-
1.
Exosomal microRNAs: novel players in cervical cancer.
Nahand, JS, Vandchali, NR, Darabi, H, Doroudian, M, Banafshe, HR, Moghoofei, M, Babaei, F, Salmaninejad, A, Mirzaei, H
Epigenomics. 2020;(18):1651-1660
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks fourth for both mortality and morbidity in women globally. Exosomes are considered as extracellular vesicles, secreted continuously by many cells with a size range from 30 to 150 nm. Exosomes can encapsulate microRNAs (miRNAs) and release them for cellular communications. This exosome-induced miRNA transfer is a novel strategy for genetic exchange among cells. This trafficking modality affects many pathological as well as physiological conditions. Moreover, exosomes can protect the miRNAs against harsh environments and keep them very stable. Given that a variety of exosomal miRNAs derived from cervical cancer cells can be targeted to recipient cells and contribute to tumorgenesis, it has been documented that exosomal miRNAs could be applied as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of cervical cancer. Herein, we summarize the pathologic and diagnostic roles of exosomal miRNAs in the cervical cancer. Moreover, we highlight the roles of exosomal miRNAs in other cancers.
-
2.
Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Phytochemicals on miRNA Regulating Breast Cancer Progression.
Varghese, E, Liskova, A, Kubatka, P, Mathews Samuel, S, Büsselberg, D
Biomolecules. 2020;(2)
Abstract
Several phytochemicals have been identified for their role in modifying miRNA regulating tumor progression. miRNAs modulate the expression of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including the genes that regulate tumor angiogenesis. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling is a central axis that activates oncogenic signaling and acts as a metabolic switch in endothelial cell (EC) driven tumor angiogenesis. Tumor angiogenesis driven by metabolic reprogramming of EC is crucial for tumor progression and metastasis in many different cancers, including breast cancers, and has been linked to aberrant miRNA expression profiles. In the current article, we identify different miRNAs that regulate tumor angiogenesis in the context of oncogenic signaling and metabolic reprogramming in ECs and review how selected phytochemicals could modulate miRNA levels to induce an anti-angiogenic action in breast cancer. Studies involving genistein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol demonstrate the regulation of miRNA-21, miRNA-221/222 and miRNA-27, which are prognostic markers in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Modulating the metabolic pathway is a novel strategy for controlling tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cardamonin, curcumin and resveratrol exhibit their anti-angiogenic property by targeting the miRNAs that regulate EC metabolism. Here we suggest that using phytochemicals to target miRNAs, which in turn suppresses tumor angiogenesis, should have the potential to inhibit tumor growth, progression, invasion and metastasis and may be developed into an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many different cancers where tumor angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumor growth and progression.
-
3.
MicroRNAs and exosomes: key players in HIV pathogenesis.
Sadri Nahand, J, Bokharaei-Salim, F, Karimzadeh, M, Moghoofei, M, Karampoor, S, Mirzaei, HR, Tabibzadeh, A, Jafari, A, Ghaderi, A, Asemi, Z, et al
HIV medicine. 2020;(4):246-278
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIV infection is well known to cause impairment of the human immune system, and until recently was a leading cause of death. It has been shown that T lymphocytes are the main targets of HIV. The virus inactivates T lymphocytes by interfering with a wide range of cellular and molecular targets, leading to suppression of the immune system. The objective of this review is to investigate to what extent microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in HIV pathogenesis. METHODS The scientific literature (Pubmed and Google scholar) for the period 1988-2019 was searched. RESULTS Mounting evidence has revealed that miRNAs are involved in viral replication and immune response, whether by direct targeting of viral transcripts or through indirect modulation of virus-related host pathways. In addition, exosomes have been found to act as nanoscale carriers involved in HIV pathogenesis. These nanovehicles target their cargos (i.e. DNA, RNA, viral proteins and miRNAs) leading to alteration of the behaviour of recipient cells. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs and exosomes are important players in HIV pathogenesis. Additionally, there are potential diagnostic applications of miRNAs as biomarkers in HIV infection.
-
4.
MicroRNAs and microbiota: Is there a cross talk?
Rizk, M, Tüzmen, S
Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998). 2020;(3):211-226
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a form of single-stranded RNA molecules with a length that varies between 18 and 23 nucleotides and which are synthesized in the nucleus but function in the cytoplasm. miRNAs function endogenously and bind to complementary sequences in either the coding regions or the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). This indicates that miRNAs operate in a post-transcriptional manner. miRNAs play essential roles in various biological events, and have thus been found extracellularly in different body fluids such as saliva, urine and plasma. miRNAs are distinguished in the gut mainly by examining content from intestines and feces. The gastrointestinal tract is infested with a variety of microorganisms that are initially inherited from the mother; however, those microorganisms develop as a result of changes in dietary intakes and environmental factors. The gut microbiota are therefore shaped differently in different individuals due to several contributing factors such as genetics, diet and state of disease, and have a great impact on the host during phases of disease and homeostasis.
-
5.
Association between miRNAs Expression and Signaling Pathways of Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Mafi, A, Mirhosseini, N, Aghadavod, E, Jahanshahi, M, Asemi, Z
Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression. 2020;(4):359-368
-
6.
Beyond Conventional: The New Horizon of Anti-Angiogenic microRNAs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy.
Tirpe, A, Gulei, D, Tirpe, GR, Nutu, A, Irimie, A, Campomenosi, P, Pop, LA, Berindan-Neagoe, I
International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;(21)
Abstract
GLOBOCAN 2018 identified lung cancer as the leading oncological pathology in terms of incidence and mortality rates. Angiogenesis is a key adaptive mechanism of numerous malignancies that promotes metastatic spread in view of the dependency of cancer cells on nutrients and oxygen, favoring invasion. Limitation of the angiogenic process could significantly hamper the disease advancement through starvation of the primary tumor and impairment of metastatic spread. This review explores the basic molecular mechanisms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) angiogenesis, and discusses the influences of the key proangiogenic factors-the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs-MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9) and hypoxia-and the therapeutic implications of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) throughout the entire process, while also providing critical reviews of a number of microRNAs, with a focus on miR-126, miR-182, miR-155, miR-21 and let-7b. Finally, current conventional NSCLC anti-angiogenics-bevacizumab, ramucirumab and nintedanib-are briefly summarized through the lens of evidence-based medicine.
-
7.
Autophagy-related MicroRNAs in chronic lung diseases and lung cancer.
Rezaei, S, Mahjoubin-Tehran, M, Aghaee-Bakhtiari, SH, Jalili, A, Movahedpour, A, Khan, H, Moghoofei, M, Shojaei, Z, R Hamblin, M, Mirzaei, H
Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 2020;:103063
Abstract
Chronic lung disease has become a leading cause of death in recent years. Despite several attempts to discover and develop new therapeutic approaches, patients often suffer a poor quality of life, and are faced with an increased risk of developing lung cancer. Lung cancer often occurs as an end-stage after years of chronic lung disease. An increased understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic lung disease may be obtained from studying the role of autophagy in its initiation and progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the modulation of autophagy, and their deregulation could be associated with the initiation and progression of several chronic lung diseases. Herein, we documented that up/down regulation of miRNAs can activate or inhibit autophagy in chronic lung diseases including lung cancer. Therefore, theses miRNAs could be a promising therapeutic tool for lung cancer specially in drug-resistance lung cancer cells.
-
8.
The role of miR-146a in viral infection.
Nahand, JS, Karimzadeh, MR, Nezamnia, M, Fatemipour, M, Khatami, A, Jamshidi, S, Moghoofei, M, Taghizadieh, M, Hajighadimi, S, Shafiee, A, et al
IUBMB life. 2020;(3):343-360
Abstract
Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as a key player in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular-genes regulatory pathways. They also emerged as a significant regulator of the immune response. In particular, miR-146a acts as an importance modulator of function and differentiation cells of the innate and adaptive immunity. It has been associated with disorder including cancer and viral infections. Given its significance in the regulation of key cellular processes, it is not surprising which virus infection have found ways to dysregulation of miRNAs. miR-146a has been identified in exosomes (exosomal miR-146a). After the exosomes release from donor cells, they are taken up by the recipient cell and probably the exosomal miR-146a is able to modulate the antiviral response in the recipient cell and result in making them more susceptible to virus infection. In this review, we discuss recent reports regarding miR-146a expression levels, target genes, function, and contributing role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection and provide a clue to develop the new therapeutic and preventive strategies for viral disease in the future.
-
9.
Targeting miRNAs by polyphenols: Novel therapeutic strategy for aging.
Majidinia, M, Karimian, A, Alemi, F, Yousefi, B, Safa, A
Biochemical pharmacology. 2020;:113688
Abstract
Regarding the importance of genetic and epigenetic factors in regulation of aging process, different expression pattern of non-coding RNAs in aging could be investigated. Accordingly, micro RNAs (miRNAs) with a wide range of physiological functions as well as a significant footprint in many diseases have been demonstrated to be down or upregulated during the aging process. Therefore, age-associated microRNAs and their targets have potentially detected the accelerated aging and predicted the risks for age-related diseases. Polyphenols as important antioxidants in human dietary observed in fruits and some beverages have beneficial effects on longevity and aging. Considering miRNAs as an interesting mediator in modulating polyphenols' biological effects, targeting miRNAs which is using polyphenols could be a novel strategy for aging.
-
10.
Epigenetic Regulation Associated With Sirtuin 1 in Complications of Diabetes Mellitus.
Wang A, J, Wang, S, Wang B, J, Xiao, M, Guo, Y, Tang, Y, Zhang, J, Gu, J
Frontiers in endocrinology. 2020;:598012
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the largest health concerns of the 21st century due to the serious complications associated with the disease. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the pathogenesis of DM and develop novel strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to not only deacetylate histones to modulate chromatin function but also deacetylate numerous transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes, both positively and negatively. SIRT1 also plays a crucial role in regulating histone and DNA methylation through the recruitment of other nuclear enzymes to the chromatin. Furthermore, SIRT1 has been verified as a direct target of many microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, numerous studies have explored the key roles of SIRT1 and other related epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic complications. Thus, this review aims to present a summary of the rapidly growing field of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, as well as the epigenetic influence of SIRT1 on the development and progression of diabetic complications, including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.