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1.
The best route of administration of lavender for anxiety: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Sayed, AM, Morsy, S, Tawfik, GM, Naveed, S, Minh-Duc, NT, Hieu, TH, Ali, ZA, Shinkar, A, Doheim, MF, Hashan, MR, et al
General hospital psychiatry. 2020;:33-40
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is preliminary evidence for lavender as an anxiolytic agent through various routes of administration. Our goal is to elucidate the best route of administration for lavender as a treatment for anxiety. METHODS Thirteen electronic search engines were systematically scanned for relevant publications. The relevant articles were included after the title and abstract screening followed by the full-text screening. This study included randomized control trials reporting lavender for the treatment of anxiety. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017076711). Frequentist network meta-analysis and Bayesian meta-regression were conducted to report the best treatment modality and the effect of covariates on the effectiveness as an anxiolytic. Treatment arms were ordered according P-scores, where higher P-score indicates better treatment choice. RESULTS Forty studies were eligible for qualitative analysis, and 32 were included in quantitative analysis. Lavender aromatherapy was the best approach for the treatment of anxiety among other lavender modalities at the first week recording [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = -0.57, 95% CI (-1.14-0.01), P-score = 0.72], in addition to achieve at the first time points [SMD = -0, 95% CI (-0.97 ̶ -0.16), P-score = 0.69], compared to placebo; however, lavender massage along with foot bath were found to be the most efficacious for anxiety treatment at the study endpoint [SMD = -1.10, 95% CI = (-7.41 ̶ 5.21), P-score = 0.65]. Furthermore, network meta-regression revealed that the duration of therapy influenced treatment, suggesting Silexan (oral lavender) 80 mg (first rank probability = .116) as the favorable option for anxiety in long-term treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lavender aromatherapy is, clinically, superior in short-duration, while Silexan (oral lavender) 80 mg is preferable for long-term treatment of anxiety.
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2.
Effect of evening primrose oil supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Khorshidi, M, Zarezadeh, M, Moradi Moghaddam, O, Emami, MR, Kord-Varkaneh, H, Mousavi, SM, Alizadeh, S, Heshmati, J, Olang, B, Aryaeian, N
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2020;(10):2628-2638
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that evening primrose oil (EPO) supplementation might be effective in improving lipid profile, however, the results are inconsistent. This study was performed to determine the direction and magnitude of the EPO effect on the lipid profile. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched up to September-2019. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Lipid profile including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was considered as the primary outcome. RESULTS A total of 926 articles were identified through database searching, of which, six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. There were six studies on HDL, TC, and TG and four studies on LDL. EPO supplementation had no significant effect on TC, TG, LDL, and HDL. However, in subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in TG at a dose of ≤4 g/day (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -37.28 mg/dl; 95% CI: -73.53 to -1.03, p = .044) and a significant increase in HDL in hyperlipidemic subjects (WMD = 5.468 mg/dl; 95% CI: 1.323 to 9.614, p = .010) was found. CONCLUSION Oral intake of EPO at a dose of ≤4 g/day significantly reduces serum TG levels and significantly increases HDL levels in hyperlipidemic subjects.
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3.
The anti-spasmodic effect of peppermint oil during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Aziz, M, Sharma, S, Ghazaleh, S, Fatima, R, Acharya, A, Ghanim, M, Sheikh, T, Lee-Smith, W, Hamdani, SU, Nawras, A
Minerva gastroenterologica e dietologica. 2020;(2):164-171
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple pharmacological agents have been studied in literature with antispasmodic effect during colonoscopy. Peppermint oil, with its relaxing effect on colon has demonstrated varying results. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate its role during colonoscopy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Literature search of the following databases was undertaken: PubMed\Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Outcomes that were evaluated included incidence of any spasticity, severe spasticity, and peristalsis during examination. Adenoma detection rate (ADR) was evaluated as a quality outcome metric. Risk ratios (RR), risk difference (RD) and mean difference (MD) were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird method and random effects where applicable. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Overall, six studies (with one abstract) were included in this review. Peppermint oil resulted in overall lower incidence for spasticity (RD: -0.39, P=0.02), severe spasticity (RD: -0.15, P=0.04), and peristalsis (-0.27, P≤0.001) during colonoscopy examination. An improved ADR (RR: 1.31, P=0.01) was also noted, however only two studies evaluated this effect. CONCLUSIONS Peppermint oil resulted in relaxation of colon during colonoscopy with decrease incidence of spasticity, severe spasticity, peristalsis and improved ADR. These results are encouraging however results are limited due to significant heterogeneity found in the outcomes. Larger studies with standardized dosing are needed to evaluate this effect. Furthermore, studies evaluating additional colonoscopy outcomes such as polyp detection rate, advanced adenoma detection rate, and serrated adenoma detection rate are needed.
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4.
Efficacy and safety of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables for the treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Simental-Mendía, M, Sánchez-García, A, Acosta-Olivo, CA, Vilchez-Cavazos, F, Osuna-Garate, J, Peña-Martínez, VM, Simental-Mendía, LE
International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2019;(9):1607-1615
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials to examine the efficacy and safety of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA). DATA SOURCES Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials. STUDY SELECTION Original studies were randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effect of orally administered ASU on knee or hip OA symptoms using the Lequesne index, visual analog scale (VAS) and/or joint space width (JSW). DATA EXTRACTION Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic index. DATA SYNTHESIS Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables therapy had a significant reduction on pain by VAS assessment (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -9.64 mm, 95% CI: -17.43, -1.84; P = .02; I2 = 92%). A subanalysis according to the type of OA showed that ASU significantly decreased both VAS and Lequesne index in knee OA (WMD: -17.36, 95% CI: -25.91, -8.82; P < .0001; I2 = 87% and WMD: -2.33, 95% CI: -2.88, -1.78; P < .00001; I2 = 18%, respectively) but not in hip OA. Finally, ASU supplementation showed no significant differences for adverse events compared to placebo (relative risk: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.25; P = .88; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis suggest a beneficial effect of ASU treatment in symptomatic knee OA but not in hip OA. Additionally, adverse events were similar in patients receiving ASU therapy or placebo.
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5.
Rice Bran Oil Decreases Total and LDL Cholesterol in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.
Jolfaie, NR, Rouhani, MH, Surkan, PJ, Siassi, F, Azadbakht, L
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2016;(7):417-26
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a concerning health problem because of its increasing prevalence. Vegetable oils such as rice bran oil may improve blood lipids, risk factors for CVD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and quantify the effects of rice bran oil on lipid profiles in humans. Literature databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Ovid, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched until the end of November 2015, with no restrictions regarding study design, time, or language. The variables extracted for the meta-analysis included low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), VLDL-C, apoA, apoB, Lp(a), TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C. From 415 identified articles, 11 randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria and were included in our review. Rice bran oil consumption resulted in a significant decrease in concentrations of LDL-C (-6.91 mg/dl, 95% CI, -10.24 to -3.57; p<0.001) and TC (-12.65 mg/dl; 95% CI, -18.04 to -7.27; p<0.001). The increase in HDL-C levels were considerable only in men (6.65 mg/dl; 95% CI, 2.38-10.92; p=0.002). Results of our meta-analysis provided no evidence of a significant effekt of rice bran oil on other lipid profile components. In conclusion, consumption of rice bran oil can reduce LDL-C and TC concentrations, which may lead to prevention and control of CVD. It also has favorable effects on HDL-C concentrations in men. However, changes related to other lipid profile components are not considerable.
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6.
Effects of high phenolic olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hohmann, CD, Cramer, H, Michalsen, A, Kessler, C, Steckhan, N, Choi, K, Dobos, G
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2015;(6):631-40
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the world's leading cause of death. Prevention by nutrition is an easy and effective approach especially by advising foods with nutraceutic properties like high phenolic olive oil (HPOO). AIM: The aim of this review was to systematically access and meta-analyse the effects of HPOO on risk factors of the cardiovascular system and thusly to evaluate its use as a nutraceutical in prevention. DATA SYNTHESIS Medline/PubMed, EMBase, the Cochrane Library, CAMbase and CAM-QUEST were searched through July 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing high vs. low (resp. non) phenolic olive oils in either healthy participants or patients with cardiovascular diseases were included. For study appraisal the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool was used. Main outcomes were blood pressure, serum lipoproteins and oxidation markers. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and analysed by the generic inverse variance methods using a random effects model. Eight cross over RCTs comparing ingestion (21-90 d) of high vs. low (resp. non) phenolic olive oils with a total of 355 subjects were included. RESULTS There were medium effects for lowering systolic blood pressure (n = 69; SMD -0.52; CI -0.77/-0.27; p < 0.01) and small effects for lowering oxLDL (n = 300; SMD -0.25; CI [-0.50/0.00]; p = 0.05). No effects were found for diastolic blood pressure (n = 69; SMD -0.20; CI -1.01/0.62; p = 0.64); malondialdehyde (n = 71; SMD -0.02; CI [-0.20/0.15]; p = 0.79), total cholesterol (n = 400; SMD -0.05; CI [-0.16/0.05]; p = 0.33); HDL (n = 400; SMD -0.03; CI [-0.14/0.08]; p = 0.62); LDL (n = 400; SMD -0.03; CI [-0.15/0.09]; p = 0.61); and triglycerides (n = 360; SMD 0.02; CI [-0.22/0.25]; p = 0.90). LIMITATIONS The small number of studies/participants limits this review. CONCLUSIONS HPOO provides small beneficial effects on systolic blood pressure and serum oxidative status (oxLDL). HPOO should be considered as a nutraceutical in cardiovascular prevention.
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7.
Olive oil consumption and risk of CHD and/or stroke: a meta-analysis of case-control, cohort and intervention studies.
Martínez-González, MA, Dominguez, LJ, Delgado-Rodríguez, M
The British journal of nutrition. 2014;(2):248-59
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of CVD. Olive oil is the hallmark of this dietary pattern. We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control, prospective cohort studies and a randomised controlled trial investigating the specific association between olive oil consumption and the risk of CHD (101,460 participants) or stroke (38,673 participants). The results of all observational studies were adjusted for total energy intake. The random-effects model assessing CHD as an outcome showed a relative risk (RR) of 0.73 (95% CI 0.44, 1.21) in case-control studies and 0.96 (95% CI 0.78, 1.18) in cohort studies for a 25 g increase in olive oil consumption. In cohort studies, the random-effects model assessing stroke showed a RR of 0.74 (95% CI 0.60, 0.92). The random-effects model combining all cardiovascular events (CHD and stroke) showed a RR of 0.82 (95% CI 0.70, 0.96). Evidence of heterogeneity was apparent for CHD, but not for stroke. Both the Egger test (P= 0.06) and the funnel plot suggested small-study effects. Available studies support an inverse association of olive oil consumption with stroke (and with stroke and CHD combined), but no significant association with CHD. This finding is in agreement with the recent successful results of the PREDIMED randomised controlled trial.