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Carbohydrate mouth rinse improves cycling performance carried out until the volitional exhaustion.
Bavaresco Gambassi, B, Gomes de Santana Barros Leal, Y, Pinheiro Dos Anjos, ER, Antonelli, BA, Gomes Gonçalves E Silva, DC, Hermes Pires de Mélo Montenegro, I, di Cássia de Oliveira Angelo, R, Suruagy Correia Moura, I, Schwingel, PA
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2019;(1):1-5
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrates (CHO) are among the most investigated nutritional ergogenic aids, and may be consumed in different forms, e.g., mouth rinse with carbohydrate solution (MRCS). In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MRCS on the performance of physically active individuals undergoing a physical exercise session carried out until the volitional exhaustion. METHODS This is a counter-balanced randomized study, with a double-blind design. The sample consisted of twenty-one physically active healthy men with a mean (±SD) of age of 22.4 (±2.7) years old, 76.7 (±6.0) cm of height,12.1% (±3.7) of body fat mass, and 23.9 (±2.4) kg/m2 of body mass index. After familiarizing the participants with the protocol (cycle ergometer, with oral mouth rinse procedure) and assessing the maximal lactate steady state the cycling exercise was performed until the volitional exhaustion in the following conditions: without mouth rinse (CONTROL), PLACEBO and MRCS. RESULTS Time to reach exhaustion was statistically different (P<0.0001) between conditions (control: 43.0±27.5 minutes; placebo: 57.4±30.6 minutes; MRCS 70.9±30.3 minutes). CONCLUSIONS The administration of MRCS was shown to be effective in improving cycling performance, increasing the time to exhaustion until the volitional exhaustion. Thus, the use of methodology proposed by the present study may help coaches and practitioners improve the performance of physically active young adults.
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The effect of an oral care protocol and honey mouthwash on mucositis in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy: a single-blind clinical trial.
Khanjani Pour-Fard-Pachekenari, A, Rahmani, A, Ghahramanian, A, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Onyeka, TC, Davoodi, A
Clinical oral investigations. 2019;(4):1811-1821
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of honey mouthwash and an oral care protocol on mucositis and weight loss in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this single-blind clinical trial, 53 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients receiving chemotherapy were randomly assigned into three groups: honey mouthwash (n = 17), oral care (n = 17), and control (n = 19). The severity of mucositis and weights was examined blindly at the baseline and 4-week follow-up. RESULTS The prevalence of grades of mucositis in the study groups was significant at the end of the third (p = 0.002) and fourth (p < 0.001) weeks. The mucositis severity decreased at the end of the third and fourth weeks in the honey mouthwash group (p < 0.05), whereas it increased in the control group (p < 0.001). The difference in the weight was significant between the honey mouthwash and the control groups (p < 0.05, MD = 1.95) at the end of the third week, and between the honey mouthwash group with the control (p < 0.01, MD = 2.92) and oral care groups (p < 0.05, MD = 1.95) at the end of the fourth week. CONCLUSIONS Honey mouthwash is effective in preventing and reducing the severity of mucositis, and weight loss and can be recommended for patients undergoing chemotherapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study suggest that honey mouthwash can reduce the incidence and severity of mucositis in patients, reduce or eliminate the possibility of weight loss in them, as well as encourage some weight gain. Compared to routine oral care, honey mouthwash is also easier to use and handle. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT2015121419919N7.
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N-Acetylcysteine Rinse for Thick Secretion and Mucositis of Head and Neck Chemoradiotherapy (Alliance MC13C2): A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.
Sio, TT, Blanchard, MJ, Novotny, PJ, Patel, SH, Rwigema, JM, Pederson, LD, McGee, LA, Gamez, ME, Seeger, GR, Martenson, JA, et al
Mayo Clinic proceedings. 2019;(9):1814-1824
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether N-acetylcysteine rinse was safe and could improve thickened secretions and dry mouth during and after radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We designed a prospective pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (Alliance MC13C2). Adult patients (age ≥18 years) were enrolled if they underwent chemoradiotherapy (≥60 Gy). Patients initiated testing rinse within 3 days of starting radiotherapy. With swish-and-spit, they received 10% N-acetylcysteine (2500 mg daily) or placebo rinse solution 5 times daily during radiotherapy and 2 weeks postradiotherapy. The primary aim was to evaluate N-acetylcysteine in improvement of saliva viscosity with the Groningen Radiotherapy-Induced Xerostomia questionnaire. Secondary aims included evaluating xerostomia improvement by the same questionnaire and with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Head and Neck-35 Questions survey and adverse-event profiles. The type I error rate was 20%. RESULTS Thirty-two patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were balanced for placebo (n=17) and N-acetylcysteine (n=15). N-acetylcysteine was better for improving sticky saliva (area under curve, P=.12). Scores of multiple secondary end points favored N-acetylcysteine, including sticky saliva daytime (P=.04), daytime and total xerostomia (both P=.02), pain (P=.18), and trouble with social eating (P=.15). Repeated measures models confirmed the findings. Taste was a major dissatisifer for N-acetylcysteine rinse; however, both testing rinses were safe and well tolerated overall. CONCLUSION Our pilot data showed that N-acetylcysteine rinse was safe and provided strong evidence of potential efficacy for improving thickened saliva and xerostomia by patient-reported outcome. A confirmatory phase 3 trial is required. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02123511.
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The effectiveness of a saline mouth rinse regimen and education programme on radiation-induced oral mucositis and quality of life in oral cavity cancer patients: A randomised controlled trial.
Huang, BS, Wu, SC, Lin, CY, Fan, KH, Chang, JT, Chen, SC
European journal of cancer care. 2018;(2):e12819
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent chemotherapy RT (CCRT) generate radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) and lower quality of life (QOL). This study assessed the impact of a saline mouth rinse regimen and education programme on radiation-induced OM symptoms, and QOL in oral cavity cancer (OCC) patients receiving RT or CCRT. Ninety-one OCC patients were randomly divided into a group that received saline mouth rinses and an education programme and a control group that received standard care. OM symptoms and QOL were assessed with the WHO Oral Toxicity Scale, MSS-moo and UW-QOL. Data were collected at the first postoperative visit to the radiation department (T0) and at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after beginning RT or CCRT. Patients in both groups had significantly higher levels of physical and social-emotional QOL at 8 weeks after beginning RT or CCRT compared to the first visit. Patients in the saline rinse group had significantly better physical and social-emotional QOL as compared to the standard care group at 8 weeks. Radiation-induced OM symptoms and overall QOL were not different between the groups. We thus conclude the saline rinse and education programme promote better physical and social-emotional QOL in OCC patients receiving RT/CCRT.
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Postoperative effects on lower third molars of using mouthwashes with super-oxidized solution versus 0.2% chlorhexidine gel: A randomized double-blind trial.
Coello-Gómez, A, Navarro-Suárez, S, Diosdado-Cano, JM, Azcárate-Velazquez, F, Bargiela-Pérez, P, Serrera-Figallo, MA, Torres-Lagares, D, Gutiérrez-Pérez, JL
Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 2018;(6):e716-e722
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects and possible benefits with regard to the postoperative period of lower third molar extractions, comparing the intraalveolar application of a bioadhesive gel of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) to the use of a mouthwash with a super-oxidized solution, (SOS) Dermacyn® Wound Care (Oculus Innovative Sciences lnc., California, USA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized double-blind study was carried out in 20 patients with a split-mouth design, with a total of 40 extractions of symmetrically impacted bilateral lower third molars. Patients were divided into two groups, a control group (C = 20) and an experimental group (D = 20). Any infectious complications, wound healing, plaque accumulation in the stitches, and presence of trismus and inflammation were evaluated using the distance between different facial points, at three, eight, and fifteen days after extraction. Pain, swelling, and amount of analgesics taken were evaluated using the VAS scale throughout the 15 days following extraction. Tolerance to treatment was evaluated using a verbal scale. Results were statistically compared using the Student's t- and chi-squared tests. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to infectious complications, swelling, or wound healing. Use of analgesics and self-reported pain levels were slightly lower in the experimental group than in the control group during days 6 and 7 of the study (p < 0.05). The global treatment tolerance was satisfactory and similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both CHX and SOS are effective at improving the postoperative period after extraction of lower third molars.
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Reduction of FENO by tap water and carbonated water mouthwashes: magnitude and time course.
Lassmann-Klee, PG, Lindholm, T, Metsälä, M, Halonen, L, Sovijärvi, ARA, Piirilä, P
Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 2018;(1-2):153-156
Abstract
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) assesses eosinophilic inflammation of the airways, but FENO values are also influenced by oral nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this pilot study was to measure FENO and compare the effect of two different mouthwashes on FENO and analyse the duration of the effect. FENO was measured in 12 randomized volunteers (healthy or asthmatic subjects) with a NIOX VERO® analyser at an expiratory flow rate of 50 mL/s. After a baseline measurement, a mouthwash was performed either with tap water or carbonated water and was measured during 20 min in 2 min intervals. The procedure was repeated with the other mouthwash. We found that both mouthwashes reduced FENO immediately at the beginning compared to the baseline (p < .001). The carbonated water mouthwash effect lasted 12 min (p ranging from <0.001 to <0.05). The tap water mouthwash reduced FENO statistically significantly only for 2 min compared with the baseline. We conclude that a single carbonated water mouthwash can significantly reduce the oropharyngeal NO contribution during a 12 min time interval.
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Carbohydrate mouth rinse does not affect performance during a 60-min running race in women.
Chryssanthopoulos, C, Ziaras, C, Oosthuyse, T, Lambropoulos, I, Giorgios P, P, Zacharogiannis, E, Philippou, A, Maridaki, M
Journal of sports sciences. 2018;(7):824-833
Abstract
This study examined the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on endurance running performance in women. Fifteen female recreational endurance runners, who used no oral contraceptives, ran two races of 1-h duration on an indoor track (216-m length) at 18:00 h after an 8-h fast with a 7-days interval between races, corresponding to the 3rd-10th day of each premenopausal runner's menstrual cycle, or any day for the postmenopausal runners. In a double-blind random order, participants rinsed their mouth with 25 ml of either a 6.4% carbohydrate (RCHO) or a placebo solution (RP). No fluid was ingested during exercise. Serum 17β-Εstradiol (P = 0.59) and Progesterone (P = 0.35) did not differ between treatments. There was no difference in 1-hour running performance (RCHO: 10,621.88 ± 205.98 m vs. RP: 10,454.00 ± 206.64 m; t = 1.784, P = 0.096). Furthermore, the mean percentage effect (±99%CI) of RCHO relative to RP, 1.67% (-1.1% to 4.4%), and Cohen's effect size (d = 0.21) support a trivial outcome of RCHO for total distance covered. In conclusion, carbohydrate mouth rinsing did not improve 60-min track running performance in female recreational runners competing in a low ovarian hormone condition, after an 8-h fast and when no fluid was ingested during exercise.
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Impact of gingivitis treatment for diabetic patients on quality of life related to periodontal objective parameters: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
Cortelli, SC, Costa, FO, Gargioni-Filho, A, Aquino, DR, Cota, LOM, Scherma, AP, Miranda, TB, Cortelli, JR
Archives of oral biology. 2018;:80-86
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with diabetes have a poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). It is not clear if this situation could be changed with effective periodontal treatment. This study examined both patients with diabetes and systemically healthy individuals to discover the impact of a gingivitis treatment protocol on OHRQoL and its relation to objective periodontal parameters. DESIGN After ultrasonic debridement, patients were randomly assigned to an essential-oils (EO) or placebo mouthwash group. At baseline and 3 months, OHRQoL was assessed with the Oral Health and Quality of Life-United Kingdom questionnaire (OHQoL-UK) along with clinical, halitometric, microbiological and inflammatory objective parameters. The primary outcome was a change in OHQoL-UK scores. A factor analysis was performed and the impact of the extracted quality of life factor (QLF) and its interactions with diabetes, treatment, and time on the objective parameters, were tested by multiple linear regression models (p < 0.05). Chi-Square test compared questionnaire-answering profiles (p<0.05). RESULTS Combined treatment with EO provided OHQoL improvements in both systemic conditions. Positive effect of oral health status on quality of life increased in EO groups but not in placebo groups. Question I (self-confidence) showed the greatest factorial weight, while Question A (food intake) showed the lowest factorial weight. All patients who showed OHRQoL improvements and used the EO rinse showed the lowest plaque and gingival indices and lower levels of bacteria and volatile sulfur compounds. CONCLUSIONS OHRQoL positively changed overtime. Most effective treatment protocols would provide better improvements in OHRQoL which is related to periodontal objective measures.
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Efficacy of green tea-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mathur, A, Gopalakrishnan, D, Mehta, V, Rizwan, SA, Shetiya, SH, Bagwe, S
Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2018;(2):225-232
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and if appropriate a meta-analysis of the efficacy of daily rinsing with green tea-based mouthwashes in terms of plaque index (PI) and/or gingival index (GI) as compared to other mouthwashes in plaque-induced gingivitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IndMed, Google Scholar, and major journals were searched for studies up to December 2016. A comprehensive search strategy was designed, and the eligible articles were independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers. Randomized controlled trials in which individuals were intervened with oral mouthwashes of interest were included. Where appropriate, a meta-analysis was performed and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for GI and PI were calculated. RESULTS A total of 9 articles out of the 311 titles met the eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis was performed for five studies that compared green tea-based mouthwashes with chlorhexidine (CHX). The SMD for PI was -0.14 (95% CI: -1.70, 1.43; P = 0.86 and I2 = 94%), while that for GI was 0.43 ((95% CI: -0.63, 1.49; P = 0.43, I2 = 89%). Both these estimates suffered from significant heterogeneity. For both PI and GI, two studies were in favor of green tea while three studies were in favor of CHX. CONCLUSIONS Green tea-based mouthwashes can be considered an alternative to CHX mouthwashes in sustaining oral hygiene, especially because of the added advantages provided by such herbal preparations.
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Prevention of Stomatitis: Using Dexamethasone-Based Mouthwash to Inhibit Everolimus-Related Stomatitis.
Saigal, B, Guerra, L
Clinical journal of oncology nursing. 2018;(2):211-217
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common class-specific toxicity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors is stomatitis. Some patients experience a severe form of mTOR inhibitor-associated stomatitis (mIAS) that can have a negative effect on nutritional status, compromise quality of life, and potentially lead to nonadherence, reducing the efficacy of cancer therapy. OBJECTIVES This article aims to address an unmet need for education about mIAS among oncology nurses and patients and to share findings about everolimus-related stomatitis from the SWISH trial. METHODS The authors reviewed the literature on mIAS and selected a case series of experiences to illustrate successes and clinical challenges that an oncology nurse might encounter when caring for patients with advanced breast cancer who may develop everolimus-related stomatitis. FINDINGS Recommendations are provided for oncology nurses to educate patients on prevention, early detection, monitoring, and management strategies to mitigate the incidence and severity of everolimus-related stomatitis.