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1.
Association Genetics Identifies Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Kernel Oil Content and Quality in Camellia oleifera.
Lin, P, Yin, H, Yan, C, Yao, X, Wang, K
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2019;(9):2547-2562
Abstract
Camellia oleifera, as an important nonwood tree species for seed oil in China, has received enormous attention owing to its high unsaturated fatty acid contents benefited to human health. It is necessary to examine allelic diversity of key genes that are associated with oil production in C. oleifera cultivars with a large variation of fatty acid compositions. In this study, we performed the association analysis between four key genes (two CoSAD and two Cofad2) coding fatty acid desaturases and traits including oil content and fatty acid composition. We identified two single nucleotide insertion-deletion (InDel) and 362 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the four candidate genes by sequencing an association population (216 accessions). Single-marker (or haplotype) and traits association tests were conducted by linkage disequilibrium (LD) approaches to detect significant marker-trait associations. Validation population (279 hybrid individuals from six full-sibs families) studies were performed to validate the function of allelic variations significantly associated. In all, 90 single marker-trait and one haplotype-trait associations were significant in association population, and these loci explained 1.87-17.93% proportion of the corresponding phenotypic variance. Further, six SNP marker-trait associations ( Q < 0.10) from Cofad2-A, CoSAD1, and CoSAD2 were successfully validated in the validation population. The SNP markers identified in this study can potentially be applied for future marker-assisted selection to improve oil content and quality in C. oleifera.
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2.
Physicochemical, functional and emulsion properties of edible protein from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil processing by-products.
Wang, JS, Wang, AB, Zang, XP, Tan, L, Xu, BY, Chen, HH, Jin, ZQ, Ma, WH
Food chemistry. 2019;:146-153
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana) is a tropical fruit that has drawn great interest its oil for foods and cosmetic industries; however, avocado oil processing by-product is a potential source of edible protein. Herein, edible protein was prepared from defatted avocado meal, and it's physicochemical, functional and emulsion properties were investigated. The avocado protein showed U-shaped exhibiting strong effect of pH, and a minimum solubility being observed at pH 4.5, confirming the isoelectric point of avocado protein. Nutritionally, the avocado protein contains all the essential amino acids. Avocado protein provided higher water and oil absorption capacities, higher radical scavenging capacity but lower in-vitro digestibility compared with soy protein. Furthermore, the avocado protein as emulsifier afforded a stability oil-in-water emulsion system, resulting in a greater emulsifying stability than that of soy protein. The present results highlight the potential source of edible protein from avocado oil processing by-products for functional food ingredients.
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3.
Amaranth Oil Increases Total and LDL Cholesterol Levels without Influencing Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in an Overweight and Obese Population: A Randomized Double-Blind Cross-Over Study in Comparison with Rapeseed Oil Supplementation.
Dus-Zuchowska, M, Walkowiak, J, Morawska, A, Krzyzanowska-Jankowska, P, Miskiewicz-Chotnicka, A, Przyslawski, J, Lisowska, A
Nutrients. 2019;(12)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AT) is a chronic inflammatory process in which oxidative stress is the key event. Amaranth oil (AmO) has potential hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of AmO and rapeseed oil (RaO) supplementation on expression of early markers of AT and lipid profile in obese or overweight subjects. METHODS A randomized, double-blinded cross-over study was conducted, in which participants took 20 mL of AmO in the first arm and 20 mL RaO in the second arm, switching after the washout period. Serum concentrations of adhesion molecules (sP-selectin, sVCAM-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and lipid profile were assessed before and after nutritional interventions. In addition, anthropometric parameters were measured. RESULTS The total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations increased significantly in the AmO group in comparison with RaO (ΔTC 5.52 ± 35 vs. -8.43 ± 17.65 mg/dL; p = 0.002 and 4.43 ± 34.96 vs. -7.55 ± 16.41 mg/dL; p = 0.002, respectively). There were no significant differences in other parameters analyzed between the groups. CONCLUSION The use of AmO instead of RaO may increase cardiovascular risk in obese and overweight subjects.
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4.
Ozonated Oils and Cutaneous Wound Healing.
Lim, Y, Lee, H, Woodby, B, Valacchi, G
Current pharmaceutical design. 2019;(20):2264-2278
Abstract
Wound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement in this process is necessary to effectively treat several pathologies characterized by a chronic delayed wound closure, such as in diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed, and several researchers have shown positive effects on wound healing, due to the bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties of these ozonated oils. In the present review, we intend to summarize the actual state of the art of the topical usage of ozonated oil in cutaneous wounds with special emphasis to the importance of the ozonated degree of the oil.
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5.
Molecular tools enabling pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) as a model plant and oilseed cash cover crop.
McGinn, M, Phippen, WB, Chopra, R, Bansal, S, Jarvis, BA, Phippen, ME, Dorn, KM, Esfahanian, M, Nazarenus, TJ, Cahoon, EB, et al
Plant biotechnology journal. 2019;(4):776-788
Abstract
Thlapsi arvense L. (pennycress) is being developed as a profitable oilseed cover crop for the winter fallow period throughout the temperate regions of the world, controlling soil erosion and nutrients run-off on otherwise barren farmland. We demonstrate that pennycress can serve as a user-friendly model system akin to Arabidopsis that is well-suited for both laboratory and field experimentation. We sequenced the diploid genome of the spring-type Spring 32-10 inbred line (1C DNA content of 539 Mb; 2n = 14), identifying variation that may explain phenotypic differences with winter-type pennycress, as well as predominantly a one-to-one correspondence with Arabidopsis genes, which makes translational research straightforward. We developed an Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip transformation method (0.5% transformation efficiency) and introduced CRISPR-Cas9 constructs to produce indel mutations in the putative FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (FAE1) gene, thereby abolishing erucic acid production and creating an edible seed oil comparable to that of canola. We also stably transformed pennycress with the Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) gene, producing low-viscosity acetyl-triacylglycerol-containing seed oil suitable as a diesel-engine drop-in fuel. Adoption of pennycress as a model system will accelerate oilseed-crop translational research and facilitate pennycress' rapid domestication to meet the growing sustainable food and fuel demands.
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6.
Efficacy and safety of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables for the treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Simental-Mendía, M, Sánchez-García, A, Acosta-Olivo, CA, Vilchez-Cavazos, F, Osuna-Garate, J, Peña-Martínez, VM, Simental-Mendía, LE
International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2019;(9):1607-1615
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials to examine the efficacy and safety of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA). DATA SOURCES Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials. STUDY SELECTION Original studies were randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effect of orally administered ASU on knee or hip OA symptoms using the Lequesne index, visual analog scale (VAS) and/or joint space width (JSW). DATA EXTRACTION Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic index. DATA SYNTHESIS Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables therapy had a significant reduction on pain by VAS assessment (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -9.64 mm, 95% CI: -17.43, -1.84; P = .02; I2 = 92%). A subanalysis according to the type of OA showed that ASU significantly decreased both VAS and Lequesne index in knee OA (WMD: -17.36, 95% CI: -25.91, -8.82; P < .0001; I2 = 87% and WMD: -2.33, 95% CI: -2.88, -1.78; P < .00001; I2 = 18%, respectively) but not in hip OA. Finally, ASU supplementation showed no significant differences for adverse events compared to placebo (relative risk: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.25; P = .88; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis suggest a beneficial effect of ASU treatment in symptomatic knee OA but not in hip OA. Additionally, adverse events were similar in patients receiving ASU therapy or placebo.
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7.
Metabolic status is related to the effects of adding of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil on postprandial inflammation and lipid profile: Randomized, crossover clinical trial.
Alayón, AN, Ortega Ávila, JG, Echeverri Jiménez, I
Journal of food biochemistry. 2019;(2):e12703
Abstract
Sacha inchi oil (SIO) is an attractive source of polyunsaturated acids oil. A randomized crossover clinical trial was done to evaluate SIO effects on postprandial lipids and inflammatory state caused by a high-fat intake. Twenty metabolically healthy (MH) and 22 metabolically unhealthy (MU) subjects consumed a high-fat breakfast alone or supplemented with SIO. The biomarkers were measured in serum upon fasting, and after 1 and 4 hrs after breakfast. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was determined in mononuclear cells. In the MH group, SIO reversed the cholesterol increase [iAUCHFM 0.27 mmol/L/4 h (IQR: -0.07/0.81); iAUCHFM+S : -0.18 mmol/L/4 h (IQR: -0.49/0.31) p = 0.037] and decreased interleukin-6 concentration. In MU group, SIO attenuated lipopolysaccharides increase and interleukin-6 expression [(FCHFM = -1.19 (IQR: -1.72/1.93) and FCHFM+S = -1.83 (IQR: -4,82/-0.01), p = 0.017]. The effects of a high-fat meal on postprandial lipids and inflammation could be modified by the addition of SIO, but the outcomes are depending on the metabolic individual status. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The seeds of Plukenetia volubilis L., also known as Sacha inchi, Sacha peanut or Inca peanut are an attractive vegetable source of oil which includes a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the intake of Sacha inchi oil could improve the postprandial responses of a high-fat intake, and could be able to help to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Our results contribute to know the effects of this oil on postprandial inflammation and lipids. In addition, establishing how a person's basal metabolic status can determinate the metabolic response to this oil can help improve its use, and our results add evidence about the role of nutrition and diet in health and disease. At this time, the cultivation of Sacha inchi is being proposed as an agro-industrial alternative for the improvement of quality of living in Colombian rural areas.
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8.
Use of Natural Components Derived from Oil Seed Plants for Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases.
Styrczewska, M, Zuk, M, Boba, A, Zalewski, I, Kulma, A
Current pharmaceutical design. 2019;(20):2241-2263
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory skin diseases is increasing, so the search for relevant therapeutics is of major concern. Plants are rich in phytochemicals which can alleviate many symptoms. In this review, we concentrate on compounds found in the seeds of widely cultivated plants, regularly used for oil production. The oils from these plants are often used to alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory diseases through synergetic action of unsaturated fatty acids and other phytochemicals most commonly derived from the terpenoid pathway. The knowledge of the chemical composition of oil seeds and the understanding of the mechanisms of action of single components should allow for a more tailored approach for the treatment for many diseases. In many cases, these seeds could serve as an efficient material for the isolation of pure phytochemicals. Here we present the content of phytochemicals, assumed to be responsible for healing properties of plant oils in a widely cultivated oil seed plants and review the proposed mechanism of action for fatty acids, selected mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes, carotenoids, tocopherol and polyphenols.
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9.
Replacing Saturated Fat With Walnuts or Vegetable Oils Improves Central Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial.
Tindall, AM, Petersen, KS, Skulas-Ray, AC, Richter, CK, Proctor, DN, Kris-Etherton, PM
Journal of the American Heart Association. 2019;(9):e011512
Abstract
Background Walnuts have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear whether these effects are attributable to the fatty acid ( FA ) content, including α-linolenic acid ( ALA ), and/or bioactives. Methods and Results A randomized, controlled, 3-period, crossover, feeding trial was conducted in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (n=45). Following a 2-week standard Western diet run-in (12% saturated FAs [ SFA ], 7% polyunsaturated FAs, 12% monounsaturated FAs), participants consumed 3 isocaloric weight-maintenance diets for 6 weeks each: a walnut diet ( WD ; 7% SFA , 16% polyunsaturated FAs, 3% ALA , 9% monounsaturated FAs); a walnut FA -matched diet; and an oleic acid-replaced- ALA diet (7% SFA , 14% polyunsaturated FAs, 0.5% ALA , 12% monounsaturated FAs), which substituted the amount of ALA from walnuts in the WD with oleic acid. This design enabled evaluation of the effects of whole walnuts versus constituent components. The primary end point, central systolic blood pressure, was unchanged, and there were no significant changes in arterial stiffness. There was a treatment effect ( P=0.04) for central diastolic blood pressure; there was a greater change following the WD versus the oleic acid-replaced-ALA diet (-1.78±1.0 versus 0.15±0.7 mm Hg, P=0.04). There were no differences between the WD and the walnut fatty acid-matched diet (-0.22±0.8 mm Hg, P=0.20) or the walnut FA-matched and oleic acid-replaced-ALA diets ( P=0.74). The WD significantly lowered brachial and central mean arterial pressure. All diets lowered total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and non- HDL cholesterol. Conclusions Cardiovascular benefits occurred with all moderate-fat, high-unsaturated-fat diets. As part of a low- SFA diet, the greater improvement in central diastolic blood pressure following the WD versus the oleic acid-replaced-ALA diet indicates benefits of walnuts as a whole-food replacement for SFA . Clinical Trial Registration URL https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02210767.
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10.
Almond oil for patients with hyperlipidemia: A randomized open-label controlled clinical trial.
Zibaeenezhad, MJ, Ostovan, P, Mosavat, SH, Zamirian, M, Attar, A
Complementary therapies in medicine. 2019;:33-36
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases currently account for nearly half of non-communicable diseases. It was shown that enjoying a handful of nuts every day can significantly reduce the risk of developing heart diseases as they contain a variety of nutrients and other bioactive substances contributing to lowering the risk of heart diseases and controlling the cholesterol. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of almond oil on the lipid profile of patients with hyperlipidemia. METHODS Ninety-seven patients were divided into the intervention (n = 49) and control (n = 48) groups. The intervention group received 10 ml of almond oil two times daily for 30 days. There was no intervention for the control group. The serum lipoproteins were measured before and after the study. RESULTS The total cholesterol and LDL levels decreased significantly in the intervention group (treatment difference = -16.12 ± 26.16, P = 0.009; treatment difference = -20.88 ± 18.4, p < 0.001 respectively). But regular almond oil consumption did not significantly affect the triglyceride and HDL in this sample of hyperlipidemic patients. CONCLUSION Consumption of almond could reduce the total cholesterol and LDL in dyslipidemic patients.