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1.
Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate nanoparticle-filled dental cement.
Xie, X, Wang, L, Xing, D, Qi, M, Li, X, Sun, J, Melo, MAS, Weir, MD, Oates, TW, Bai, Y, et al
Dental materials journal. 2019;(1):1-10
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Abstract
The objectives were to develop a novel rechargeable cement containing amorphous calcium-phosphate nanoparticles (nanoACP) to suppress tooth decay. Five cements were made with: (1) 60% glass particles (experimental control); (2) 40% glass+20% nanoACP; (3) 30% glass+30% nanoACP; (4) 20% glass+40% nanoACP; (5) 10% glass+50% nanoACP. Groups 1-4 had enamel bond strengths similar to Transbond XT (3M) and Vitremer (3M) (p>0.1). The nanoACP cement had calcium and phosphate ion release which increased with increasing nanoACP fillers. The recharged cement had substantial ion re-release continuously for 14 days after a single recharge. Ion re-release did not decrease with increasing recharge/re-release cycles. Groups 3-5 maintained a safe pH of medium (>5.5); however, control cements had cariogenic pH of medium (<4.5) due to biofilm acid. Therefore, nanoACP cement (1) had good bond strength to enamel, (2) possessed calcium and phosphate ion recharge/re-release capability, and (3) raised biofilm pH to a safe level to inhibit caries.
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2.
The absorptive effects of orobuccal non-liposomal nano-sized glutathione on blood glutathione parameters in healthy individuals: A pilot study.
Bruggeman, BK, Storo, KE, Fair, HM, Wommack, AJ, Carriker, CR, Smoliga, JM
PloS one. 2019;(4):e0215815
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione is an endogenous antioxidant found in oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) forms. Glutathione depletion is indicative of oxidative stress and occurs in various pathological conditions and following extreme exercise activity. Raising blood glutathione concentration has potential to attenuate and prevent chronic disease and also to improve recovery from exercise. There are a number of challenges to achieving this through traditional dietary supplements, and thus there is a need to develop optimized delivery methods to improve blood glutathione status. This study evaluated the effect of a novel glutathione formulation on blood glutathione parameters in healthy individuals. METHODS 15 (8 male) healthy individuals (25±5y old, 78.0±14.6kg) participated in a single-blinded randomized placebo-controlled crossover study, with a minimum one-week washout period between treatments. Participants were overnight fasted and administered 1mL of a non-liposomal nano-size glutathione solution (NLNG) containing 200mg of glutathione or 1mL of placebo lacking glutathione. The solution was held in the mouth for 90 seconds before the remainder was swallowed. Blood was collected at baseline, 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post-treatment. Protein-bound plasma and erythrocyte lysate concentrations of GSH and GSSG were measured at all time points using previously validated procedures. Linear mixed effects models were used to compare differences between baseline and post-treatment glutathione concentrations between NLNG and placebo for each parameter. RESULTS There was a significant main effect for treatment type, such that increases in GSH concentration in erythrocyte lysate were greater following NLNG than placebo (p = 0.001). Similar significant main effects for treatment were also found for total (protein bound + erythrocyte lysate) GSH (p = 0.015) and GSSG (p = 0.037) concentration, as well as total blood glutathione pool (GSH+GSSG, p = 0.006). DISCUSSION NLNG increased multiple blood glutathione parameters compared to placebo. Future research should examine whether NLNG can attenuate oxidative stress.
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3.
A Review on Targeting Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer.
Alqaraghuli, HGJ, Kashanian, S, Rafipour, R
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. 2019;(13):1087-1107
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents have been used extensively in breast cancer remedy. However, most anticancer drugs cannot differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells, leading to toxic side effects. Also, the resulted drug resistance during chemotherapy reduces treatment efficacy. The development of targeted drug delivery offers great promise in breast cancer treatment both in clinical applications and in pharmaceutical research. Conjugation of nanocarriers with targeting ligands is an effective therapeutic strategy to treat cancer diseases. In this review, we focus on active targeting methods for breast cancer cells through the use of chemical ligands such as antibodies, peptides, aptamers, vitamins, hormones, and carbohydrates. Also, this review covers all information related to these targeting ligands, such as their subtypes, advantages, disadvantages, chemical modification methods with nanoparticles and recent published studies (from 2015 to present). We have discussed 28 different targeting methods utilized for targeted drug delivery to breast cancer cells with different nanocarriers delivering anticancer drugs to the tumors. These different targeting methods give researchers in the field of drug delivery all the information and techniques they need to develop modern drug delivery systems.
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4.
Comparative study on anti-proliferative potentials of zinc oxide and aluminium oxide nanoparticles in colon cancer cells.
Subramaniam, VD, Ramachandran, M, Marotta, F, Banerjee, A, Sun, XF, Pathak, S
Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis. 2019;(2):241-247
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Use of commercial products containing nanoparticles formulated from zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminium oxide (Al2O-3) has increased significantly. These nanoparticles are widely used as ingredient in cosmetics, and also in food packaging industry although their toxicity status is yet to be studied. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and aluminium oxide nanoparticles (ANPs) in human HT29 colon cancer cell line. METHODS In this study, ZnO-NPs were synthesized by chemical method and ANPs synthesized by sol-gel method and were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X ray diffraction and Transmittance electron microscopy. The effects of ZnO-NPs and ANPs was determined by cell viability, membrane integrity and colony formation potentials. RESULTS ZnO-NPs and ANPs inhibit HT29, colon cancer cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, and affect the membrane potentials and also prevent the colony formation. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that ZnO NPs are found to be more effective than ANPs in reducing colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Magnetic cellulose nanoparticles as sorbents for stir bar-sorptive dispersive microextraction of polychlorinated biphenyls in juice samples.
Abujaber, F, Guzmán Bernardo, FJ, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios, RC
Talanta. 2019;:266-270
Abstract
Magnetic cellulose nanoparticles (MCNPs) were used for the first time as sorbents for stir bar-sorptive dispersive microextraction (SBSDME). The main experimental parameters involved in the SBSDME process that affect extraction (i.e. amount of MCNPs, ionic strength, pH, extraction and back-extraction time) were investigated. The method was applied to the determination of nine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fruit juice samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Under the optimized conditions, a good linearity was obtained in a concentration range of 10-1000 ng mL-1 with determination coefficients over 0.9945. Limits of detection and quantification for all target PCBs were in the range 2.1-54 ng L-1 and 7.0-180 ng L-1, respectively. Intra-day precision ranged from 1.7% to 8.8% and inter-day precision from 3.4% to 9.3% RSD. The enrichment factors of the analytes were from 74.6 to 98.2. The MCNPs can be reused up to 5 times. The method was applied to commercial orange and pineapple juices (n = 5), where concentrations were below the limits of detection. Recoveries from 70.4 to 108.0% were obtained by applying the method for the analysis of spiked fruit juice samples at 1 and 2 ng mL-1 concentration levels. The use of cellulose makes this approach environmentally friendly and the magnetism of the resulting sorbent in conjunction with SBSDME provides ease of handling and saving of time.
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6.
Pitfalls in analyzing release from chitosan/tripolyphosphate micro- and nanoparticles.
Cai, Y, Lapitsky, Y
European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V. 2019;:204-215
Abstract
Submicron particles prepared by complexing chitosan with tripolyphosphate (TPP) attract widespread interest as potential drug, gene and vaccine delivery vehicles, and many published studies examine their release properties. Despite these sustained efforts, however, literature on the release performance of chitosan/TPP micro- and nanoparticles is filled with conflicting results, with some reporting nearly instantaneous release, while others showing the release to be sustained for up to multiple days. To resolve these opposing findings, we recently postulated that the in vitro release profiles obtained from chitosan/TPP particles by the standard "sample and separate" or "solvent replacement" method (where the solvent was periodically replaced with fresh buffer and analyzed for the released bioactive molecule content) may have been subject to strong experimental artifacts and not have reflected their true release behavior. To explore this possibility, here we examine several experimental artifacts that may arise during such in vitro experiments and show that conflicting findings on release from chitosan/TPP particles can arise from: (1) incomplete particle separation from the release media upon centrifugation; (2) irreversible particle coagulation; and (3) failure to maintain sink conditions. Moreover, we show that some of the longer-lasting release profiles may reflect the use of physiologically irrelevant (low-ionic-strength) release media. By analyzing and discussing these effects, this article provides guidelines for obtaining more reliable release profiles for chitosan/TPP micro- and nanoparticles and other/related colloidal carriers.
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7.
Nanoformulations of natural products for management of metabolic syndrome.
Taghipour, YD, Hajialyani, M, Naseri, R, Hesari, M, Mohammadi, P, Stefanucci, A, Mollica, A, Farzaei, MH, Abdollahi, M
International journal of nanomedicine. 2019;:5303-5321
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a common metabolic disorder which has become a public health challenge worldwide. There has been growing interest in medications including natural products as complementary or alternative choices for common chemical therapeutics regarding their limited side effects and ease of access. Nanosizing these compounds may help to increase their solubility, bioavailability, and promisingly enhance their efficacy. This study, for the first time, provides a comprehensive overview of the application of natural-products-based nanoformulations in the management of metabolic syndrome. Different phytochemicals including curcumin, berberine, Capsicum oleoresin, naringenin, emodin, gymnemic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, scutellarin, stevioside, silybin, baicalin, and others have been nanosized hitherto, and their nanosizing method and effect in treatment and alleviating metabolic syndrome have been reviewed and discussed in this study. It has been discovered that there are several pathways or molecular targets relevant to metabolic disorders which are affected by these compounds. Various natural-based nanoformulations have shown promising effect in treatment of metabolic syndrome, and therefore can be considered as future candidates instead of or in conjunction with pharmaceutical drugs if they pass clinical trials successfully.
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8.
Multifunctional Magnetic Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles as Fenton-like Reaction and Near-Infrared Photothermal Agents for Synergetic Antibacterial Therapy.
Liu, Y, Guo, Z, Li, F, Xiao, Y, Zhang, Y, Bu, T, Jia, P, Zhe, T, Wang, L
ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2019;(35):31649-31660
Abstract
Synergistic therapeutic strategies for bacterial infection have attracted extensive attentions owing to their enhanced therapeutic effects and less adverse effects compared with monotherapy. Herein, we report a novel synergistic antibacterial platform that integrates the nanocatalytic antibacterial therapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) by hemoglobin-functionalized copper ferrite nanoparticles (Hb-CFNPs). In the presence of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the excellent Fenton and Fenton-like reaction activity of Hb-CFNPs can effectively catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH), rendering an increase in the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane and the sensitivity to heat. With the assistance of NIR irradiation, hyperthermia generated by Hb-CFNPs can induce the death of the damaged bacteria. Additionally, owing to the outstanding magnetic property of Hb-CFNPs, it can improve the photothermal efficiency by about 20 times via magnetic enrichment, which facilitates to realize excellent bactericidal efficacy at a very low experimental dose (20 μg/mL). In vitro antibacterial experiment shows that this synergistic antibacterial strategy has a broad-spectrum antibacterial property against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli, 100%) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, 96.4%). More importantly, in vivo S. aureus-infected abscess treatment studies indicate that Hb-CFNPs can serve as an antibacterial candidate with negligible toxicity to realize synergistic treatment of bacterial infections through catalytic and photothermal effects. Accordingly, this study proposes a novel, high-efficiency, and multifunctional therapeutic system for the treatment of bacterial infection, which will open up a new avenue for the design of synergistic antibacterial systems in the future.
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9.
Zinc sulphide nanoparticle (nZnS): A novel nano-modulator for plant growth.
Thapa, M, Singh, M, Ghosh, CK, Biswas, PK, Mukherjee, A
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2019;:73-83
Abstract
In spite of extraordinary properties of zinc sulphide nanoparticle (nZnS), its role on plant system is not well understood, yet. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the uptake, translocation and effects of nZnS in mung bean (Vigna radiata) plant at 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1 concentrations. In this study, nZnS was synthesized by modified reflux method and physicochemical characterizations were conducted. The effects of nZnS on mung bean plant were determined by seed germination, growth parameters, membrane integrity and ROS-antioxidant defense assays. Our results showed that nZnS treatment has significantly increased seed germination, root-shoot length, pigment content and decreased lipid peroxidation. There were increased total antioxidant activity (TAA), DPPH and flavonoid contents found in treated plants. Also, nZnS treatment did not activate oxidative stress determined by SOD, CAT, CPX, APOX and GR activities. The uptake and translocation of nZnS in mung bean plants were determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), revelling that nZnS localized primarily in the vacuoles and chloroplasts. Besides, electron micrographs showed no alteration in cell structures between treated and control plants, further confirming that nZnS treatment has no phytotoxic effects. In vitro and in vivo studies on Zn release from nZnS were also determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICPMS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), which showed that the Zn release and particles uptake were concentration dependent. Overall, results of this study demonstrated the positive role of nZnS on growth and antioxidant defense responses in V. radiata at the experimental concentrations.
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10.
Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles: a novel therapeutic strategy in treatment of central nervous system disorders.
Yavarpour-Bali, H, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Pirzadeh, M
International journal of nanomedicine. 2019;:4449-4460
Abstract
Curcumin as a hydrophobic polyphenol is extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is widely used as a dietary spice and a topical medication for the treatment of inflammatory disorders in Asia. This compound also possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects with the ability to pass from the blood brain barrier. Based on several pharmacological activities of curcumin, it has been introduced as an ideal candidate for different neurological disorders. Despite the pleiotropic activities of curcumin, poor solubility, rapid clearance and low stability have limited its clinical application. In recent years, nano-based drug delivery system has effectively improved the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. In this review article, the effects of curcumin nanoparticles and their possible mechanism/s of action has been elucidated in various central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases including Parkinson's disease, Huntington disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Furthermore, recent evidences about administration of nano-curcumin in the clinical trial phase have been described in the present review article.