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1.
Harnessing Metal Homeostasis Offers Novel and Promising Targets Against Candida albicans.
Hameed, S, Hans, S, Singh, S, Fatima, Z
Current drug discovery technologies. 2020;(4):415-429
Abstract
Fungal infections, particularly of Candida species, which are the commensal organisms of human, are one of the major debilitating diseases in immunocompromised patients. The limited number of antifungal drugs available to treat Candida infections, with the concomitant increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, further worsens the therapeutic options. Thus, there is an urgent need for the better understanding of MDR mechanisms, and their reversal, by employing new strategies to increase the efficacy and safety profiles of currently used therapies against the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Micronutrient availability during C. albicans infection is regarded as a critical factor that influences the progression and magnitude of the disease. Intracellular pathogens colonize a variety of anatomical locations that are likely to be scarce in micronutrients, as a defense strategy adopted by the host, known as nutritional immunity. Indispensable critical micronutrients are required both by the host and by C. albicans, especially as a cofactor in important metabolic functions. Since these micronutrients are not freely available, C. albicans need to exploit host reservoirs to adapt within the host for survival. The ability of pathogenic organisms, including C. albicans, to sense and adapt to limited micronutrients in the hostile environment is essential for survival and confers the basis of its success as a pathogen. This review describes that micronutrients availability to C. albicans is a key attribute that may be exploited when one considers designing strategies aimed at disrupting MDR in this pathogenic fungi. Here, we discuss recent advances that have been made in our understanding of fungal micronutrient acquisition and explore the probable pathways that may be utilized as targets.
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2.
Breakfast Characteristics and Its Association with Daily Micronutrients Intake in Children and Adolescents-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Giménez-Legarre, N, Miguel-Berges, ML, Flores-Barrantes, P, Santaliestra-Pasías, AM, Moreno, LA
Nutrients. 2020;(10)
Abstract
Breakfast is an important source of key nutrients in the diet. For this reason, the aim of this review was to investigate the associations between breakfast consumption and daily micronutrients intake in both children and adolescents (aged 2-18 years). A peer-reviewed systematic search was conducted in three datasets (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library) in February 2020 in English and Spanish. Two independent reviewers evaluated 3188 studies considering the AXIS critical appraisal and PRISMA methodologies. Meta-analysis was carried out comparing results according to type of breakfast consumed (Ready to eat cereals (RTEC) breakfast or other types of breakfast) and breakfast skipping. Thirty-three articles were included in the systematic review (SR) and 7 in the meta-analysis. In the SR, we observed that those children and adolescents who usually consume RTEC at breakfast had a higher consumption of B-vitamins than those not consuming RTEC at breakfast. Breakfast consumers had a higher mineral intake (iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and iodine) than breakfast skippers. In the Meta-Analysis, RTEC consumers had significantly higher vitamin C intake than breakfast skippers (SMD, -4.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): -5.09, -3.16). Furthermore, those children who usually consume breakfast had significantly higher daily intake of calcium than breakfast skippers (SMD, -7.03; 95%CI: -9.02, -5.04). Our review proposes that breakfast consumption seems to be associated with higher daily micronutrients intake than breakfast skippers.
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3.
The Effect of a Polysaccharide-Based Multinutrient Dietary Supplementation Regimen on Infections and Immune Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis.
Reginald McDaniel, H, LaGanke, C, Bloom, L, Goldberg, S, Lages, LC, Lantigua, LA, Atlas, SE, Woolger, JM, Lewis, JE
Journal of dietary supplements. 2020;(2):184-199
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with increased infection rates, chronic inflammation, and premature death. Optimization of nutritional status via dietary supplementation may improve immune function in people suffering from MS and lead to decreased rates of infection. Fifteen individuals with a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS for an average of 12.4 years (SD =7.4; R = 2, 25) were enrolled in a one-year open-label clinical trial. Participants consumed a broad-spectrum dietary supplement regimen containing polysaccharides, phytochemicals, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals three times per day. The occurrence of infections and a panel of cytokines, growth factors, and T- and B-cell subsets were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Seven female and 8 male participants with an average age of 51.3 years (SD =7.2; R = 38, 65) completed the study. At the end of the intervention, participants had fewer total infections (M = 7.9, SD =8.1 at baseline and M = 2.5, SD =4.3 at 12-month follow-up). At 12 months, IL-2, TNF-α, EGF, and CD95 + CD34+ significantly increased, while IL-1β significantly decreased. No major adverse effects were reported; only mild gastrointestinal intolerance was reported in four cases. A decreased occurrence of infection was observed in MS patients treated with 12 months of a polysaccharide-based multinutrient dietary supplement. Significant changes were also noted in several key biomarkers that would be physiologically favorable to the MS population. Thus, the results of this study suggest an immunomodulatory effect of the dietary supplement regimen studied.
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4.
Resting-state networks and neurometabolites in children with ADHD after 10 weeks of treatment with micronutrients: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Borlase, N, Melzer, TR, Eggleston, MJF, Darling, KA, Rucklidge, JJ
Nutritional neuroscience. 2020;(11):876-886
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show significant abnormalities on MR imaging in network communication and connectivity. The prefrontal-striatal-cerebella circuitry, involved in attention is particularly disrupted. Neurometabolites, the biochemical structures that support neurological structural integrity, particularly in the prefrontal cortex and striatum are associated with symptoms. This study aimed to explore changes in neurometabolite levels through treatment with vitamins and minerals (micronutrients), hypothesising that treatment would impact neural circuitry and correspond to a reduction in symptoms. Twenty-seven non-medicated children (M = 10.75 years) with DSM5 diagnosed ADHD were randomised to receive daily micronutrients or placebo for 10 weeks. Main outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale and ADHD-RS-IV Clinician Ratings of ADHD symptoms. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the bilateral pre-frontal cortex and bilateral striatum, resting state fMRI and structural images were acquired 1 week pre-treatment, and in the last week of intervention. Results did not show any significant differences in the measured brain metrics and the levels of neurometabolites between treatment and placebo groups after ten weeks of treatment with micronutrients. In the treatment group there was a trend for: decreased choline in the striatum; decreased glutamate in the prefrontal cortex; increased grey matter in the anterior thalamus; increased white matter in the fornix and improved network integrity of the default mode network, dorsal attention network and frontal executive network. The small sample size of the current study limits results, future studies with higher power are warranted to explore any association between micronutrient treatment and neurological changes.
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5.
Micronutrient Deficiencies in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
Jamil, O, Gonzalez-Heredia, R, Quadri, P, Hassan, C, Masrur, M, Berger, R, Bernstein, K, Sanchez-Johnsen, L
Nutrients. 2020;(9)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review to examine micronutrient deficiencies in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. We conducted a literature review using PubMed and Cochrane databases to examine micronutrient deficiencies in SG patients in order to identify trends and find consistency in recommendations. Seventeen articles were identified that met the defined criteria. Iron, vitamin B12 and vitamin D were the primary micronutrients evaluated. Results demonstrate the need for consistent iron and B12 supplementation, in addition to a multivitamin, while vitamin D supplementation may not be necessary. Additional prospective studies to establish a clearer picture of micronutrient deficiencies post-SG are needed.
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6.
Micronutrients in support to the one carbon cycle for the modulation of blood fasting homocysteine in PCOS women.
Schiuma, N, Costantino, A, Bartolotti, T, Dattilo, M, Bini, V, Aglietti, MC, Renga, M, Favilli, A, Falorni, A, Gerli, S
Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2020;(6):779-786
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Abstract
PURPOSE Fasting blood homocysteine is increased in PCOS women and is involved in several of its co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease and infertility. Corrective interventions based on the administration of supra-physiologic doses of folic acid work to a low extent. We aimed to test an alternative approach. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, parallel group, open label, controlled versus no treatment clinical study. PCOS women aged > 18, free from systemic diseases and from pharmacological treatments were randomized with a 2:1 ratio for treatment with activated micronutrients in support to the carbon cycle (Impryl, Parthenogen, Switzerland-n = 22) or no treatment (n = 10) and followed-up for 3 months. Fasting blood homocysteine, AMH, testosterone, SHBGs, and the resulting FTI were tested before and at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS The mean baseline fasting blood homocysteine was above the normal limit of 12 μMol/L and inversely correlated with SHBG. AMH was also increased, whereas testosterone, SHBG, and FTI were within the normal limit. The treatment achieved a significant reduction of homocysteine, that did not change in the control group, independently of the starting value. The treatment also caused an increase of AMH and a decrease of SHBGs only in the subgroup with a normal homocysteine at baseline. CONCLUSIONS In PCOS ladies, blood homocysteine is increased and inversely correlated with the SHBGs. Physiologic amounts of activated micronutrients in support to the carbon cycle achieve a reduction virtually in all exposed patients. Whether this is of clinical benefit remains to be established.
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Multiple Micronutrients and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Massari, M, Novielli, C, Mandò, C, Di Francesco, S, Della Porta, M, Cazzola, R, Panteghini, M, Savasi, V, Maggini, S, Schaefer, E, et al
Nutrients. 2020;(8)
Abstract
Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy needs to meet increased nutritional demands to maintain metabolism and to support fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for fetal neuro-/visual development and in immunomodulation, accumulating rapidly within the developing brain and central nervous system. Levels available to the fetus are governed by the maternal diet. In this multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated once-daily supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA (i.e., multiple micronutrient supplementation, MMS) on maternal biomarkers and infant anthropometric parameters during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared with no supplementation. Primary efficacy endpoint: change in maternal red blood cell (RBC) DHA (wt% total fatty acids) during the study. Secondary variables: other biomarkers of fatty acid and oxidative status, vitamin D, and infant anthropometric parameters at delivery. Supplementation significantly increased RBC DHA levels, the omega-3 index, and vitamin D levels. Subscapular skinfold thickness was significantly greater with MMS in infants. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups. This first randomized controlled trial of supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women indicated that MMS significantly improved maternal DHA and vitamin D status in an industrialized setting-an important finding considering the essential roles of DHA and vitamin D.
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[Analysis of the biochemical, anthropometric profile, and of antioxidant micronutrient ingestion in patients with resistant arterial hypertension].
Vildoso, PSV, Pinho, JDS, Mattos, APA, Rocha, GS, Barroso, SG, Huguenin, GVB, Matos, A
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2020;(6):1209-1216
Abstract
Introduction: resistant arterial hypertension (HAR) is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular events due to oxidative stress. Research has shown the beneficial effects of dietary antioxidants on cardiovascular health. Objective: to analyze and correlate the biochemical, anthropometric profile and intake of antioxidant micronutrients of patients with HAR. Material and methods: the patients underwent a biochemical assessment, and an anthropometric assessment to calculate body mass index (IMC), waist circumference (PCI), hip circumference (PCA), waist-to-hip ratio (ICC), and micronutrient intake assessment: vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and zinc, estimated by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS Statistics 20 software. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: sixty individuals with HAR were studied, with a mean age of 62.83 ± 10.73 years. Mean IMC was 31.01 ± 5.60 kg/m², PCI, 98.12 ± 15.04 cm, PCA, 110.55 ± 13.16 cm, and ICC, 0.879 ± 0.084. Regarding the biochemical profile, mean total colesterol was 187.65 ± 48.29 mg/dL, triglycerides, 136.38 ± 99.91 mg/dL; HDL-col, 49.00 ± 10.99 mg/dL; LDL-col, 112.01 ± 41.89 mg/dL; glucose, 105.37 ± 14.81 mg/dL, and glycated hemoglobin, 6.29 ± 1.76 %. The average daily intake of antioxidants was: vitamin A, 241.47 ± 191.87 µg/d; vitamin C, 147.02 ± 192.94 mg/d; vitamin E, 1.99 ± 1.82 mg/d; selenium, 36.80 ± 34.56 µg/d, and zinc, 99.91 ± 6.64 mg/d, where 91.38 %, 46.55 %, 93.10 %, 67.24 %, and 46.55 % of the sample were below the recommended intakes, respectively. Conclusion: inadequate antioxidant intake was observed in these patients with HAR, with a high prevalence of obesity, especially visceral adiposity and alterations in lipid profile, conditions that require a greater usage of these micronutrients. We suggest there is a need for dietary planning for these patients to improve their quality of life and their response to antihypertensive treatment.
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Nutritional Status in Peritoneal Dialysis: Nutritional Guidelines, Adequacy and the Management of Malnutrition.
Kiebalo, T, Holotka, J, Habura, I, Pawlaczyk, K
Nutrients. 2020;(6)
Abstract
The positive impact of nutritional status on the health and treatment adequacy of peritoneal dialyzed patients has been well established. Protein intake is an important factor used to stratify malnutrition, with inadequate intake leading to protein-energy wasting during the course of therapy. In this review, we discuss the recommendations made by nephrological societies regarding nutrition in this population of dialysis patients. Special attention is given to the intake of protein, and recommendations on the intake of micronutrients are also discussed. Furthermore, factors that may impair nutritional intake and balance are discussed, with mention of the innovative strategies utilized to combat them. In light of inconsistent recommendations that vary between each respective society, as well as a general lack of concise information, it is our intention to call for further research regarding nutritional recommendations in peritoneal dialysis (PD), as well as to advocate for clear and accessible information for patients.
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10.
[Exploiting dietary supplements with antioxidant properties for enhancing physical efficiency at the state of physical fatigue in sports].
Kornyakova, VV, Badtieva, VA, Balandin, MY
Voprosy pitaniia. 2020;(3):86-96
Abstract
The aim of the review was to analyze the current scientific data concerning the dietary supplements (DS) with antioxidant activity to be recommended for using in order to improve physical performance in professional athletes experiencing fatigue. Material and methods. Online publications reviewing has been performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases, eLibrary platform, Cyberleninka. Results. Maintaining an athlete organism various systems functioning at the optimum level is known to be represented enough effective only with application of dietary supplements. The results of comprehensive up-to-date foreign and domestic scientific researches concerning dietary supplements including components with antioxidant activity to be recommended for delaying fatigue onset and improving physical performance in athletes have been analyzed. Application of such dietary supplements is dictated by the necessity to increase antioxidant organism defense, to maintain the normal functioning of a number of enzymes and prevent oxidative stress. The effectiveness of dietary supplements containing such components as vitamins E, A, and C; selenium, succinic and alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, glutathione and other natural sources of antioxidants have been discussed in the review. The analysis of the data presented in the current scientific literature have confirmed the urgency of additional researches with the aim of receiving sufficient pieces of evidences of effectiveness of a number of dietary supplements with antioxidant activity in physical fatigue. Conclusion. For postponing fatigue and improving physical efficiency in sports there appear to be reasonable to use dietary supplements possessing antioxidant properties with effectiveness confirmed by scientific researches.