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Extraprostatic Uptake of 18F-Fluciclovine: Differentiation of Nonprostatic Neoplasms From Metastatic Prostate Cancer.
Robertson, MS, Sakellis, CG, Hyun, H, Jacene, HA
AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 2020;(3):641-648
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Fluciclovine is a synthetic radiolabeled amino acid analog used for imaging of biochemical recurrent prostate cancer. Uptake of fluciclovine is mediated by several amino acid transporters, including alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 and large neutral amino acid transporters, which are known to be overexpressed in other malignancies. CONCLUSION. Knowledge of the common patterns of prostate cancer recurrence, in addition to what other neoplasms can show uptake, is critical for accurate study interpretation.
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Prostate imaging: Contribution of PET PSMA and MRI.
Abecassis, JP, Ghazzar, N, Peyromaure, M, Giraud, P
Cancer radiotherapie : journal de la Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique. 2020;(5):423-428
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumour and represents the third cause of cancer-mortality in men. The management of prostate cancer has dramatically changed over the last decades, mainly due to improvement of diagnostic modalities and development of new therapeutic strategies. Imaging plays a key role in all the steps of prostate cancer management. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron-emission tomography (PET) - computed tomography (CT) have emerged as two major tools for the detection of prostate cancer, tumour staging and treatment choice. Both MRI and PET-CT - using choline or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as radiotracer - have become mandatory. This article presents the contribution of the latest advances in these two imaging techniques of prostate cancer and their future developments.
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Myocarditis in Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosed With Fluorine 18-Labeled Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Simon, R, Perel-Winkler, A, Bokhari, S, Fazlollahi, L, Nickerson, K
Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases. 2020;(2):e37-e40
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Textitis as Seen on 18F-NaF Imaging Using an Ultra-High-Resolution Positron Emission Mammography Scanner.
Usmani, S, Rasheed, R, Al Kandari, F
Journal of nuclear medicine technology. 2020;(2):181-183
Abstract
Textitis is a new term used to refer to the degenerative-strain osteoarthritis that comes from excessive use of a smart phone. 18F-NaF is increasingly used in diagnosing skeletal pain that is not identified on radiographs. We report a case of a 26-y-old woman with left breast cancer referred for 18F-NaF PET/CT, who was complaining of right thumb and wrist pain. Findings were negative for bone secondaries. Dedicated hands views were acquired on a positron emission mammography scanner and showed focal uptake at the first carpometacarpal and second metacarpophalangeal joints. On the basis of the strong history, the findings were likely due to active arthritic changes caused by repetitive strain injury from excessive text messaging.
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Diagnosis and Monitoring of Osteoporosis with Total-Body 18F-Sodium Fluoride-PET/CT.
Zhang, V, Koa, B, Borja, AJ, Padmanhabhan, S, Bhattaru, A, Raynor, WY, Rojulpote, C, Seraj, SM, Werner, TJ, Rajapakse, C, et al
PET clinics. 2020;(4):487-496
Abstract
In recent years, 18F-Sodium Fluoride (NaF)-PET/CT has seen its role in the detection and management of osteoporosis increase. This article reviews the extent of this application in the literature, its efficacy compared with other comparable imaging tools, and how total-body PET/CT combined with global disease assessment can revolutionize measurement of total osteoporotic disease activity. NaF-PET/CT eventually can be the modality of choice for metabolic bone disorders, especially with these advances in technology and computation.
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Spectrum of false positive 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) bone PET/CT findings in Oncology imaging; A narrative pictorial review of cases from a single institution.
Usmani, S, Ahmed, N, Muzaffar, S, Marafi, F, Esmail, A, Gnanasegaran, G, Van den Wyngaert, T
Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine. 2020;(1):67-75
Abstract
Fluorine-18-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) is a positron emission tomography (PET) bone imaging agent mainly used for oncology staging but may also be used in the evaluation of benign bone and joint pathology conditions. Fluorine-18-NaF is an excellent bone-seeking agent with high bone uptake owing to favorable biodistribution with rapid single-pass extraction, limited plasma protein binding and prompt renal clearance. Fluorine-18-NaF PET/computed tomography (CT) is highly sensitive in identifying both sclerotic and lytic bone metastatic lesions. Occasionally 18F-NaF uptake in benign bone lesions can mimic malignantpathology. In these cases, the pattern of 18F-NaF uptake may elicit a specific diagnosis and correlation with clinical information and morphological information from correlative CT is essential for a correct diagnosis. In the present article, we present a series of clinical cases demonstrating examples of 18F-NaF uptake in benign lesions which can simulate malignant pathology in patients undergoing cancer staging.
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18F-Labeled Small-Molecule and Low-Molecular-Weight PET Tracers for the Noninvasive Detection of Cancer.
Waldmann, CM, Kopka, K, Wagner, S
Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer. 2020;:283-318
Abstract
Noninvasive molecular imaging of cancer by means of the scintigraphic imaging modalities PET, PET/CT, and PET/MRI represents a powerful diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Radiotracers labeled with the prominent positron emitter fluorine-18 are routinely used to target and visualize discrete biological structures dysregulated in the progression of cancer. Such tracers are therefore capable of detecting oncological pathologies in vivo at the cellular and subcellular level in a timely manner and are thereby used for early detection of cancer as well as monitoring for treatment response. This chapter describes a variety of important 18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals that are frequently used in oncological PET imaging. Small-molecule and low-molecular-weight radiotracers for the detection of glucose utilization, amino acid transport, protein synthesis, membrane lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, cell death, hypoxia, estrogen receptor status, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression, and bone mineralization of tumors are introduced. The structural properties, common radiochemical synthesis approaches as well as in vivo metabolism and accumulation mechanisms of the clinically most important 18F-labeled radiotracers are described.
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18F-FDG PET or PET/CT in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.
Albano, D, Treglia, G, Gazzilli, M, Cerudelli, E, Giubbini, R, Bertagna, F
Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia. 2020;(7):422-430
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to examine published data about the potential role of Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET or PET/CT) in patients affected by mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). A comprehensive computer literature search of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Embase databases was conducted, including articles indexed up to November, 2019; 25 studies or subsets in studies analyzing the value of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT in patients with MCL were eligible for inclusion. From the analyses of the selected studies, the following main findings are described: (1) MCL are 18F-FDG-avid in most of cases, especially nodal lesions, but bone marrow and gastrointestinal disease localizations have low 18F-FDG avidity; (2) 18F-FDG PET/CT seems to be helpful in staging setting, showing a better diagnostic performance than conventional imaging and a positive impact on clinical stage; (3) 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful in evaluating treatment response, especially after chemotherapy and transplantation; and (4) metabolic response after therapy seems to have a prognostic role. Despite several limitations affecting this analysis, especially related to the heterogeneity of the studies included, MCL is an 18F-FDG-avid lymphoma in most of the cases, with the exception of bone marrow and gastrointestinal disease. Moreover, 18F-FDG PET/CT seems to be useful in evaluating treatment response and prognosis.
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Current and potential applications of positron emission tomography for multiple myeloma and plasma cell disorders.
Ulaner, GA, Landgren, CO
Best practice & research. Clinical haematology. 2020;(1):101148
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Abstract
Fluorine-18 (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) allows evaluation of elevated glucose metabolism in malignancies. There has been increasing interest in FDG PET/CT for plasma cell disorders since the International Myeloma Working Group outlined multiple applications of this imaging modality, including distinguishing smoldering myeloma from active multiple myeloma, confirmation of solitary plasmacytoma, and multiple indications in patients with known multiple myeloma, including determining extent of initial disease, monitoring therapy response, and detection of residual disease following therapy. The field of molecular imaging is now shifting focus from evaluation of metabolism to targeted evaluation of specific tumor markers. Targeted PET imaging targeted of CXCR4 and CD38 has advanced into translational clinical trials, bringing us closer to powerful imaging options for myeloma. In this review we discuss the current applications of FDG PET/CT in plasma cell disorders, as well as advances in targeted PET imaging.
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Non-invasive imaging of high-risk coronary plaque: the role of computed tomography and positron emission tomography.
Bing, R, Loganath, K, Adamson, P, Newby, D, Moss, A
The British journal of radiology. 2020;(1113):20190740
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Abstract
Despite recent advances, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally. As such, there is a need to optimise our current diagnostic and risk stratification pathways in order to better deliver individualised preventative therapies. Non-invasive imaging of coronary artery plaque can interrogate multiple aspects of coronary atherosclerotic disease, including plaque morphology, anatomy and flow. More recently, disease activity is being assessed to provide mechanistic insights into in vivo atherosclerosis biology. Molecular imaging using positron emission tomography is unique in this field, with the potential to identify specific biological processes using either bespoke or re-purposed radiotracers. This review provides an overview of non-invasive vulnerable plaque detection and molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis.