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Effect of a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Estimated Dementia Risk.
Solomon, A, Handels, R, Wimo, A, Antikainen, R, Laatikainen, T, Levälahti, E, Peltonen, M, Soininen, H, Strandberg, T, Tuomilehto, J, et al
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2021;82(4):1461-1466
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Early identification of individuals at-risk of dementia is essential for effective preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on the risk of dementia. This study is a post-hoc analyses of intervention effects on change in the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) Dementia Risk Score. The CAIDE score was used to select at-risk participants to the FINGER trial. FINGER is a multicentre study conducted in 6 centres in Finland. Results show a significant beneficial intervention effect, especially in women, on reducing estimated dementia risk measured by the CAIDE score. Authors conclude that CAIDE risk score can be used as a tool to communicate dementia risk, and to select persons that may benefit from lifestyle interventions.
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on the risk of dementia estimated using the validated CAIDE risk score (post-hoc analysis). The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) is a 2-year randomized controlled trial among 1,260 at-risk older adults (60-77 years). Difference in the estimated mean change in CAIDE score at 2 years in the intervention compared to the control group was -0.16 (95 %CI -0.31 to 0.00) (p = 0.013), corresponding to a relative dementia risk reduction between 6.04-6.50%. This could be interpreted as a reflection of the prevention potential of the intervention.
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Coping behaviors associated with decreased anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.
Fullana, MA, Hidalgo-Mazzei, D, Vieta, E, Radua, J
Journal of affective disorders. 2020;275:80-81
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Worldwide, COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown might increase anxiety and depressive symptoms. The authors conducted an online survey of the general Spanish adult population two weeks after an official lockdown was established across the country as a quarantine. Results showed that: - sixty-five percent of the participants (mean age = 47 years; 73% females) reported anxiety or depressive symptoms (anxiety: 39% mild, 11% moderate, 4% severe; depressive: 29% mild, 9% moderate, 6% severe). - following a balanced diet and not reading news/updates about COVID-19 very often were the best predictors of lower levels of anxiety symptoms. - following a balanced diet, following a routine, not reading news/updates about COVID-19 very often, taking the opportunity to pursue hobbies, and staying outdoors or looking outside were the best predictors of lower levels of depressive symptoms. Authors conclude that simple coping behaviours may protect against anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown might increase anxiety and depressive symptoms, but some behaviors may protect against them. METHOD To provide a preliminary evidence of the behaviors associated with decreased symptoms in the current COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, we conducted a survey of 5545 adult individuals from the Spanish general population, two weeks after an official lockdown was established across the country. RESULTS Sixty-five percent of the sample reported anxiety or depressive symptoms. Following a healthy/balanced diet and not reading news/updates about COVID-19 very often were the best predictors of lower levels of anxiety symptoms. Following a healthy/balanced diet, following a routine, not reading news/updates about COVID-19 very often, taking the opportunity to pursue hobbies, and staying outdoors or looking outside were the best predictors of lower levels of depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional nature and use of sample of convenience. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that "simple" coping behaviors may protect against anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.
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Swimming pool exposure is associated with autonomic changes and increased airway reactivity to a beta-2 agonist in school aged children: A cross-sectional survey.
Cavaleiro Rufo, J, Paciência, I, Silva, D, Martins, C, Madureira, J, Oliveira Fernandes, E, Padrão, P, Moreira, P, Delgado, L, Moreira, A
PloS one. 2018;13(3):e0193848
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Studies have shown an association between swimming in chemically-treated pools and a higher risk of asthma in children, although the mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate how swimming pool attendance influences lung and nervous system function in school-aged children. Around 800 children were classified as current swimmers (CS), past swimmers (PS) or non-swimmers (NS). The children underwent several tests to determine their lung function and allergic response to common allergens. Parasympathetic nervous system function was tested by measuring the speed at which their pupils constricted in response to light. The current swimmers group had significantly lower pupil constriction speeds compared to PS and NS, suggesting a poorer functioning of the autonomic nervous system, possibly due to inflammation resulting from swimming pool chemical exposure. CS experienced greater constriction of the airways compared to NS. A non-significant trend for a higher risk of asthma, atopic eczema and rhinitis, was observed in swimmers. The authors concluded that swimming pool attendance appears to be associated with autonomic nervous system changes and increased baseline airway smooth muscle constriction even in children without asthma.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance swimming exercises coupled to disinfection by-products exposure has been associated with increased airways dysfunction and neurogenic inflammation in elite swimmers. However, the impact of swimming pool exposure at a recreational level on autonomic activity has never been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how swimming pool attendance is influencing lung and autonomic function in school-aged children. METHODS A total of 858 children enrolled a cross sectional survey. Spirometry and airway reversibility to beta-2 agonist, skin-prick-tests and exhaled nitric oxide measurements were performed. Pupillometry was used to evaluate autonomic nervous function. Children were classified as current swimmers (CS), past swimmers (PS) and non-swimmers (NS), according to the amount of swimming practice. RESULTS Current swimmers group had significantly lower maximum and average pupil constriction velocities when compared to both PS and NS groups (3.8 and 5.1 vs 3.9 and 5.3 vs 4.0 and 5.4 mm/s, p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Moreover, affinity to the beta-2 agonist and levels of exhaled nitric oxide were significantly higher in CS when compared to NS (70 vs 60 mL and 12 vs 10 ppb, p<0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). A non-significant trend for a higher risk of asthma, atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis was found with more years of swimming practice, particularly in atopic individuals (β = 1.12, 1.40 and 1.31, respectively). After case-case analysis, it was possible to observe that results were not influenced by the inclusion of individuals with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Concluding, swimming pool attendance appears to be associated with autonomic changes and increased baseline airway smooth muscle constriction even in children without asthma.
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The association between sedentary behaviour and risk of anxiety: a systematic review.
Teychenne, M, Costigan, SA, Parker, K
BMC public health. 2015;15:513
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Sedentary behaviour (SB) (e.g. sitting, computer use), has been linked to poor physical outcomes in adults. Research also suggests that SB may be linked to mental health conditions such as depression and self-esteem, but less is known about the link between SB and anxiety. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the link between SB and anxiety. The review, based on nine studies, concluded that there was moderate evidence to suggest that SB was linked to increased risk of anxiety although there is limited insight into the underlying mechanisms that may explain the link between SB and anxiety. Possible biological mechanisms include central nervous system arousal, sleep disturbances and poor metabolic health. Other possible explanations include social withdrawal; the theory that prolonged SB like television viewing may lead to social solitude and increased anxiety as a result. Equally, the authors suggested that it may be that people with increased anxiety spend more time socially withdrawn leading to an increase in SB. The authors concluded that further robust research was required to better understand the relationship between SB and anxiety.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has linked sedentary behaviour (SB) to adverse physical health outcomes in adults and youth. Although evidence for the relationship between SB and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression) is emerging, little is known regarding risk of anxiety. METHODS A systematic search for original research investigating the association between SB and risk of anxiety was performed using numerous electronic databases. A total of nine observational studies (seven cross-sectional and two longitudinal) were identified. Methodological quality of studies was assessed and a best-evidence synthesis was conducted. RESULTS One cross-sectional study demonstrated a strong methodological quality, five cross-sectional studies demonstrated a moderate methodological quality and three studies (two cross-sectional one longitudinal) received a weak methodological quality rating. Overall, there was moderate evidence for a positive relationship between total SB and anxiety risk as well as for a positive relationship between sitting time and anxiety risk. There was inconsistent evidence for the relationship between screen time, television viewing time, computer use, and anxiety risk. CONCLUSION Limited evidence is available on the association between SB and risk of anxiety. However, our findings suggest a positive association (i.e. anxiety risk increases as SB time increases) may exist (particularly between sitting time and risk of anxiety). Further high-quality longitudinal/interventional research is needed to confirm findings and determine the direction of these relationships.