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The Potential Uses of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Dermatology: A Review.
Thomsen, BJ, Chow, EY, Sapijaszko, MJ
Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery. 2020;(5):481-494
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing interest exists in the relationship between diet and skin disease, with many recent studies identifying a role for omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) in various dermatological conditions. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify the spectrum of uses for O3FA supplementation reported in literature and to evaluate the current level of evidence for its clinical application in skin disease prevention and management. METHODS A search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE for primary literature that examined O3FA intake and skin health. A manual search of reference lists was performed to identify additional articles for inclusion. RESULTS A total of 38 studies met eligibility for review, reporting benefits for O3FA supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and skin ulcers. Additionally, a reduced incidence of skin cancer and a decrease in the severity of drug-associated mucocutaneous side effects were reported with O3FA supplementation. CONCLUSION This review yielded many well-studied benefits of O3FA uses in dermatology. Given its high safety profile, low cost, and ease of supplementation, O3FA is a reasonable supplement that may benefit patients wishing to improve inflammatory skin conditions through diet. Areas of particular clinical interest where supplementation may be valuable include O3FAs for systemic UV photoprotection, as well as adjuvant treatment for acne to reduce both inflammatory lesion count and the severity of mucocutaneous side effects associated with isotretinoin use.
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Pseudoatrophoderma colli: distinct entity or just a variant of confluent and reticular papilomatosis of Gougerot-Carteaud.
Sudy, E, Urbina, F, Gubelin, W, Misad, C, Espinoza, A
Dermatology online journal. 2020;(10)
Abstract
Pseudoatrophoderma colli is a rare entity described in the same time period as confluent and reticular papillomatosis of Gougerot-Carteaud and the two conditions have certain similarities. Pseudoatrophoderma colli is clinically characterized by lesions with an atrophic and wrinkled appearance, which are mainly located on the trunk and neck (hence the name colli). Few references exist in the literature and most of them are very old. Histopathological findings are nonspecific, showing mild hyperkeratosis, thinning of the stratum granulosum, and acanthosis and papillomatosis in some areas. In the papillary dermis there is vascular dilatation with a sparse inflammatory lymphohistiocytic perivascular infiltrate. Fragmentation of elastic tissue has been described only in one case. There is no specific treatment, with variable responses to diverse therapies including ultraviolet light, vitamin A, lactic acid and minocycline. We describe in detail two patients with pseudoatrophoderma colli and show histology. The first patient was treated with minocycline 100mg per day for two months and the second patient was treated with lymecycline 600mg per day for three months and 300mg per day for another two months. Both patients demonstrated a good response within the first month of treatment.
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Herbal medicines to the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections: advantages of the multi-targets action.
Amparo, TR, Seibert, JB, Vieira, PMA, Teixeira, LFM, Santos, ODHD, de Souza, GHB
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2020;(1):94-103
Abstract
The research for new treatments of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) is important due to their high prevalence and number of hospitalizations. The purpose of this review is to address the pathophysiology of SSTIs to highlight the advantages of herbal medicines to their treatment, showing examples of species and compounds with multi-targets action. SSTIs have a complex physiopathology involving the microorganism, as well as inflammation and difficult healing. Therefore, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and healing activities are an approach possible for their treatment. Herbal medicines have a wide diversity of biological compounds, mainly phenolic compounds that may act on different targets and also have synergism between them. Therefore, a single medicine may have the four key activities that allied allow eliminating the infection, control the inflammation process and accelerating the healing process, preventing complications with chronic infections.
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4.
The ketogenic diet and dermatology: a primer on current literature.
Fomin, DA, Handfield, K
Cutis. 2020;(1):40-43
Abstract
The ketogenic diet has been therapeutically employed from antiquity and is still utilized today in many disease states. With the boom of the complementary and alternative health movement over the last 2 decades, the lay population has grown more interested in disease prevention and treatment via dietary and lifestyle changes and enhancing health and human performance. The ketogenic diet, whether exclusive or intermittent, has been purported by health care professionals and laypersons alike to meet these demands. In this review article, we look to the current literature for proven and possible mechanisms by which ketones and a ketogenic diet may be utilized in the field of dermatology and direct our readers to pursue further research for this promising potential treatment option.
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Hydroxychloroquine in dermatology: New perspectives on an old drug.
Chew, CY, Mar, A, Nikpour, M, Saracino, AM
The Australasian journal of dermatology. 2020;(2):e150-e157
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine is an age-old drug whose use as an immunomodulatory agent with a low side-effect profile continues to expand. We present a review of this drug including recently updated prescribing recommendations and a summary of its clinical application in dermatology. A maximum daily dose of 5.0 mg/kg based on actual body weight and no greater than 400 mg is advised in order to reduce the risk of retinopathy, which is potentially permanent and has an estimated prevalence of 7.5% at 5 years on standard dosing. Baseline ophthalmologic assessment followed by annual screening after 5 years is recommended; however, closer monitoring should be considered in the setting of existing retinopathy, a cumulative dose > 1000 g or renal dysfunction. Hydroxychloroquine is now considered to be safe in pregnancy, and routine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency testing is not required. Smoking can significantly decrease its efficacy although the reason is still uncertain. Hydroxychloroquine appears to also demonstrate antineoplastic and cardioprotective benefits.
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6.
Ultraviolet and COVID-19 pandemic.
Türsen, Ü, Türsen, B, Lotti, T
Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2020;(9):2162-2164
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Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 virus causes coronavirus disease. AIMS It is a highly contagious viral infection. PATIENTS/METHODS/RESULTS/CONCLUSION In this article, we will discuss the potential phototherapy problems and also alternative options for dermatologists, ultraviolet treatment against COVID-19 virus, and vitamin D-associated problems in these coronavirus days.
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Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation in the Modulation of Human Diseases.
Hart, PH, Norval, M, Byrne, SN, Rhodes, LE
Annual review of pathology. 2019;:55-81
Abstract
This review focuses primarily on the beneficial effects for human health of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR stimulates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive pathways in skin that modulate psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo; suppresses cutaneous lesions of graft-versus-host disease; and regulates some infection and vaccination outcomes. While polymorphic light eruption and the cutaneous photosensitivity of systemic lupus erythematosus are triggered by UVR, polymorphic light eruption also frequently benefits from UVR-induced immunomodulation. For systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, schizophrenia, autism, and cardiovascular disease, any positive consequences of UVR exposure are more speculative, but could occur through the actions of UVR-induced regulatory cells and mediators, including 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, interleukin-10, and nitric oxide. Reduced UVR exposure is a risk factor for the development of several inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions, including diseases initiated in early life. This suggests that UVR-induced molecules can regulate cell maturation in developing organs.
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Autophagy in Skin Diseases.
Guo, Y, Zhang, X, Wu, T, Hu, X, Su, J, Chen, X
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 2019;(5):380-389
Abstract
Autophagy, or self-eating, is an evolutionarily conserved process in which cytosol and organelles are sequestered within double-membrane vesicles that deliver the contents to the lysosome/vacuole for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. It is well recognized that autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological con-ditions and the upregulation of autophagy may serve as an adaptive process to provide nutrients and energy when under stresses. Recently, studies have illustrated that autophagy is intricately related to skin diseases. This review provides a brief synopsis of the process of autophagy and aims to elucidate the roles of autophagy in different skin diseases and to highlight the need for increased research in the field.
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Probiotics in Extraintestinal Diseases: Current Trends and New Directions.
Kiousi, DE, Karapetsas, A, Karolidou, K, Panayiotidis, MI, Pappa, A, Galanis, A
Nutrients. 2019;(4)
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host. Their positive supplementation outcomes on several gastrointestinal disorders are well defined. Nevertheless, their actions are not limited to the gut, but may also impart their beneficial effects at distant sites and organs. In this regard, in this review article we: (i) comprehensively describe the main mechanisms of action of probiotics at distant sites, including bones, skin, and brain; (ii) critically present their therapeutic potential against bone, skin, and neuronal diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, non-healing wounds and autoimmune skin illnesses, mood, behavior, memory, and cognitive impairments); (iii) address the current gaps in the preclinical and clinical research; and (iv) indicate new research directions and suggest future investigations.
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10.
Vitamin D and the Skin: A Review for Dermatologists.
Navarro-Triviño, FJ, Arias-Santiago, S, Gilaberte-Calzada, Y
Actas dermo-sifiliograficas. 2019;(4):262-272
Abstract
In recent years, the growing interest in the role played by vitamin D in skin disease has given rise to the publication of many studies of the relationship between this vitamin and certain skin conditions. As dermatologists, we need to understand, among other aspects, how vitamin D is synthesized and the main sources in humans, as well as plasma levels and the factors that can modify them. Of particular interest are the latest discoveries about the role of vitamin D in skin diseases such as lupus erythematosus, ichthyosis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, melanoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Also of interest is the importance of vitamin D as adjuvant therapy in patients on long-term treatment with corticosteroids. In this review, we provide an overview of the most important and most recent information regarding the relationship between vitamin D and skin disease and discuss the importance of assessing individual vitamin D status and correcting deficiencies.