test, from pre to post-test only EG participants significantly decreased HbA1c [Wilks' ʎ = .702; F(1,57) = 24.16; p < .001; ηp2 = .298; observed power = .998]; BMI values [Wilks' ʎ = .900; F(1,59) = 6.57; p = .013; ηp2 = .100; observed power = .713]; systolic Blood pressure [Wilks' ʎ = .735; F(1,61) = 21.94; p < .001; ηp2 = .265; observed power = .996] and diastolic Blood pressure [Wilks' ʎ = .795; F(1,59) = 15.20; p < .001; ηp2 = .205; observed power = .970]. CONCLUSIONS The impact of a structured multicomponent educational intervention program by itself, beyond standard educational approach alone, supported in a Longitudinal analysis that controlled variables statistically associated with clinical metrics in pre-test measures, has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving HbA1c, BMI and Blood pressure values. TRIAL REGISTRATION RBR-8ns8pb . (Retrospectively registered: October 30,2017).
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Influence of Obesity and Metabolic Disease on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CordioPrev Study).
Talavera-Garcia, E, Delgado-Lista, J, Garcia-Rios, A, Delgado-Casado, N, Gomez-Luna, P, Gomez-Garduño, A, Gomez-Delgado, F, Alcala-Diaz, JF, Yubero-Serrano, E, Marin, C, et al
PloS one. 2016;(4):e0153096
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that the presence of associated metabolic abnormalities may be important modifiers of the association of obesity with a poorer prognosis in coronary heart disease. We determined the influence of isolated overweight and obesity on carotid intima media thickness (IMT-CC), and also assessed whether this influence was determined by the presence of metabolic abnormalities. METHODS 1002 participants from the CordioPrev study were studied at entry. We determined their metabolic phenotypes and performed carotid ultrasound assessment. We evaluated the influence of obesity, overweight and metabolic phenotypes on the IMT-CC. RESULTS Metabolically sick participants (defined by the presence of two or more metabolic abnormalities) showed a greater IMT-CC than metabolically healthy individuals (p = 4 * 10(-6)). Overweight and normal weight patients who were metabolically healthy showed a lower IMT-CC than the metabolically abnormal groups (all p<0.05). When we evaluated only body weight (without considering metabolic phenotypes), overweight or obese patients did not differ significantly from normal-weight patients in their IMT-CC (p = 0.077). However, obesity was a determinant of IMT-CC when compared to the composite group of normal weight and overweight patients (all not obese). CONCLUSIONS In coronary patients, a metabolically abnormal phenotype is associated with a greater IMT-CC, and may be linked to a higher risk of suffering new cardiovascular events. The protection conferred in the IMT-CC by the absence of metabolic abnormality may be blunted by the presence of obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00924937.
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[Correlative study of the metabolic disorder of hippocampus and cerebral cortex and cognitive impairment in moderate to severe OSAHS patients].
Wang, B, Xu, X, Liang, G, Zhang, Y, Liu, L, Zhang, J
Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology, head, and neck surgery. 2015;(7):607-11
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To research the serum levels of BDNF, H2S and S-100β as metabolic product of hippocampus and cerebral cortex in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) patients before and after surgery, and to analyze their correlations with cognitive impairment. METHOD Forty-four randomly selected diagnosed OSAHS patients were divided into two groups according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), 19 cases in cognitively normal group and 25 cases in cognitive dysfunction group. Cases in cognitive dysfunction group underwent UPPP oriented surgery, and received 6 months follow-up, 21 cases were remained as treament group, 4 cases lost. 19 cases of healthy subjects were randomly selected as the normal control group. All groups were detected for the serum BDNF, H2S and S-100β levels to analyze the correlations between the biochemical indexes and sleep disorders indexes, hypoxia levels and cognitive function scores. RESULT (1) In the comparison between the treatment group and the normal control group regarding PSG monitoring results, the AHI, I + II, LA/HT and SLT90% indexes of OSAHS patients increased, and the III + IV phase, REM phase, MSaO2 and LSaO2 decreased. In the comparison between the cognitive dysfunction group and the cognitively normal group, the III + IV, REM and LSaO2 indexes of the cognitive dysfunction group decreased. (2) In the comparison between cognitive dysfunction group and cognitively normal group, and between the treatment group and the normal control group, BDNF and H2S levels increased and S-100β levels decreased, and the MoCA total scores, attention, memory/delayed recall scores decreased. (3) The correlation between biochemical indexes with PSG indexes was as follows. The serum BNDF and H2S levels were negatively correlated with AHI index. The serum BNDF and H2S levels were positively correlated with III + IV stage, REM stage and MSaO2 indexes. The S-100β level was positively correlated with AHI index, and S-100β levels were negatively correlated with III + IV stage, REM stage, MSaO2 and LSaO2 indexes. (4) The correlation between biochemical indexes and MoCA scores was as follows. The serum BNDF and H2S levels were positively correlated with MoCA total scores, attention, and memory/delayed recall scores. The serum S-100β levels were negatively correlated with MoCA total scores, attention and memory/ delayed recall scores. (5) The linear regression equation between MoCA total scores in cognitive dysfunction group of OSAHS patients and the serum BNDF, H2S and S-100β levels was as follows: Y(MoCA) = 40.131 + 0.22 X(BDNF) + 0.012 X(H2S)-0.647X(S-100β) (R2 = 0.461). CONCLUSION OSAHS patients with sleep disorder and nocturnal hypoxemia might suffer from cognitive dysfunction in which attention and memory predominates. Serum BNDF, H2S and S-100β levels, which could indirectly reflect the metabolic abnormalities degree of hippocampus and cerebral cortex, are sensitive indicators of early cognitive dysfunction in OSAHS patients.
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LICHENS' B-OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN THE CORRECTION OF METABOLIC DISORDERS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
Kershengolts, BM, Sydykova, LA, Sharoyko, VV, Anshakova, VV, Stepanova, AV, Varfolomeeva, NA
Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960). 2015;(4):480-2
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lichens of the genus Cladonia are used as medicinal plants in folk medicine. Biologically active food supplement (BAFS) on the basis of lichens p. Cladonia was derived by mechanical-chemical biotechnology in the Educational-Research-Engineering Laboratory "Mechanical-Chemical Biotechnology" of the North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU). As a result of biotech impact, the solid β-glycoside bonds are destructed on β-oligosaccharide molecules, and other groups of lichen BAS is mobilized. The content of hydrolysable carbohydrates in samples of lichen increased 8 times after mechanical activation. AIM: The aim of investigation was to study the effects of BAFS "Yagel-Detox" in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). MATERIALS AND METHODS The 150 patients (group 1--100 patients receiving "Yagel-Detox", group 2--50 patients receiving placebo) with a diagnosis DM 2 were examined. The research included: general clinical and instrumental examination, biochemical and clinical blood tests. "Yagel-Detox" was used 1 capsule 3 times a day, the rate of admission was 3 months. RESULTS Clinical trials have shown that 3-month intake of BAFS "Yagel-Detox" reduces the concentration of blood glucose 1.3 1.6 times (in the control group--1.2 ÷ 1.4 times), glycosylated hemoglobin--from 9.8 ÷ 11.4% to 7.6% (in the control group--1.0%). The concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduced on 1.3% through 6 months. Patients of both groups were on the similar tablet glucose-lowering therapy (randomized treatment), which have not been adjusted. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results allow us to recommend BAFS "Yagel-Detox" as an additional remedy to normalize blood glucose concentration in patients with DM 2.
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Aortomesenteric fat thickness with ultrasound predicts metabolic diseases in obese patients.
Monaco, L, Monaco, M, Di Tommaso, L, Stassano, P, Castaldo, L, Castaldo, G
The American journal of the medical sciences. 2014;(1):8-13
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between visceral fat accumulation and development of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between a new ultrasound visceral fat thickness (VFT) measurement and clinical and anthropometric data in a consecutive series of obese patients. METHODS Fifty-five consecutive male obese patients underwent ultrasound evaluation and metabolic and anthropometric parameters determination at baseline and after 3 weeks of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) therapy. The new ultrasound measurement, the thickness of the fat between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (AMFT), was determined along with the maximum thickness of preperitoneal fat and the global VFT. RESULTS AMFT showed a better correlation than VFT and preperitoneal fat with all anthropometric and metabolic parameters, both at baseline and after VLCD regimen. At baseline, patients in the middle and high AMFT and VFT tertiles had a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic diseases with respect to AMFT and VFT low tertile patients, whereas after VLCD period, AMFT only showed significant difference within tertiles. The odds ratios for the various metabolic diseases were higher in the middle and high AMFT tertiles than those in the middle and high VFT tertiles, remaining significant after adjustment for age, body mass index and VLCD regimen only in the middle and high AMFT tertiles. CONCLUSIONS The ultrasonographic AMFT evaluation is strongly correlated to the presence of metabolic syndrome and could be a valuable tool to predict metabolic diseases and associated cardiovascular risks in men.