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1.
Association of CYP24A1 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer in the Jiamusi population.
Chai, L, Ni, J, Ni, X, Zhang, N, Liu, Y, Ji, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, X, Zhao, B, Xin, G, et al
PloS one. 2021;(6):e0253474
Abstract
BACKGROUND The population in Jiamusi has been reported to have the highest prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China. The genetic causal-effect for this occurrence among the residents remains unclear. Given the long cold seasons with people wearing more clothes and reduced UV exposure, we aimed to study the association between the vitamin D metabolism-related gene CYP24A1 polymorphism and CRC susceptibility. METHOD A case-control study was conducted that included 168 patients with CRC and 710 age-matched healthy individuals as the control group. Plausible susceptible variations were sought and clinical phenotypic-genotype association analysis was performed. RESULTS Overall, two CYP24A1 polymorphisms, rs6013905 AX (P = 0.02, OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.09-3.29) and rs2762939 GX (P = 0.02, OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.08-2.13) were significantly associated with CRC in the Jiamusi population. In the female group, three CYP24A1 polymorphisms, rs6013905 AX (P = 0.04, OR = 2.59, 95%CI: 1.03-6.49), rs2762939 GX (P = 0.01, OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.25-4.42), and rs6068816 GG (P = 0.05, OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 0.99-3.59) carriers were significantly associated with CRC. In clinical phenotypic-genotype analysis, rs6013905 GG (P = 0.05, OR = 4.00, 95%CI: 0.92-17.48) and rs2762939 GX (P = 0.03, OR = 4.87, 95%CI: 1.00-23.69) carriers were significantly associated with poorly differentiated CRC, while CYP24A1 rs6068816 AX was significantly associated with the tumor type (P = 0.02, OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.10-3.96) and location (P = 0.04, OR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.05-4.77). CONCLUSION CYP24A1 gene polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor attributable to the highest prevalence of CRC in Jiamusi people. Individuals with CYP24A1 gene polymorphism may have an increased barrier for vitamin D absorption, thus contributing to the risk of CRC development.
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2.
Role of vitamin D serum levels in prevention of primary and recurrent melanoma.
Lombardo, M, Vigezzi, A, Ietto, G, Franchi, C, Iori, V, Masci, F, Scorza, A, Macchi, S, Iovino, D, Parise, C, et al
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):5815
Abstract
Patients afflicted with melanoma show lower vitamin D serum levels (VDSL) than the healthy population. This hypothesis agrees with its well-known antiproliferative features. An observational study was carried out to collect VDSL in patients suffering from melanoma. Our aim was to identify a potential connection between low VDSL and the risk to incur melanoma. Furthermore, we studied the association between VDSL at the diagnosis of melanoma and other germane prognostic factors. The population held in regard was composed of 154 patients with a diagnosis of melanoma between 2016 and 2019. These patients were retrospectively collected from our follow-up storage. We compared VDSL to clinical and pathological parameters (age, sex, tumour location, Breslow's depth, Clark's level, histological subtype, ulceration, et aliqua). Moreover, we recruited a control group with negative melanoma history. Mean and median of VDSL were significantly lower in the melanoma group. Instead, we found a negative association between melanoma and VDSL > 30 ng/L (OR 0.11; p < 0.0001). No correlation between VDSL and both Breslow's depth and Clark's level was discovered, but the VDSL comparison between thin (depth ≤ 1 mm) and thick tumours (depth > 1 mm) revealed a statistically significant difference (21.1 ± 8.2 ng/L vs 17.8 ± 8.1; p = 0.01). Moreover, VDSL were significantly lower in melanomas with mitotic rate ≥ 1/mm2 (22.1 ± 8.3 ng/L; p < 0007). Nevertheless, no connection was found between VDSL and both ulceration and positive sentinel nodes (p = 0.76; p = 0.74). Besides, our study revealed no association between VDSL and histological subtype (p = 0.161). Lower VDSL correlate with thick and high mitotic rate tumours. Future prospective studies would investigate if appropriate upkeep of suitable VDSL can decrease the risk of primary and recurrent melanoma diagnosis.
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3.
Vitamin D and Non-coding RNAs: New Insights into the Regulation of Breast Cancer.
Shahrzad, MK, Gharehgozlou, R, Fadaei, S, Hajian, P, Mirzaei, HR
Current molecular medicine. 2021;(3):194-210
Abstract
Breast cancer, a life-threatening serious disease with a high incident rate among women, is responsible for thousands of cancer-associated death worldwide. Numerous investigations have evaluated the possible mechanisms related to this malignancy. Among them, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), i.e., microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs have recently attracted attention of researchers. In addition to recent studies for evaluating the role of ncRNAs in breast cancer etiology, some investigations have revealed that vitamin D has regulatory and therapeutic roles in breast cancer. Moreover, an important link between vitamin D and ncRNAs in cancer therapy has been highlighted. Herein, the aim of this study was to discuss the available data on the mentioned link in breast cancer.
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4.
Cross-sectional observational study - Investigation of vitamin D concentration in Caucasian cancer patients. what is the adequate dose of vitamin D for these patients?
Kapała, A, Szlendak, M, Grochowska, E
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2021;(6):3852-3858
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D impairs tumour-related transformation and supports the anticancer function of the immune system. Currently, there are no guidelines on vitamin D supplementation devoted solely to cancer patients. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in Caucasian cancer patients and to characterize the clinical factors that predispose individuals to decreased vitamin D concentration. Secondly, the study aimed to estimate the dose of vitamin D supplementation that would prevent deficiencies in patients with cancer. METHODS In the presented cross-sectional study the population consisted of 500 consecutive Caucasian patients with a diagnosis of neoplastic disease, some of which declared long-term vitamin D supplementation in various doses. Serum vitamin D concentration was measured once in all patients and clinical data were obtained from the hospital database. The frequencies of vitamin D deficiency were compared to certain clinical variables by appropriate statistical tests. The dose of vitamin D substitution in cancer patients was estimated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 66.8% of patients with cancer and even in 31.6% who declared vitamin D supplementation. Older age, male gender, diagnosis of head and neck cancer or squamous cell carcinoma and body mass loss were identified as factors that predispose to vitamin D deficiency. The dose of vitamin D that would prevent deficiency in Caucasian patients with cancer was set at 2250 IU daily. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was very common in Caucasian patients with cancer, even in terms of vitamin D supplementation. The greatest predisposition was related to elder age, male gender, diagnosis of head and neck or squamous cell carcinoma and body mass loss. The dose of vitamin D supplementation in cancer patients should probably be higher than in the general population.
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5.
Vitamin D, Epstein-Barr virus, and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis - facts and hypotheses.
Brütting, C, Stangl, GI, Staege, MS
Journal of integrative neuroscience. 2021;(1):233-238
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly understood. Presumably, MS is caused by multiple environmental, epigenetic, and genetic factors. Among them, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and vitamin D have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis and course of MS. Because vitamin D can affect the immune system and infections, it can be hypothesized that there is a close interplay between vitamins, EBV and ERV in the pathogenesis of MS. Here, we summarize the important data on vitamin D, including polymorphisms in genes related to vitamin D metabolism, EBV and ERV, in the pathogenesis of MS and create hypotheses regarding their interactions. Data indicate that vitamin D has a strong impact on viral infections and interferes with EBV infection, while EBV is capable of activating silent ERVs. We believe that EBV could be the missing link between vitamin D and ERV in MS pathogenesis.
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6.
Does Vitamin D affects changes in volumetric bone mineral density and architecture in postmenopausal women after conservatively treated distal radius fractures?
Raptis, K, Makris, K, Trovas, G, Galanos, A, Koutserimpas, C, Papaioannou, N, Vlamis, I, Vlasis, K, Tournis, S
Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 2021;(1):93-103
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the role of vitamin D on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and architecture during the first week's post-fracture in postmenopausal women (PMW) with distal radial fractures (DRF) treated conservatively using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). METHODS Patients were classified into 2 groups according to initial median 25(OH)D level; Group A (25(OH)D ≥15 ng/ml) and group B (25(OH)D <15 ng/ml). All patients were followed for 12 weeks at three visits: baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks post fracture. pQCT was performed at baseline in fractured and contralateral non-fractured radius and at 6th and 12th week on the fractured side. RESULTS 39 patients completed the protocol. Mean 25(OH)D levels were 15.60±7.35 ng/ml (3.5-41.7). Trabecular (trab) bone mineral content (BMC) and trabvBMD increased at 6 wk. vs. baseline (p<0.001). Cortical BMC, cortvBMD and cross- sectional area (CSA) progressively decreased (p<0.001) during the 12 weeks. There was no interaction between baseline 25(OH)D levels and changes in trabecular and cortical BMC, vBMD and CSA. Advanced age and higher CTX and P1NP were associated with higher cortical bone loss. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency does not affect the early architectural changes after a DRF. Advanced age and higher bone remodeling were associated with higher cortical bone loss, probably related to immobilization and independent of vitamin D levels.
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7.
Supplementation with vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic?
Hadizadeh, F
Nutrition reviews. 2021;(2):200-208
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 has high transmissibility and could result in acute lung injury in a fraction of patients. By counterbalancing the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is the fusion receptor of the virus, plays a protective role against the development of complications of this viral infection. Vitamin D can induce the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and regulate the immune system through different mechanisms. Epidemiologic studies of the relationship between vitamin D and various respiratory infections were reviewed and, here, the postulated mechanisms and clinical data supporting the protective role of vitamin D against COVID-19-mediated complications are discussed.
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8.
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY ON NEWBORNS AND INFANTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW.
Dutra, LV, Souza, FIS, Konstantyner, T
Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo. 2021;:e2020087
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on newborns and infants. DATA SOURCES The present study is an integrative review of literature based on clinical trials published in journals indexed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two searches were carried out, starting with the association (and) of the health term "vitamin D" with "pregnancy". In the search for information, selection criteria were established, and there was no language limitation and year of publication. DATA SYNTHESIS The final selection resulted in 44 clinical trials, most of which were randomized and double blind, which were carried out in outpatient clinics, referral hospitals and universities, mainly in Europe. The samples studied were predominantly of newborns. In these 44 trials, 23 types of different doses of vitamin D during pregnancy, with different doses, regimens and times of use, and 14 different outcomes were studied in newborns (NB) and infants. Of the 44 studies performed, 35 showed statistically significant beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on newborns and infants compared to control groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy for at least three months before delivery has the potential of positively influencing calcium metabolism, physical growth and immune system development in newborns and infants. However, there is insufficient knowledge to define the optimal dose and to guarantee the absence of possible long-term adverse effects.
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Vitamin D and Allergy Susceptibility during Gestation and Early Life.
Briceno Noriega, D, Savelkoul, HFJ
Nutrients. 2021;(3)
Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of allergies in young children, but also vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and in newborns is rising. Vitamin D modulates the development and activity of the immune system and a low vitamin D status during pregnancy and in early life might be associated with an increased risk to develop an allergy during early childhood. This review studies the effects of vitamin D during gestation and early life, on allergy susceptibility in infants. The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, inhibits maturation and results in immature dendritic cells that cause a decreased differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cells. Nevertheless, the development of regulatory T cells and the production of interleukin-10 was increased. Consequently, a more tolerogenic immune response developed against antigens. Secondly, binding of 1,25(OH)2D to epithelial cells induces the expression of tight junction proteins resulting in enhanced epithelial barrier function. Thirdly, 1,25(OH)2D increased the expression of anti-microbial peptides by epithelial cells that also promoted the defense mechanism against pathogens, by preventing an invasive penetration of pathogens. Immune intervention by vitamin D supplementation can mitigate the disease burden from asthma and allergy. In conclusion, our review indicates that a sufficient vitamin D status during gestation and early life can lower the susceptibility to develop an allergy in infants although there remains a need for more causal evidence.
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10.
The impact of active vitamin D administration on the clinical outcomes of acne vulgaris.
Ahmed Mohamed, A, Salah Ahmed, EM, Abdel-Aziz, RTA, Eldeeb Abdallah, HH, El-Hanafi, H, Hussein, G, Abbassi, MM, El Borolossy, R
The Journal of dermatological treatment. 2021;(7):756-761
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has a role in various inflammatory skin diseases as acne. This study aimed to investigate the serum level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D in acne patients and to assess the efficacy and safety of active vitamin D in management of acne. This study was conducted on 100 patients with acne and 100 healthy controls, then the 100 acne patients were randomized to either the study group that received 0.25ug alfacalcidol daily or the placebo group that received oral placebo during the 3 months study period. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were significantly lower in acne patients than in healthy control and were inversely correlated to the severity of acne. After alfacalcidol administration, the study group showed significant higher level of 25(OH) D levels (p < .05) compared to placebo group. In addition, median serum level of IL6 and TNFα significantly decreased (p < .05) in the study group in comparison to placebo group and as compared to their baseline results. Acne patients are more commonly to have vitamin D deficiency as compared to healthy people and hence, alfacalcidol might have a beneficial role in the acne management with no reported side effects.