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1.
Therapeutic lifestyle change intervention improved metabolic syndrome criteria and is complementary to amlodipine/atorvastatin.
Sallam, HS, Tuvdendorj, DR, Jialal, I, Chandalia, M, Abate, N
Journal of diabetes and its complications. 2020;(3):107480
Abstract
AIMS: To examine whether addition of amlodipine (5 mg)/atorvastatin (10 mg) A/A to Therapeutic Lifestyle change intervention (TLC) would beneficially modulate Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) levels. METHODS Patients with MetS (n = 53) were randomized to TLC + placebo or TLC + A/A for 12 months. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, plasma Ox-LDL, and area under the curve of free fatty acid (AUCFFA) during oral glucose tolerance test, a marker of adipose tissue health, were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Twenty-six patients completed the study with an overall improvement of MetS (p = 0.02). TLC + placebo was beneficial in reversing MetS comparable to TLC + A/A (54% vs. 39%; p = 0.08). Both treatments decreased systolic BP (p ≤ 0.01). TLC + A/A also decreased diastolic BP and triglyceride levels. The changes in Ox-LDL levels directly correlated with changes in weight in the TLC-placebo group (r = 0.64; p = 0.04). AUCFFA determined the loss of fat mass (r = 0.472, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS 1) Addition of A/A has the advantage of improving the lipid profile and BP; but TLC alone was comparable to TLC + A/A in improving MetS; 2) weight change determines the TLC-associated change in Ox-LDL levels; and 3) AT metabolic health is a significant predictor of TLC-associated loss of body fat mass.
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2.
Efficacy and safety of saroglitazar in managing hypertriglyceridemia in type-2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.
Dutta, D, Bhattacharya, S, Surana, V, Aggarwal, S, Singla, R, Khandelwal, D, Sharma, M
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2020;(6):1759-1768
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Saroglitazar is commonly used in India for managing hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of saroglitazar in hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving diabetes patients receiving saroglitazar in intervention arm, and placebo/lipid/diabetes medication in the control arm. Primary outcome was to evaluate change in serum triglyceride and HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate changes in other lipid parameters, glycaemia and adverse effects. Analysis for lipid and glycaemic parameters were done separately for controls receiving anti-lipid medications (statins/fibrates) [active control group (ACG)] and those receiving placebo/diabetes medications [passive control group (PCG)]. RESULTS Following 12 weeks therapy, individuals receiving saroglitazar had significantly lower triglycerides when compared to PCG [MD -71.67 mg/dl (95% CI: -123.67 to -19.66 mg/dl); P < 0.01; I2 = 91% (considerable heterogeneity); low certainty of evidence (LCE)], but not ACG [MD -37.38 mg/dl (95% CI: -84.55-9.79 mg/dl; P = 0.12; I2 = 98% (considerable heterogeneity); LCE]. Individuals receiving saroglitazar had significantly lower fasting glucose when compared to PCG [MD -24.61 mg/dl (95% CI: -44.13 to -5.09 mg/dl); P = 0.01; I2 = 65% (moderate heterogeneity); LCE], but not ACG [MD -13.5 mg/dl (95% CI: -33.1-6.10 mg/dl; P = 0.18; I2 = 98% (considerable heterogeneity); LCE]. HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL-C, apolipoprotein-B and HDL-C were not significantly different among study groups. Creatinine was significantly higher in patients receiving saroglitazar as compared to controls [MD 0.12 mg/dl (95% CI: 0.04-0.21 mg/dl); P < 0.01; I2 = 29% (low heterogeneity); high certainty of evidence]. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis reinforces the excellent triglyceride lowering of saroglitazar, but highlights significant increase in creatinine.
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3.
Effect of Vonoprazan on Delayed Bleeding after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Neoplasia among Antithrombotic Drug Users: A Single-Center, Single-Arm Prospective Observational Case Control Study.
Yamamoto, S, Takayama, H, Shimodate, Y, Takezawa, R, Nishimura, N, Doi, A, Mouri, H, Matsueda, K, Mizuno, M, Okada, H
Acta medica Okayama. 2020;(3):245-250
Abstract
Antithrombotic therapy is a major risk factor for delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric neoplasia. A potassium-competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan, is expected to prevent delayed bleeding better than conventional proton pomp inhibitors (PPIs), but the evidence is controversial. We sought to clarify the efficacy of vonoprazan for prevention of delayed bleeding after gastric ESD in patients under antithrombotic therapy. We prospectively registered 50 patients who underwent gastric ESD while receiving antithrombotic therapy and vonoprazan in our institution between October 2017 and September 2018. The incidence of delayed bleeding was compared with that in a historical control group of 116 patients treated with conventional PPI. We also evaluated risk factors associated with delayed bleeding. Delayed bleeding was observed in 8 of 50 patients (16.0%), which was not dissimilar from the incidence in the historical control group (12.1%) (p=0.49). In the univariate analysis, age (> 70 years) (p=0.034), multiple antithrombotic drug use (p<0.01), procedure time (> 200 min) (p=0.038) and tumor size (> 40 mm) (p<0.01) were associated with delayed bleeding after gastric ESD, but vonoprazan was not (p=0.49). Vonoprazan may not be more effective than conventional PPIs in preventing delayed bleeding after gastric ESD in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy.
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Light and water treatment during the early grain filling stage regulates yield and aroma formation in aromatic rice.
Li, Y, Liang, L, Fu, X, Gao, Z, Liu, H, Tan, J, Potcho, MP, Pan, S, Tian, H, Duan, M, et al
Scientific reports. 2020;(1):14830
Abstract
The effect of light and water on aromatic rice remain largely unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of light-water treatments (CK: natural light and well-watered conditions, WS: natural light and water-stressed conditions, LL: low light and well-watered conditions, LL-WS: low light and water-stressed treatment) on yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in aromatic rice. Compared with CK, the light-water treatments decreased grain yield (10.32-39.19%) due to reductions in the filled grain percentage and total dry weight, in the regulation of biomass distribution, and in the attributes of gas exchange and antioxidant response parameters. The 2AP content in grains increased in the LL treatment (5.08-16.32%) but decreased in the WS treatment compared with that in CK. The changes in 2AP were associated with changes in 2AP formation-related traits and element content. Low light and water stress led to yield declines in aromatic rice, but low light alleviated the decrease in 2AP content caused by water stress.
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Exogenous proline induces regulation in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) biosynthesis and quality characters in fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Luo, H, Zhang, T, Zheng, A, He, L, Lai, R, Liu, J, Xing, P, Tang, X
Scientific reports. 2020;(1):13971
Abstract
Proline is one of the precursors of the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) which is the key and characteristic volatile component of fragrant rice aroma. In order to study the effects of exogenous proline on 2-AP biosynthesis and other grain quality attributes in fragrant rice, two indica fragrant rice cultivars, "Meixiangzhan-2" and "Xiangyaxiangzhan", and one japonica fragrant rice, "Yunjingyou", were used in present study. At initial heading stage, proline solutions at 0 (CK), 0.10 (Pro1), 0.20 (Pro2) and 0.50 (Pro3) g L-1 were applied as foliar spray solution to fragrant rice plants. Compared with CK, Pro1, Pro2 and Pro3 treatments significantly increased the grain 2-AP content. The significant up-regulation effects due to proline treatments were observed in the contents of proline, △1-pyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) and △1-pyrroline which involved in 2-AP formation. Exogenous proline application also significantly decreased the grain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. Furthermore, proline treatments enhanced the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) as well as transcript level of gene PRODH. On the other hand, the transcript level of gene BADH2 and activity of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) decreased under proline treatments. Proline treatments (Pro2 and Pro3) also increased the grain protein content by 3.57-6.51%. Moreover, 32.03-34.25% lower chalky rice rate and 30.80-48.88% lower chalkiness were recorded in proline treatments (Pro2 and Pro3) for both Meixiangzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan whilst for Yunjingyou, foliar application of proline had no significant effect on chalky rice rate and chalkiness. There was no remarkable difference observed in grain milled quality (brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate) and amylose content between CK and proline treatments. In conclusion, exogenous proline enhanced the 2-AP biosynthesis and promoted some grain quality characters of fragrant rice.
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Preparation of magnetic attapulgite/polypyrrole nanocomposites for magnetic effervescence-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids from honey samples.
Yang, X, Mi, Y, Liu, F, Li, J, Gao, H, Zhang, S, Zhou, W, Lu, R
Journal of separation science. 2020;(12):2419-2428
Abstract
In this work, a novel extraction technique based on the effervescence-assisted dispersion and magnetic recovery of attapulgite/polypyrrole sorbents was developed for determining the concentrations of five pyrethroids in honey samples. The magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by a one-pot method. Several experimental parameters that affected the extraction efficiency, including the dispersion conditions, pH, ionic strength, and desorption conditions, were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the calibration curves for the five pyrethroids in honey samples exhibited good linearity, with r2 values ranging from 0.9979 to 0.9990. The limits of detection varied between 0.21 and 0.34 µg/L. Satisfactory recoveries of 81.42-106.73% with intra- and interday relative standard deviations of less than 6.94 and 10.89%, respectively, were obtained. Moreover, the sorbents exhibited acceptable batch-to-batch repeatability in the range of 5.06-15.01%, and each sorbent could be reused for up to four extraction cycles without a significant loss in the extraction recovery.
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7.
Imrecoxib Inhibits Paraquat-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis through the NF-κB/Snail Signaling Pathway.
Jin, H
Computational and mathematical methods in medicine. 2020;:6374014
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, pulmonary fibrosis caused by paraquat poisoning is still concerned. However, no effective drugs have been developed yet to treat paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of our research is to investigate whether imrecoxib can inhibit paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis and its possible mechanism. METHODS Extraction of primary pulmonary fibrosis cells (PPF cells) in vitro by the method of trypsin digestion. RT-qPCR and western blot were employed to measure the transcription level and protein expression of EMT related markers in paraquat-induced A549 cells. MTT, wound-healing, and Transwell experiments were used to verify the effect of imrecoxib on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PPF and HFL1 cells. RESULTS Firstly, our results confirmed that paraquat can induce EMT and activate the NF-κB/snail signal pathway in lung epithelial cell A549. Furthermore, experimental results showed that imrecoxib could repress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PPF and HFL1 cells. Finally, our study found that imrecoxib can inhibit EMT of paraquat-induced A549 cells by the NF-κB/snail signal pathway. CONCLUSION Imrecoxib can inhibit EMT of paraquat-induced A549 cells and alleviate paraquat-caused pulmonary fibrosis through the NF-κB/snail signal pathway. Therefore, imrecoxib is a drug worthy of study in the treatment of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Effect of probiotics during vonoprazan-containing triple therapy on gut microbiota in Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized controlled trial.
Kakiuchi, T, Mizoe, A, Yamamoto, K, Imamura, I, Hashiguchi, K, Kawakubo, H, Yamaguchi, D, Fujioka, Y, Nakayama, A, Okuda, M, et al
Helicobacter. 2020;(3):e12690
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are beneficial to patients with Helicobacter pylori infections by modulating the gut microbiota. Biofermin-R (BFR) is a multiple antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacteria preparation of Enterococcus faecium 129 BIO 3B-R and is effective in normalizing the gut microbiota when used in combination with antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the effect of BFR in combination with vonoprazan (VPZ)-based therapy on gut microbiota. METHODS Patients with positive urinary anti-H pylori antibody test (primary test) and fecal H pylori antigen test (secondary test) were examined. Patients in group 1 (BFR- ) received VPZ (20 mg twice daily), amoxicillin (750 mg twice daily), and clarithromycin (400 mg twice daily) for 7 days. Patients in group 2 (BFR+ ) received BFR (3 tablets/day) for 7 days, in addition to the aforementioned treatments. Following treatment, the relative abundance, α-diversity, and β-diversity of gut microbiota were assessed. RESULTS Supplementation with BFR prevented the decrease in a-diversity after eradication therapy (Day 7). β-diversity was similar between groups. The incidence rate of diarrhea was non-significantly higher in the BFR- than in the BFR+ group (73.1% vs 56.5%; P = .361). Stool consistency was comparable in the BFR+ group on Days 7 and 1 (3.86 ± 0.95 vs 3.86 ± 1.46; P = .415). CONCLUSION Biofermin-R combined with VPZ-based therapy resulted in higher microbial α-strain diversity and suppressed stool softening during H pylori eradication therapy.
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Tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis: results of the prospective Dutch Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC) registry.
Biemans, VBC, Sleutjes, JAM, de Vries, AC, Bodelier, AGL, Dijkstra, G, Oldenburg, B, Löwenberg, M, van Bodegraven, AA, van der Meulen-de Jong, AE, de Boer, NKH, et al
Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2020;(9):880-888
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). AIM: To evaluate effectiveness, safety and use of tofacitinib in daily practice. METHODS UC patients initiating tofacitinib were prospectively enrolled in 15 hospitals in the Netherlands. Corticosteroid-free clinical remission (short clinical colitis activity index [SCCAI] ≤2), biochemical remission (faecal calprotectin level ≤250 µg/g), combined corticosteroid-free clinical and biochemical remission, predictors of remission, safety outcomes, treatment dose and effect on lipids were determined at weeks 12 and 24. Endoscopic outcomes were evaluated in centres with routine endoscopic evaluation. RESULTS In total, 123 UC patients (95% anti-TNF, 62% vedolizumab and 3% ustekinumab experienced) were followed for a median duration of 24 weeks (interquartile range 12-26). The proportion of patients in corticosteroid-free clinical, biochemical, and combined corticosteroid-free clinical and biochemical remission rate at week 24 was 29% (n: 22/77), 25% (n: 14/57), and 19% (n: 11/57) respectively. Endoscopic remission (Mayo = 0) was achieved in 21% of patients at week 12 (n: 7/33). Prior vedolizumab exposure was associated with reduced clinical remission (odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11-0.94). At week 24, 33% (n: 14/42) of patients still on tofacitinib treatment used 10 mg twice daily. In total, 33 tofacitinib-related adverse events (89 per 100 patient years) occurred, 7 (6% of total cohort) resulted in discontinuation. Cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels increased during induction treatment by 18% (95% CI 9-26), 18% (95% CI 8-28) and 21% (95% CI 14-39) respectively. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib is an effective treatment for UC after anti-TNF and vedolizumab failure. However, a relatively high rate of adverse events was observed resulting in discontinuation in 6% of patients.
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Efficacy of vonoprazan in prevention of bleeding from endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced gastric ulcers: a prospective randomized phase II study.
Hamada, K, Uedo, N, Tonai, Y, Arao, M, Suzuki, S, Iwatsubo, T, Kato, M, Shichijo, S, Yamasaki, Y, Matsuura, N, et al
Journal of gastroenterology. 2019;(2):122-130
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vonoprazan, potassium-competitive acid blocker, is expected to reduce incidence of delayed bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, preliminary data to design a large-scale comparative study are lacking. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of vonoprazan in preventing delayed bleeding after gastric ESD. METHODS In this single-center randomized phase II trial, a modified screened selection design was used with a threshold non-bleeding rate of 89% and an expected rate of 97%. In this design, Simon's optimal two-stage design was first applied for each parallel group, and efficacy was evaluated in comparison with the threshold rate using binomial testing. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either vonoprazan 20 mg (VPZ group) or lansoprazole 30 mg (PPI group) for 8 weeks from the day before gastric ESD. The primary endpoint was the incidence of delayed bleeding, defined as endoscopically confirmed bleeding accompanied by hematemesis, melena, or a decrease in hemoglobin of ≥ 2 g/dl. RESULTS Delayed bleeding occurred in three of 69 patients (4.3%, 95% CI 0.9-12.2%, p = 0.047) in the VPZ group, and four of 70 (5.7%, 95% CI 1.6-14.0%, p = 0.104) in the PPI group. As only vonoprazan showed significant reduction in delayed bleeding compared with the threshold rate, it was determined to be efficacious treatment. CONCLUSIONS Vonoprazan efficaciously reduced the delayed bleeding rate in patients with an ESD-induced gastric ulcer. A large-scale, randomized, phase III study is warranted to definitively test the effectiveness of vonoprazan compared with proton pump inhibitors.