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1.
The Impact of Vitamin D Levels in Foot and Ankle Surgery.
Giakoumis, M
Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery. 2020;(2):305-315
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D has been established as a global health problem. As an important regulator of skeletal health homeostasis throughout one's life, optimal levels are presumed. Debate, however, still exists surrounding the definition of normal vitamin D levels and what affect hypovitaminosis D has on fracture prevention, fracture healing, and successful arthrodesis. A literature search failed to show any level 1 studies examining hypovitaminosis D and union rates in foot and/or ankle arthrodesis procedures. Several retrospective studies do point to some sort of association between nonunion and hypovitaminosis D. Because of lack of high-level studies, a potential study design is proposed.
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2.
Exploring links between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19.
Mohan, M, Cherian, JJ, Sharma, A
PLoS pathogens. 2020;(9):e1008874
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a major public health threat in most countries. The causative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and result in mortality in COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D is an immunomodulator hormone with established effectiveness against various upper respiratory infections. Vitamin D can stall hyper-inflammatory responses and expedite healing process of the affected areas, primarily in the lung tissue. Thus, there are ecological and mechanistic reasons to promote exploration of vitamin D action in COVID-19 patients. As no curative drugs are available currently for COVID-19, we feel that the potential of vitamin D to alter the course of disease severity needs to be investigated. Clinical studies may be undertaken to address the value of vitamin D supplementation in deficient, high-risk COVID-19 patients.
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3.
[The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension.].
Lystsova, NL, Petelina, TI, Gapon, LI, Avdeeva, KS, Bucova, SG, Suplotov, SN
Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika. 2020;(1):5-10
Abstract
In recent years, accumulated numerous data on the pathogenetic links of the formation of arterial hypertension. A number of studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency, associated with age, changes in sex hormonal status, increased tone of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, and calcium metabolism, can be one of the mechanisms of development and progression of arterial hypertension. The purpose of the review was to summarize the results of the original domestic and foreign studies, prospective observations and meta-analyzes on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and arterial hypertension.
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4.
Vitamin D, menopause, and aging: quo vadis?
López-Baena, MT, Pérez-Roncero, GR, Pérez-López, FR, Mezones-Holguín, E, Chedraui, P
Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society. 2020;(2):123-129
Abstract
Menopause and aging are associated with changes in circulating gonadal steroid hormones, insulin sensitivity, body composition, and also lifestyle and social coordinates. Vitamin D status influences different metabolic adjustments, aside from calcium-phosphorus and bone metabolism. The main blood marker used to measure endogenous vitamin D status is 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Aging is associated with increases in serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, and a decrease of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolites. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status is also influenced by the circannual rhythm of sun irradiation. Results of clinical association studies have not correlated with intervention trials, experimental studies, and/or meta-analyses regarding the role of vitamin D on different outcomes in women during their second half of life and the vitamin D supplementation dose needed to improve clinical endpoints. Discordant results have been related to the method used to measure vitamin D, the studied population (i.e., sociodemographics and ethnicity), study designs, and biases of analyses. Vitamin D supplementation with cholecalciferol or calcifediol may improve some metabolic variables and clinical outcomes in young postmenopausal and older women. Studies seem to suggest that calcifediol may have some advantages over other forms of vitamin D supplementation. Further studies are needed to define interventions with supplements and effective food fortification.
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5.
The Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Gastric Cancer.
Parizadeh, SM, Ghandehari, M, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani, R, Parizadeh, SM, Hassanian, SM, Ghayour-Mobarhan, M, Ferns, GA, Avan, A
Nutrition and cancer. 2020;(1):15-23
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and bone health, but is also involved in several other important biological processes. Epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is very high globally. Recent studies have shown an association between vitamin D status with the prevalence and outcomes of several cancers that includes gastric cancer, which is a common cancer with a poor prognosis. The early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, in its advanced stages, is difficult and patients who are diagnosed at an advanced stage have a poor prognosis. In this review, we have summarized the recent studies investigating the association between vitamin D status and the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer.
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6.
Evidence Regarding Vitamin D and Risk of COVID-19 and Its Severity.
Mercola, J, Grant, WB, Wagner, CL
Nutrients. 2020;(11)
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency co-exists in patients with COVID-19. At this time, dark skin color, increased age, the presence of pre-existing illnesses and vitamin D deficiency are features of severe COVID disease. Of these, only vitamin D deficiency is modifiable. Through its interactions with a multitude of cells, vitamin D may have several ways to reduce the risk of acute respiratory tract infections and COVID-19: reducing the survival and replication of viruses, reducing risk of inflammatory cytokine production, increasing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 concentrations, and maintaining endothelial integrity. Fourteen observational studies offer evidence that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are inversely correlated with the incidence or severity of COVID-19. The evidence to date generally satisfies Hill's criteria for causality in a biological system, namely, strength of association, consistency, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility (e.g., mechanisms), and coherence, although experimental verification is lacking. Thus, the evidence seems strong enough that people and physicians can use or recommend vitamin D supplements to prevent or treat COVID-19 in light of their safety and wide therapeutic window. In view of public health policy, however, results of large-scale vitamin D randomized controlled trials are required and are currently in progress.
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7.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review.
Botelho, J, Machado, V, Proença, L, Delgado, AS, Mendes, JJ
Nutrients. 2020;(5)
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) levels have been gaining growing attention in Oral Health. During growth and adulthood, VD deficiency (VDD) is associated with a wide variety of oral health disorders, and impaired VD synthesis may expedite some of these conditions. In children, severe VDD can induce defective tooth mineralization, resulting in dentin and enamel defects. As a consequence, these defects may increase the risk of the onset and progression of dental caries. Further, VDD has been associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis and gingival inflammation, and several recent preclinical and clinical studies have unveiled potential pathways through which Vitamin D may interact with the periodontium. VDD correction through supplementation may contribute to a successful treatment of periodontitis; however, alveolar bone regeneration procedures performed in baseline VDD patients seem more prone to failure. Vitamin D may also be linked with some oral pathology entities such as certain oral cancers and events of osteonecrosis of the jaw. This review aims to provide comprehensive evidence of how VD levels should be considered to promote good oral health, and to summarize how VDD may hamper oral development and its role in certain oral conditions.
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8.
Effectiveness and safety of routine calcium supplementation in postmenopausal women. A narrative review.
Heidari, B, Hajian-Tilaki, K, Babaei, M
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2020;(4):435-442
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether routine administration of calcium supplementation is useful in postmenopausal women, while it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. METHODS A literature search was performed using Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar by using relevant keywords. RESULTS Calcium supplement exerts a small protective effect against bone loss which disappears after cessation. Antifracture effect of supplemental calcium is limited to older frail women or community-dwelling residents who are vitamin D deficient and have inadequate dietary calcium intake. The results of studies on the association between calcium supplementation and cardiovascular complications are contradictory and do not lead to a decisive conclusion CONCLUSION Current data do not support routine calcium supplementation to all postmenopausal women for prevention of bone loss or bone fracture.
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9.
Controversies related to vitamin D deficiency effect on the maternal and feto-placental unit - an update.
Sibtain, S, Sinha, P, Manoharan, M, Azeez, A
Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2020;(6):759-766
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (Vit D deficiency) is a global health concern and a common occurrence especially among pregnant women. It has been suggested that Vit D deficiency has implications on both the mother and the foetus. Vitamin D deficiency is the most under-diagnosed nutritional deficiency in the world, affecting the majority of individuals, irrespective of their geography, gender, age or race. Vitamin D deficiency is also linked with several diseases (autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular, dementia and musculoskeletal diseases). Therefore, appropriate supplementation is required in a deficient population. A diagnosis can be missed as symptoms associated with pregnancy are also seen in vitamin D-deficient women. A timely diagnosis and treatment can be beneficial as these disorders can cause maternal and foetal morbidity. Vitamin D status during pregnancy has been associated with maternal and foetal morbidity, but reported findings are inconsistent.
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10.
Vitamin D and Coronavirus.
Simonson, W
Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.). 2020;(4):496-497