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The use of vitamin E in preventing taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Heiba, MA, Ismail, SS, Sabry, M, Bayoumy, WAE, Kamal, KA
Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology. 2021;(6):931-939
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy. Several trials have evaluated the protective effect of vitamin E in preventing CIPN with controversial results. This study aims to outline the role of vitamin E in preventing CIPN. METHODS A prospective phase II, open-label randomized controlled study was conducted in patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy in Ain Shams University Hospitals, using vitamin E at a dose of 400 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade ≥ 2 sensory neuropathy according to CTCAE v 5.0 in each treatment arm. Secondary endpoints include time to onset and the duration of grade ≥ 2 sensory neuropathy. RESULTS A total of 140 patients were randomized between the control and vitamin E arms. There was no difference in the incidence of grade ≥ 2 sensory neuropathy between the two arms (25.7% in each arm; P = 1.0), as well as the time to onset of neuropathy (P = 0.24). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the 2 arms as regards the duration of neuropathy. The median duration was 12.5 vs. 5 weeks in the control and vitamin E arms respectively (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our study did not demonstrate a protective role of vitamin E in decreasing the incidence of CIPN in patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy. However, the recovery from CIPN was much better as compared to the control arm, which may indicate a role for vitamin E in decreasing the duration and severity of CIPN.
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The Effects of Ganglioside-Monosialic Acid in Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial.
Su, Y, Huang, J, Wang, S, Unger, JM, Arias-Fuenzalida, J, Shi, Y, Li, J, Gao, Y, Shi, W, Wang, X, et al
Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2020;(1):55-62
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is a dose-limiting adverse effect. Ganglioside-monosialic acid (GM1) functions as a neuroprotective factor. We assessed the effects of GM1 on the prevention of TIPN in breast cancer patients. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including 206 patients with early-stage breast cancer planning to receive taxane-based adjuvant chemotherapy with a follow-up of more than 1 year. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive GM1 (80 mg, day -1 to day 2) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment Neurotoxicity subscale score after four cycles of chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints included neurotoxicity evaluated by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group neuropathy scale. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS In 183 evaluable patients, the GM1 group reported better mean Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment Neurotoxicity subscale scores than patients in the placebo group after four cycles of chemotherapy (43.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 43.05 to 43.49 vs 34.34, 95% CI = 33.78 to 34.89; mean difference = 8.96, 95% CI = 8.38 to 9.54, P < .001). Grade 1 or higher peripheral neurotoxicity in Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0 scale was statistically significantly lower in the GM1 group (14.3% vs 100.0%, P < .001). Additionally, the GM1 group had a statistically significantly lower incidence of grade 1 or higher neurotoxicity assessed by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group neuropathy scale sensory neuropathy (26.4% vs 97.8%, P < .001) and motor neuropathy subscales (20.9% vs 81.5%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The treatment with GM1 resulted in a reduction in the severity and incidence of TIPN after four cycles of taxane-containing chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
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TheraP: a randomized phase 2 trial of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 theranostic treatment vs cabazitaxel in progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (Clinical Trial Protocol ANZUP 1603).
Hofman, MS, Emmett, L, Violet, J, Y Zhang, A, Lawrence, NJ, Stockler, M, Francis, RJ, Iravani, A, Williams, S, Azad, A, et al
BJU international. 2019;:5-13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the activity and safety of cabazitaxel chemotherapy vs that of treatment with 177 Lu-PSMA-617, a novel radiolabelled small molecule that binds with high affinity to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have received prior docetaxel treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS The TheraP trial (ANZUP 1603) is an open-label, randomized, stratified, two-arm multicentre phase 2 trial comparing the activity and safety of cabazitaxel chemotherapy vs 177 Lu-PSMA-617 therapy in the treatment of men with mCRPC. Key eligibility criteria include prior docetaxel chemotherapy, rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, sufficient PSMA avidity, as defined by centrally reviewed 68 Ga-PSMA-11 and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) with no discordant FDG-avid PSMA-negative sites of disease. Patients in the control group receive standard treatment with cabazitaxel (20 mg/m2 ) i.v. every 3 weeks with prednisolone 10 mg daily orally, for a maximum of 10 cycles. Patients in the experimental group receive 177 Lu-PSMA-617 (8.5 GBq decreasing by 0.5 GBq per cycle) i.v. every 6 weeks, for up to a maximum of six cycles. In the event of an exceptional response as defined on centrally reviewed post-therapy single-photon emission CT imaging, treatment will be suspended but can recommence on progression. The trial aims to include 200 patients who will be centrally randomized to one of the two treatment groups, in a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint is PSA response. Secondary endpoints are overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), radiographic PFS, PSA PFS, objective tumour response, pain response, pain PFS, health-related quality of life, and frequency and severity of adverse events. The treatment and outcomes of patients excluded on the basis of low PSMA avidity or discordant FDG-avid disease on screening 68 Ga-PSMA-11 and Fluorine-18 (18 F)-FDG-PET/CT scan will also be assessed. Enrolment in the study commenced on 29 January 2018. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 177 Lu-PSMA-617 offers a potential additional life-prolonging treatment option for men with mCRPC. The results of this trial will determine, for the first time in a randomized design, the activity and safety of 177 Lu-PSMA-617, as compared with cabazitaxel chemotherapy in men with progressive mCRPC.
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Plasma Cell-free DNA Concentration and Outcomes from Taxane Therapy in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer from Two Phase III Trials (FIRSTANA and PROSELICA).
Mehra, N, Dolling, D, Sumanasuriya, S, Christova, R, Pope, L, Carreira, S, Seed, G, Yuan, W, Goodall, J, Hall, E, et al
European urology. 2018;(3):283-291
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive biomarkers are needed to guide metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment. OBJECTIVE To clinically qualify baseline and on-treatment cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations as biomarkers of patient outcome following taxane chemotherapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Blood for cfDNA analyses was prospectively collected from 571 mCRPC patients participating in two phase III clinical trials, FIRSTANA (NCT01308567) and PROSELICA (NCT01308580). Patients received docetaxel (75mg/m2) or cabazitaxel (20 or 25mg/m2) as first-line chemotherapy (FIRSTANA), and cabazitaxel (20 or 25mg/m2) as second-line chemotherapy (PROSELICA). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Associations between cfDNA concentration and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response were tested using logistic regression models. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods for cfDNA concentration grouped by quartile. Cox proportional hazard models, within each study, tested for associations with radiological progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS), with multivariable analyses adjusting for baseline prognostic variables. Two-stage individual patient meta-analysis combined results for cfDNA concentrations for both studies. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In 2502 samples, baseline log10 cfDNA concentration correlated with known prognostic factors, shorter rPFS (hazard ratio [HR]=1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-2.08; p=0.004), and shorter OS on taxane therapy (HR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.18-1.97; p=0.001). In multivariable analyses, baseline cfDNA concentration was an independent prognostic variable for rPFS and OS in both first- and second-line chemotherapy settings. Patients with a PSA response experienced a decline in log10 cfDNA concentrations during the first four cycles of treatment (per cycle -0.03; 95% CI: -0.044 to -0.009; p=0.003). Study limitations included the fact that blood sample collection was not mandated for all patients and the inability to specifically quantitate tumour-derived cfDNA fraction in cfDNA. CONCLUSIONS We report that changes in cfDNA concentrations correlate with both rPFS and OS in patients receiving first- and second-line taxane therapy, and may serve as independent prognostic biomarkers of response to taxanes. PATIENT SUMMARY In the past decade, several new therapies have been introduced for men diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer. Although metastatic prostate cancer remains incurable, these novel agents have extended patient survival and improved their quality of life in comparison with the last decade. To further optimise treatment allocation and individualise patient care, better tests (biomarkers) are needed to guide the delivery of improved and more precise care. In this report, we assessed cfDNA in over 2500 blood samples from men with prostate cancer who were recruited to two separate international studies and received taxane chemotherapy. We quantified the concentration of cfDNA fragments in blood plasma, which partly originates from tumour. We identified that higher concentrations of circulating cfDNA fragments, prior to starting taxane chemotherapy, can be used to identify patients with aggressive prostate cancer. A decline in cfDNA concentration during the first 3-9 wk after initiation of taxane therapy was seen in patients deriving benefit from taxane chemotherapy. These results identified circulating cfDNA as a new biomarker of aggressive disease in metastatic prostate cancer and imply that the study of cfDNA has clinical utility, supporting further efforts to develop blood-based tests on this circulating tumour-derived DNA.
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Efficacy and safety of eribulin as first- to third-line treatment in patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes.
Maeda, S, Saimura, M, Minami, S, Kurashita, K, Nishimura, R, Kai, Y, Yano, H, Mashino, K, Mitsuyama, S, Shimokawa, M, et al
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2017;:66-72
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the survival benefit and acceptable tolerability of eribulin for advanced/metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients pretreated with anthracyclines and taxanes, there is limited evidence of the clinical benefit of early eribulin use. We investigated the efficacy and safety of first- to third-line eribulin use in patients with MBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this phase II, open-label, single-arm study conducted at 14 sites in Kyushu, Japan, women with histologically confirmed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative MBC were enrolled between December 1, 2011 and November 30, 2013 (Data cut-off: November 30, 2014). Objective response rate (ORR; primary endpoint), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and safety were evaluated. RESULTS Of 53 recruited patients, 47 were enrolled. The ORR was 17.0% (95% confidence interval, 7.6-30.8), DCR was 66.0% (51.2-77.8), median PFS was 4.9 months (3.5-7.0), DOR was 6.6 months (1.9-14.3), and median OS was 17.4 months (10.1-not evaluable). The common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (25 patients; 53.2%), leucopenia (16 patients; 42.1%) and febrile neutropenia (4 patients; 8.5%). Toxicity did not increase during the long-term treatment. Subgroup analysis indicated that first-line treatment led to higher ORR and prolonged PFS and OS than second-/third-line treatment and that incidence of adverse events in patients of second-/third-line treatment was not higher than that in patients of first-line treatment. CONCLUSION Eribulin exhibited efficacy and manageable tolerability in Japanese women with pretreated MBC in first- to third-line use. (ID: UMIN000007121).
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Carboplatin/taxane-induced gastrointestinal toxicity: a pharmacogenomics study on the SCOTROC1 trial.
He, YJ, Winham, SJ, Hoskins, JM, Glass, S, Paul, J, Brown, R, Motsinger-Reif, A, McLeod, HL
The pharmacogenomics journal. 2016;(3):243-8
Abstract
Carboplatin/taxane combination is first-line therapy for ovarian cancer. However, patients can encounter treatment delays, impaired quality of life, even death because of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. A candidate gene study was conducted to assess potential association of genetic variants with GI toxicity in 808 patients who received carboplatin/taxane in the Scottish Randomized Trial in Ovarian Cancer 1 (SCOTROC1). Patients were randomized into discovery and validation cohorts consisting of 404 patients each. Clinical covariates and genetic variants associated with grade III/IV GI toxicity in discovery cohort were evaluated in replication cohort. Chemotherapy-induced GI toxicity was significantly associated with seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ATP7B, GSR, VEGFA and SCN10A genes. Patients with risk genotypes were at 1.53 to 18.01 higher odds to develop carboplatin/taxane-induced GI toxicity (P<0.01). Variants in the VEGF gene were marginally associated with survival time. Our data provide potential targets for modulation/inhibition of GI toxicity in ovarian cancer patients.
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Predictive value of PET-CT for pathological response in stages II and III breast cancer patients following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel.
García García-Esquinas, MA, Arrazola García, J, García-Sáenz, JA, Furió-Bacete, V, Fuentes Ferrer, ME, Ortega Candil, A, Cabrera Martín, MN, Carreras Delgado, JL
Revista espanola de medicina nuclear e imagen molecular. 2014;(1):14-21
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively study the value of PET-CT with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response of locoregional disease of stages II and III breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A written informed consent and approval were obtained from the Ethics Committee. PET-CT accuracy in the prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) after NAC was studied in primary tumors and lymph node metastasis in 43 women (mean age: 50 years: range: 27-71 years) with histologically proven breast cancer between December 2009 and January 2011. PET-CT was performed at baseline and after NAC. SUV(max) percentage changes (ΔSUV(max)) were compared with pathology findings at surgery. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to discriminate between locoregional pCR and non-pCR. In patients not achieving pCR, it was investigated if ΔSUV(max) could accurately identify the residual cancer burden (RCB) classes: RCB-I (minimal residual disease (MRD)), RCB-II (moderate RD), and RCB-III (extensive RD). RESULTS pCR was obtained in 11 patients (25.6%). Residual disease was found in 32 patients (74.4%): 16 (37.2%) RCB-I, 15 (35.6%) RCB-II and 2 (4.7%) RCB-III. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to predict pCR were 90.9%, 90.6%, and 90.7%, respectively. Specificity was 94.1% in the identification of a subset of patients who had either pCR or MRD. CONCLUSION Accuracy of ΔSUV(max) in the locoregional disease of stages II and III breast cancer patients after NAC is high for the identification of pCR cases. Its specificity is potentially sufficient to identify a subgroup of patients who could be managed with conservative surgery.
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Serum biomarkers of bone metabolism in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with skeletal metastases: results from SWOG 0421.
Lara, PN, Ely, B, Quinn, DI, Mack, PC, Tangen, C, Gertz, E, Twardowski, PW, Goldkorn, A, Hussain, M, Vogelzang, NJ, et al
Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2014;(4):dju013
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BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest that elevated markers of bone turnover are prognostic for poor survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The predictive role of these markers relative to bone-targeted therapy is unknown. We prospectively evaluated the prognostic and predictive value of bone biomarkers in sera from CRPC patients treated on a placebo-controlled phase III trial of docetaxel with or without the bone targeted endothelin-A receptor antagonist atrasentan (SWOG S0421). METHODS Markers for bone resorption (N-telopeptide and pyridinoline) and formation (C-terminal collagen propeptide and bone alkaline phosphatase) were assayed in pretreatment and serial sera. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit for overall survival. Models were fit with main effects for marker levels and with/without terms for marker-treatment interaction, adjusted for clinical variables, to assess the prognostic and predictive value of atrasentan. Analysis was adjusted for multiple comparisons. Two-sided P values were calculated using the Wald test. RESULTS Sera from 778 patients were analyzed. Elevated baseline levels of each of the markers were associated with worse survival (P < .001). Increasing marker levels by week nine of therapy were also associated with subsequent poor survival (P < .001). Patients with the highest marker levels (upper 25th percentile for all markers) not only had a poor prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.41 to 7.65; P < .001) but also had a survival benefit from atrasentan (HR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.71; median survival = 13 [atrasentan] vs 5 months [placebo]; P interaction = .005). CONCLUSIONS Serum bone metabolism markers have statistically significant independent prognostic value in CRPC. Importantly, a small group of patients (6%) with highly elevated markers of bone turnover appear to preferentially benefit from atrasentan therapy.
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Quality of life in patients with advanced gastric cancer sequentially treated with docetaxel and irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid (leucovin).
Gubanski, M, Glimelius, B, Lind, PA
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England). 2014;(4):906
Abstract
With a median overall survival of only 9-13 months in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), the quality of life (QoL) during the palliative treatment remains a key issue. Furthermore, when combinations of two or three drugs are used, the impact on QoL should be carefully evaluated. This was studied within the GATAC trial in patients sequentially treated with docetaxel and irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-Fu/Lv). Patients with previously untreated advanced GC were randomly assigned to start with docetaxel 45 mg/m(2) (arm T) or irinotecan 180 mg/m(2) (arm C) with bolus and 44 h infusion of 5-Fu/Lv (D1, q2 weeks). After four courses, there was a prescheduled crossover to the alternative regimen for four additional courses. QoL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire at the start of the treatment, at crossover and after completing treatment with both regimens. Eighty-one patients were randomized, and 78 patients started treatment. A total of 191 completed QoL questionnaires were collected. There were no statistically significant differences in QoL scores between the two treatment groups and no changes in mean scores during the 16 weeks of treatment. During the last 8 weeks of treatment, a significantly larger portion of patients with radiological response reported sustained or better QoL scores than those with no radiological response (82 vs. 50%, p = 0.007). Chemotherapy in advanced GC did not affect QoL average scores. Patients with non-responding tumours reported more often a decline in the global QoL score. The concept of the pre-scheduled switch of chemotherapy regimens prior to progression should be further studied in this disease, as it appears effective, tolerable and not to negatively affect QoL.
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A randomised phase 2 study combining LY2181308 sodium (survivin antisense oligonucleotide) with first-line docetaxel/prednisone in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Wiechno, P, Somer, BG, Mellado, B, Chłosta, PL, Cervera Grau, JM, Castellano, D, Reuter, C, Stöckle, M, Kamradt, J, Pikiel, J, et al
European urology. 2014;(3):516-20
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is partially characterised by overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins, such as survivin. In this phase 2 study, patients with metastatic CRPC (n=154) were randomly assigned (1:2 ratio) to receive standard first-line docetaxel/prednisone (control arm) or the combination of LY2181308 with docetaxel/prednisone (experimental arm). The primary objective was to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) for LY2181308 plus docetaxel. Secondary efficacy measures included overall survival (OS), several predefined prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-derived end points, and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) scores. The median PFS of treated patients for the experimental arm (n=98) was 8.64 mo (90% confidence interval [CI], 7.39-10.45) versus 9.00 mo (90% CI, 7.00-10.09) in the control arm (n=51; p=0.755). The median OS for the experimental arm was 27.04 mo (90% CI, 19.94-33.41) compared with 29.04 mo (90% CI, 20.11-39.26; p=0.838). The PSA responses (≥ 50% PSA reduction), BPI, and FACT-P scores were similar in both arms. In the experimental arm, patients had a numerically higher incidence of grades 3-4 neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and sensory neuropathy. In conclusion, this study failed to detect a difference in efficacy between the two treatment groups.