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1.
Order of same-day concurrent training influences some indices of power development, but not strength, lean mass, or aerobic fitness in healthy, moderately-active men after 9 weeks of training.
Lee, MJ, Ballantyne, JK, Chagolla, J, Hopkins, WG, Fyfe, JJ, Phillips, SM, Bishop, DJ, Bartlett, JD
PloS one. 2020;(5):e0233134
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of concurrent exercise order for improving endurance and resistance adaptations remains unclear, particularly when sessions are performed a few hours apart. We investigated the effects of concurrent training (in alternate orders, separated by ~3 hours) on endurance and resistance training adaptations, compared to resistance-only training. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine healthy, moderately-active men (mean ± SD; age 24.5 ± 4.7 y; body mass 74.9 ± 10.8 kg; height 179.7 ± 6.5 cm) performed either resistance-only training (RT, n = 9), or same-day concurrent training whereby high-intensity interval training was performed either 3 hours before (HIIT+RT, n = 10) or after resistance training (RT+HIIT, n = 10), for 3 d.wk-1 over 9 weeks. Training-induced changes in leg press 1-repetition maximal (1-RM) strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, body composition, peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), aerobic power ([Formula: see text]), and lactate threshold ([Formula: see text]) were assessed before, and after both 5 and 9 weeks of training. RESULTS After 9 weeks, all training groups increased leg press 1-RM (~24-28%) and total lean mass (~3-4%), with no clear differences between groups. Both concurrent groups elicited similar small-to-moderate improvements in all markers of aerobic fitness ([Formula: see text] ~8-9%; [Formula: see text] ~16-20%; [Formula: see text] ~14-15%). RT improved CMJ displacement (mean ± SD, 5.3 ± 6.3%), velocity (2.2 ± 2.7%), force (absolute: 10.1 ± 10.1%), and power (absolute: 9.8 ± 7.6%; relative: 6.0 ± 6.6%). HIIT+RT elicited comparable improvements in CMJ velocity only (2.2 ± 2.7%). Compared to RT, RT+HIIT attenuated CMJ displacement (mean difference ± 90%CI, -5.1 ± 4.3%), force (absolute: -8.2 ± 7.1%) and power (absolute: -6.0 ± 4.7%). Only RT+HIIT reduced absolute fat mass (mean ± SD, -11.0 ± 11.7%). CONCLUSIONS In moderately-active males, concurrent training, regardless of the exercise order, presents a viable strategy to improve lower-body maximal strength and total lean mass comparably to resistance-only training, whilst also improving indices of aerobic fitness. However, improvements in CMJ displacement, force, and power were attenuated when RT was performed before HIIT, and as such, exercise order may be an important consideration when designing training programs in which the goal is to improve lower-body power.
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2.
The Effect of 12 Weeks of Different Exercise Training Modalities or Nutritional Guidance on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Vascular Parameters, and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adults: Cardiometabolic High-Intensity Interval Training-Resistance Training Randomized Controlled Study.
Ramírez-Vélez, R, Castro-Astudillo, K, Correa-Bautista, JE, González-Ruíz, K, Izquierdo, M, García-Hermoso, A, Álvarez, C, Ramírez-Campillo, R, Correa-Rodríguez, M
Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2020;(8):2178-2188
Abstract
Ramírez-Vélez, R, Castro-Astudillo, K, Correa-Bautista, JE, González-Ruíz, K, Izquierdo, M, García-Hermoso, A, Álvarez, C, Ramírez-Campillo, R, and Correa-Rodríguez, M. The effect of 12 weeks of different exercise training modalities or nutritional guidance on cardiometabolic risk factors, vascular parameters and physical fitness in overweight adults: cardiometabolic high-intensity interval training-resistance training randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2178-2188, 2020-Evidence suggests that exercise training improves cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), concurrent training (CT = HIIT + RT), or nutritional guidance (NG) induced improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, vascular parameters, and physical fitness in overweight adults, and to compare the responses between the 4 intervention groups. This is a twelve-weeks factorial randomized design examining the effects of different exercise regimes and/or NG on anthropometric and body composition (fat and lean mass at whole body, trunk fat, fat mass index, appendicular muscle mass, and waist circumference); cardiometabolic risk factors and vascular parameters (blood lipids, fasting glucose, blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation [FMD%], aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index); and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness and handgrip strength). Adjusted mixed linear models revealed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (mL·kg·min): HIIT +8.3, RT +4.1, and CT +6.3 (all p < 0.001). The improvement difference between the groups was statistically significant between the HIIT and NG group (p = 0.014), (time × group interaction F(23.564); p < 0.001; η partial = 0.365). In addition, the RT and CT groups have a significant positive impact on PWV (m·s) (d = 0.391 and 0.229 respectively; p < 0.001, (time × group interaction F(5.457); p = 0.003; η partial = 0.280). Hereafter, the RT group has a significant positive impact on the FMD (%) in comparison to HIIT, CT, or NG group (time × group interaction F(2.942); p = 0.044; η partial = 0.174). The main findings of this study are that 12 weeks of HIIT leads to significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas RT resulted in improvements in the vascular profile, supporting the positive effect of both training programs for cardiometabolic risk factors in sedentary and overweight adults.
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3.
Association of objectively measured physical fitness during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal outcomes. The GESTAFIT Project.
Baena-García, L, Coll-Risco, I, Ocón-Hernández, O, Romero-Gallardo, L, Acosta-Manzano, P, May, L, Aparicio, VA
PloS one. 2020;(2):e0229079
Abstract
AIM: To analyse i) the association of physical fitness during early second trimester and late pregnancy with maternal and neonatal outcomes; and ii) to investigate whether physical fitness is associated with the type of birth (vaginal or caesarean section). METHODS Pregnant women from the GESTAFIT Project (n = 159) participated in this longitudinal study. Maternal physical fitness including upper- and lower-body strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and flexibility were measured through objective physical fitness tests at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected from obstetric medical records. Umbilical arterial and venous blood gas pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and oxygen (PO2), were assessed. RESULTS At the 16th week, greater upper-body muscle strength was associated with greater neonatal birth weight (r = 0.191, p<0.05). Maternal flexibility was associated with a more alkaline arterial pH (r = 0.220, p<0.05), higher arterial PO2 (r = 0.237, p<0.05) and lower arterial PCO2 (r = -0.331, p<0.01) in umbilical cord blood. Maternal CRF at the 16th gestational week was related to higher arterial umbilical cord PO2 (r = 0.267, p<0.05). The women who had caesarean sections had lower CRF (p<0.001) at the 16th gestational week and worse clustered overall physical fitness, both at the 16th (-0.227, p = 0.003, confidence interval (CI): -0.376, -0.078) and 34th gestational week (-0.223; p = 0.018; CI: -0.432, -0.015) compared with the women who had vaginal births. CONCLUSION Increasing physical fitness during pregnancy may promote better neonatal outcomes and is associated with a decrease in the risk of caesarean section. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02582567) on October 20, 2015.
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[Approaches to the pre-operative functional assessment of patients with lung cancer and preoperative rehabilitation].
Charloux, A, Enache, I, Pistea, C, Olland, A
Revue des maladies respiratoires. 2020;(10):800-810
Abstract
Surgery is the best treatment for early lung cancer but requires a preoperative functional evaluation to identify patients who may be at a high risk of complications or death. Guideline algorithms include a cardiological evaluation, a cardiopulmonary assessment to calculate the predicted residual lung function, and identify patients needing exercise testing to complete the evaluation. According to most expert opinion, exercise tests have a very high predictive value of complications. However, since the publication of these guidelines, minimally-invasive surgery, sublobar resections, prehabilitation and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes have been developed. Implementation of these techniques and programs is associated with a decrease in postoperative mortality and complications. In addition, the current guidelines and the cut-off values they identified are based on early series of patients, and are designed to select patients before major lung resection (lobectomy-pneumonectomy) performed by thoracotomy. Therefore, after a review of the current guidelines and a brief update on prehabilitation (smoking cessation, exercise training and nutritional aspects), we will discuss the need to redefine functional criteria to select patients who will benefit from lung surgery.
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Effects of high-intensity interval training on endothelial function, lipid profile, body composition and physical fitness in normal-weight and overweight-obese adolescents: A clinical trial.
da Silva, MR, Waclawovsky, G, Perin, L, Camboim, I, Eibel, B, Lehnen, AM
Physiology & behavior. 2020;:112728
Abstract
Endothelium-aggressive factors are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Exercise training can either prevent or attenuate this process, but little is known about the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adolescents. Thus, we assessed the effects of HIIT on endothelial function, lipid profile, body composition and physical fitness in normal-weight and overweight-obese adolescents. Thirty-eight participants aged 14-17 years who were physically inactive (IPAq) were divided in two groups: normal weight (NW, n = 13) and overweight-obese (OW, n = 25). Body composition, lipid profile, physical fitness and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) were assessed before and after undergoing the study protocol consisting of 12-week HIIT (∼15 min) + sport activities (30 min, 3×/week) + no diet. The differences were tested by GEE, Bonferroni post-hoc, p < 0.05. There were no changes in body composition after training period, but the OW group showed a reduction in waist (4.8 cm; p = 0.044) and abdominal circumference (3.7 cm; p = 0.049). We found improved physical fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance, explosive strength, abdominal muscle endurance and flexibility) in both groups. Lower endothelial function was found in the OW compared to NW (p = 0.042) at baseline. FMD increased (p < 0.001) in both groups from baseline (NW Δ4.1%; Cohen's effect size 0.64; OW Δ4.5%; Cohen's effect size 0.73) with no significant difference between the groups. In conclusion, a HIIT program even without any dietary changes can improve physical fitness and endothelial function among adolescents. These findings are clinically relevant because they support a reduction in endothelial damage that precedes the development of atherosclerosis.
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Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on 25-hydroxyvitamin D, irisin, myostatin, and interleukin-6 levels in healthy young men of different fitness levels.
Śliwicka, E, Cisoń, T, Straburzyńska-Lupa, A, Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak, Ł
Scientific reports. 2020;(1):6175
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and thermogenesis. We aimed to investigate the effects of single and repeated exposure to whole-body cryotherapy in volunteers with different physical fitness levels on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and myokines. The study included 22 healthy male volunteers (mean age: 21 ± 1.17 years), who underwent 10 consecutive sessions in a cryogenic chamber once daily (3 minutes, -110 °C). Blood samples were collected before and 30 minutes and 24 hours after the first and last cryotherapy sessions. Prior to treatment, body composition and physical fitness levels were measured. After 10 cryotherapy treatments, significant changes were found in myostatin concentrations in the low physical fitness level (LPhL) group. The 25(OH)D levels were increased in the high physical fitness level (HPhL) group and decreased in the LPhL group. The HPhL group had significant changes in the level of high-sensitivity interleukin-6 after the first treatment. The LPhL group had significant changes in 25(OH)D, irisin, and myostatin levels after the tenth treatment. Our data demonstrated that in healthy young men, cryotherapy affects 25(OH)D levels, but they were small and transient. The body's response to a series of 10 cryotherapy treatments is modified by physical fitness level.
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Effects of Dance/Movement Training vs. Aerobic Exercise Training on cognition, physical fitness and quality of life in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.
Esmail, A, Vrinceanu, T, Lussier, M, Predovan, D, Berryman, N, Houle, J, Karelis, A, Grenier, S, Minh Vu, TT, Villalpando, JM, et al
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2020;(1):212-220
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is generally accepted that physical activity promotes healthy aging. Recent studies suggest dance could also benefit cognition and physical health in seniors, but many styles and approaches of dance exist and rigorous designs for intervention studies are still scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Dance/Movement Training (DMT) to Aerobic Exercise Training (AET) on cognition, physical fitness and health-related quality of life in healthy inactive elderly. METHODS A single-center, randomized, parallel assignment, open label trial was conducted with 62 older adults (mean age = 67.48 ± 5.37 years) recruited from the community. Participants were randomly assigned to a 12-week (3x/week, 1hr/session) DMT program, AET program or control group. Cognitive functioning, physical fitness and health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline (T-0), and post-training (T-12 weeks). RESULTS 41 participants completed the study. Executive and non-executive composite scores showed a significant increase post-training (F(1,37) = 4.35, p = .04; F(1,37) = 7.01, p = .01). Cardiovascular fitness improvements were specific to the AET group (F(2,38) = 16.40, p < .001) while mobility improvements were not group-dependent (10 m walk: F(1,38) = 11.67, p = .002; Timed up and go: F(1,38) = 22.07, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that DMT may have a positive impact on cognition and physical functioning in older adults however further research is needed. This study could serve as a model for designing future RCTs with dance-related interventions. REGISTRATION clinicaltrials. gov Identifier NCT02455258.
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Effects of Exercise on Body Posture, Functional Movement, and Physical Fitness in Children With Overweight/Obesity.
Molina-Garcia, P, Mora-Gonzalez, J, Migueles, JH, Rodriguez-Ayllon, M, Esteban-Cornejo, I, Cadenas-Sanchez, C, Plaza-Florido, A, Gil-Cosano, JJ, Pelaez-Perez, MA, Garcia-Delgado, G, et al
Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2020;(8):2146-2155
Abstract
Molina-Garcia, P, Mora-Gonzalez, J, Migueles, JH, Rodriguez-Ayllon, M, Esteban-Cornejo, I, Cadenas-Sanchez, C, Plaza-Florido, A, Gil-Cosano, JJ, Pelaez-Perez, MA, Garcia-Delgado, G, Vanrenterghem, J, and Ortega, FB. Effects of exercise on body posture, functional movement, and physical fitness in children with overweight/obesity. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2146-2155, 2020-This study aims to analyze whether a 13-week exercise program based on "movement quality" and "multi-games" can lead to simultaneous benefits to body posture, fundamental movements, and physical fitness of children with overweight/obesity. A total of 64 children (10.9 ± 1.3 years, 25.9 ± 3.8 kg·m, 38 girls and 26 boys) with overweight/obesity were assigned either to a 13-week exercise-based intervention group (IG) (n = 33) or to a control group (CG) (n = 31). Subjects underwent assessments of basic anthropometry (body mass and height), body posture (2-dimensional photogrammetry), fundamental movements (Functional Movement Screen), and physical fitness (1 repetition maximum [1RM] arm and leg press, and ALPHA test battery). After the exercise program, the IG reduced lower limb angle (high effect size: -0.82 SDs; p = 0.001) and plumb-tragus distance (low effect: -0.43 SDs; p = 0.002) in the sagittal plane and increased lower limb angle in the frontal plane (high effect: 0.82 SDs; p = 0.003) compared with the CG. The IG improved their performance in deep squat (p = 0.004), active straight leg raise (p < 0.001), 1RM arm (low effect: 0.46 SDs; p = 0.002), handgrip strength (medium effect: 0.53 SDs; p < 0.001), and standing long jump (medium effect: 0.59 SDs; p = 0.003), all compared with the CG. In conclusion, children with overweight/obesity who participated in our 13-week exercise program developed a better alignment of the head and lower limb, improved their performance in fundamental movements, and experienced global muscular strength gains compared with the peers who continued with their usual lives. Among other potential implications, these improvements could contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders associated with childhood obesity and could increase adherence by positioning these children in a better physical status to keep practicing exercise.
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The mediation effect of anthropometry and physical fitness on the relationship between birthweight and basal metabolic rate in children.
Nobre, IG, Moura-Dos-Santos, MA, Nobre, GG, Santos, RMD, da Costa Ribeiro, I, Carvalho Jurema Santos, G, da Silva da Fonseca, EV, Santos de Oliveira, TLP, Ferreira E Silva, WT, Nazare, JA, et al
Journal of developmental origins of health and disease. 2020;(6):640-647
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birthweight (BW) has been associated with anthropometry, body composition and physical fitness during growth and development of children. However, less is known about the mediation effect of those variables on the relationship between BW and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in children. OBJECTIVE To analyse the mediation effect of anthropometry, body composition and physical fitness on the association between BW and BMR in children. METHODS In total, 499 children (254 boys, 245 girls) aged 7-10 years were included. Anthropometry (weight, height, head, waist and hip circumferences), body composition (skinfolds thickness, body fat percentage), physical fitness (handgrip strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, muscular explosive power, agility, running speed) and BMR were evaluated. The analyses were conducted by: single-mediator analysis (SMA) and multi-mediator analysis (MMA). RESULTS The SMA indicates height, head, waist and hip circumferences and handgrip strength as significant mediators of BW on BMR for boys and height, hip circumference and handgrip strength as significant mediators of BW on BMR for girls. In MMA for girls, there were significant indirect effects for height, hip circumference and handgrip strength, with 79.08% of percent mediation. For boys, the head and waist circumferences mediation had a significant indirect effect, with 83.37% of percent mediation. CONCLUSION The anthropometric variables associated with BW were body height, head, hip and waist circumferences for boys and body height and hip circumference for girls. The current study provides new evidence that height and handgrip strength during childhood mediated the relationship between BW and BMR.
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The effects of a 6-month moderate-intensity Hatha yoga-based training program on health-related fitness in middle-aged sedentary women: a randomized controlled study.
Boraczyński, MT, Boraczyński, TW, Wójcik, Z, Gajewski, J, Laskin, JJ
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2020;(8):1148-1158
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is paucity of data examining the effectiveness of long-term Hatha yoga-based (HY) programs focused on the health-related fitness (H-RF) of asymptomatic, sedentary women. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-month HY-based training program on H-RF components in sedentary middle-aged women. METHODS Eighty sedentary women were randomly assigned into either the HY group (HYG) (N.=42) or the control group (CG) (N.=38). The 6-month HYG program involved a progressive series of Vinyasa Flow poses performed 3 times/week for 60 minutes (40 minutes within the exercise zone of 60-75% HRmax). The CG participants did not undergo any physical training or education. Health-related fitness parameters included measures of pre- and post-training: body composition, muscular strength and maximal voluntary isometric torques of elbow flexors and knee extensors, cardio-respiratory fitness, lower back and hamstring flexibility and a static-dynamic balance. RESULTS Two-way mixed design ANOVA revealed significant main effects for all the indicators of H-RF. Tukey post-hoc tests confirmed that the HYG demonstrated significant improvements in every variable tested. Examples of the benefits achieved include (all P<.001): an average loss of 1.03 kg and a 4.82% decrease in body fat, 14.6% and 13.1% gains in isometric strength of the knee extensors and elbow flexors respectively, an increase in relative VO2max of 6.1% (33.12±5.30 to 35.14±4.82 mL/kg/min), a 4-cm or 10.4% increase in their MSAR, and an average improved Balance Index of 5.6 mm/s. Reversely, the CG showed non-significant changes in H-RF variables (all P>0.05; percent range from -1.4% to 1.1%). CONCLUSIONS By participating in a moderate-intensity 6-month HY-based training program, middle-aged women can significantly improve their HR-F status. The application of progressive target heart rate goals facilitated greater than expected improvements in cardio-respiratory fitness and improvements in body composition.