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The effects of quinoa seed supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Karimian, J, Abedi, S, Shirinbakhshmasoleh, M, Moodi, F, Moodi, V, Ghavami, A
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2021;(4):1688-1696
Abstract
This meta-analysis was designed to determine the effect of quinoa seed on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched electronically from their inception to February 2020 to identify eligible RCTs. We calculated the pooled estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using random-effects models. Five eligible RCTs representing 206 subjects were enrolled. The pooled result showed that quinoa seed supplementation significantly lowered the body weight (WMD: -1.26 kg, 95% CI: -2.35, -0.18, p = .02), waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -1.15 cm, 95% CI: -2.08, -0.21, p = .01), fat mass (FM) (WMD: -0.59%, 95% CI: -1.14, -0.03, p = .03), insulin serum level (WMD: -0.86 pmol/L, 95% CI: -13.38, -1.59, p = .01), triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -7.20 mg/dl, 95% CI: -9.52, -4.87, p < .001), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -6.86 mg/dl, 95% CI: -10.64, -3.08, p < .001), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -3.08 mg/dl, 95% CI: -5.13, -1.03, p = .003) levels. However, no significant changes were seen in other markers (p > .05). The current evidence suggests that quinoa seed might be utilized as a possible new effective and safe supplementary option to better prevent and control CVD in humans.
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Meta-QTL and ortho-MQTL analyses identified genomic regions controlling rice yield, yield-related traits and root architecture under water deficit conditions.
Khahani, B, Tavakol, E, Shariati, V, Rossini, L
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):6942
Abstract
Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis is a robust approach for genetic dissection of complex quantitative traits. Rice varieties adapted to non-flooded cultivation are highly desirable in breeding programs due to the water deficit global problem. In order to identify stable QTLs for major agronomic traits under water deficit conditions, we performed a comprehensive MQTL analysis on 563 QTLs from 67 rice populations published from 2001 to 2019. Yield and yield-related traits including grain weight, heading date, plant height, tiller number as well as root architecture-related traits including root dry weight, root length, root number, root thickness, the ratio of deep rooting and plant water content under water deficit condition were investigated. A total of 61 stable MQTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments were identified. The average confidence interval of MQTLs was considerably refined compared to the initial QTLs, resulted in the identification of some well-known functionally characterized genes and several putative novel CGs for investigated traits. Ortho-MQTL mining based on genomic collinearity between rice and maize allowed identification of five ortho-MQTLs between these two cereals. The results can help breeders to improve yield under water deficit conditions.
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Effect of flaxseed supplementation on markers of inflammation and endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Askarpour, M, Karimi, M, Hadi, A, Ghaedi, E, Symonds, ME, Miraghajani, M, Javadian, P
Cytokine. 2020;:154922
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rationale for the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of flaxseed supplementation on important adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines in adults. METHODS We conducted searches of published literature in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception until May 2019. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which investigated the effects of flaxseed supplementation on the circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were included in our analysis. Results were summarized using weighted mean differences (WMDs) by random-effects model. RESULTS Forty eligible RCTs, including 2520 participants were identified. The results of the meta-analysis revealed flaxseed supplementation reduced the concentrations of CRP (WMD = -0.387 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.653, -0.121, p = 0.004), IL-6 (WMD = -0.154 pg/Ml; 95% CI: -0.299, -0.010, p = 0.036), and VCAM-1 (WMD = -22.809 ng/ml; 95% CI: -41.498, -4.120, p = 0.017) but had no significant effect on TNF-α (WMD = -0.077 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.317, 0.163, p = 0.530), ICAM-1 (WMD = -8.610 ng/ml; 95% CI: -21.936, 4.716, p = 0.205), and E-selectin (WMD = -1.427 ng/ml; 95% CI: -4.074, 1.22, p = 0.291). CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that flaxseed supplementation may improve some circulating concentrations of specific adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines. However, well-designed trials are needed to confirm the range of non-significant and/or equivocal findings.
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A genome-wide association and meta-analysis reveal regions associated with seed size in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp].
Lo, S, Muñoz-Amatriaín, M, Hokin, SA, Cisse, N, Roberts, PA, Farmer, AD, Xu, S, Close, TJ
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik. 2019;(11):3079-3087
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Abstract
This paper combined GWAS, meta-analysis and sequence homology comparison with common bean to identify regions associated with seed size variation in domesticated cowpea. Seed size is an important trait for yield and commercial value in dry-grain cowpea. Seed size varies widely among different cowpea accessions, and the genetic basis of such variation is not yet well understood. To better decipher the genetic basis of seed size, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and meta-analysis were conducted on a panel of 368 cowpea diverse accessions from 51 countries. Four traits, including seed weight, length, width and density were evaluated across three locations. Using 51,128 single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the cowpea genome, 17 loci were identified for these traits. One locus was common to weight, width and length, suggesting pleiotropy. By integrating synteny-based analysis with common bean, six candidate genes (Vigun05g036000, Vigun05g039600, Vigun05g204200, Vigun08g217000, Vigun11g187000, and Vigun11g191300) which are implicated in multiple functional categories related to seed size such as endosperm development, embryo development, and cell elongation were identified. These results suggest that a combination of GWAS meta-analysis with synteny comparison in a related plant is an efficient approach to identify candidate gene (s) for complex traits in cowpea. The identified loci and candidate genes provide useful information for improving cowpea varieties and for molecular investigation of seed size.
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Meta-QTL analysis of seed iron and zinc concentration and content in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
Izquierdo, P, Astudillo, C, Blair, MW, Iqbal, AM, Raatz, B, Cichy, KA
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik. 2018;(8):1645-1658
Abstract
Twelve meta-QTL for seed Fe and Zn concentration and/or content were identified from 87 QTL originating from seven population grown in sixteen field trials. These meta-QTL include 2 specific to iron, 2 specific to zinc and 8 that co-localize for iron and zinc concentrations and/or content. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume for human consumption worldwide and it is an important source of microelements, especially iron and zinc. Bean biofortification breeding programs develop new varieties with high levels of Fe and Zn targeted for countries with human micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification efforts thus far have relied on phenotypic selection of raw seed mineral concentrations in advanced generations. While numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies have been conducted to identify genomic regions associated with increased Fe and Zn concentration in seeds, these results have yet to be employed for marker-assisted breeding. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis from seven QTL studies in Andean and Middle American intra- and inter-gene pool populations to identify the regions in the genome that control the Fe and Zn levels in seeds. Two meta-QTL specific to Fe and two meta-QTL specific to Zn were identified. Additionally, eight Meta QTL that co-localized for Fe and Zn concentration and/or content were identified across seven chromosomes. The Fe and Zn shared meta-QTL could be useful candidates for marker-assisted breeding to simultaneously increase seed Fe and Zn. The physical positions for 12 individual meta-QTL were identified and within five of the meta-QTL, candidate genes were identified from six gene families that have been associated with transport of iron and zinc in plants.