0
selected
-
1.
Effects of a multicomponent resistance-based exercise program with protein, vitamin D and calcium supplementation on cognition in men with prostate cancer treated with ADT: secondary analysis of a 12-month randomised controlled trial.
Mundell, NL, Owen, PJ, Dalla Via, J, Macpherson, H, Daly, RM, Livingston, PM, Rantalainen, T, Foulkes, S, Millar, J, Murphy, DG, et al
BMJ open. 2022;12(6):e060189
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for local and advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is effective at reducing androgens, and thus inhibiting tumour progression. However, testosterone reduces the production of a highly neurotoxic protein (amyloid beta peptide 40), which is linked with the development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a multi-component resistance-based exercise programme with daily protein, vitamin D and calcium supplementation on cognitive function compared with usual care in PCa survivors treated with ADT. This study is a secondary analysis of a 12-month single-blinded, two-arm randomised controlled trial. Participants (n = 70) were randomised (1:1 ratio) to either: (a) multi-component exercise intervention including progressive resistance training, body-weight impact and balance exercises, as well as a daily nutritional supplement containing whey protein, calcium and vitamin D, or (b) usual care control receiving 1000 IU vitamin D only. Results show that a multicomponent exercise training and nutritional supplementation intervention did not improve cognitive function in men treated with ADT for PCa compared with usual care. Authors conclude that cognitive decline associated with ADT may mechanistically differ to that of general age-related cognitive declines, thus it is important that future studies also examine other intervention modalities.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this preplanned secondary analysis of a 12-month randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a multicomponent exercise programme combined with daily whey protein, calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cognition in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). DESIGN 12-month, two-arm, randomised controlled trial. SETTING University clinical exercise centre. PARTICIPANTS 70 ADT-treated men were randomised to exercise-training plus supplementation (Ex+ Suppl, n=34) or usual care (control, n=36). INTERVENTION Men allocated to Ex + Suppl undertook thrice weekly resistance training with weight-bearing exercise training plus daily whey protein (25 g), calcium (1200 mg) and vitamin D (2000 IU) supplementation. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Cognition was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months via a computerised battery (CogState), Trail-making test, Rey auditory-verbal learning test and Digit span. Data were analysed with linear mixed models and an intention-to-treat and prespecified per-protocol approach (exercise-training: ≥66%, nutritional supplement: ≥80%). RESULTS Sixty (86%) men completed the trial (Ex + Suppl, n=31; control, n=29). Five (7.1%) men were classified as having mild cognitive impairment at baseline. Median (IQR) adherence to the exercise and supplement was 56% (37%-82%) and 91% (66%-97%), respectively. Ex + Suppl had no effect on cognition at any time. CONCLUSIONS A 12-month multicomponent exercise training and supplementation intervention had no significant effect on cognition in men treated with ADT for prostate cancer compared with usual care. Exercise training adherence below recommended guidelines does not support cognitive health in men treated with ADT for prostate cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12614000317695, registered 25/03/2014) and acknowledged under the Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical Trial Notification Scheme (CT-2015-CTN-03372-1 v1).
-
2.
Improving rehabilitation in sarcopenia: a randomized-controlled trial utilizing a muscle-targeted food for special medical purposes.
Rondanelli, M, Cereda, E, Klersy, C, Faliva, MA, Peroni, G, Nichetti, M, Gasparri, C, Iannello, G, Spadaccini, D, Infantino, V, et al
Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle. 2020;11(6):1535-1547
-
-
-
Free full text
-
Plain language summary
Sarcopenia is a condition characterised by loss of muscle mass in older adults. Current treatment consists of targeting muscle mass and function via physical exercise, optimisation of protein intake and vitamin D supplementation; but evidence is lacking. The purpose of this double blind, randomised controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of a muscle‐targeted nutritional supplement on physical performance and muscle mass recovery in older sarcopenic patients admitted to an in‐patient rehabilitation facility, as well as to gather information on its economic benefits. 140 older adults took part in the trial. The intervention group consumed a whey protein-based nutritional formula with added leucine and vitamin D twice a day. The control group consumed an isocaloric formula. The intervention group significantly improved their gait speed. A substantial increase in muscle mass was also obtained. These patients also required significantly less rehabilitation than the patients in the control formula group and were discharged earlier. In old adults with sarcopenia admitted to hospital for rehabilitation the consumption of a whey protein‐based nutritional formula enriched with leucine and vitamin D improved physical performance and function, as well as muscle mass, and reduced the intensity and costs of care.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a disease associated with aging and a negative prognosis. Consensus-based treatment consists in targeting muscle mass and function through physical exercise, optimization of protein intake, and vitamin D supplementation, but evidence is lacking. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a muscle-targeted nutritional support on the outcome of a physical exercise rehabilitation programme. METHODS In a single-site, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (NCT03120026; May 2017 to December 2018), old (≥65 years) adults [N = 140 (63% female patients; age, 81 ± 6 years)] without severe cognitive impairment, who were found to have sarcopenia by European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2010 criteria and hospitalized for physical rehabilitation, were randomized to receive until discharge (for at least 4 weeks and up to 8 weeks) a whey protein-based nutritional formula enriched with leucine and vitamin D or an iso-caloric control formula twice daily in addition to a standard hospital diet. The primary endpoint was the change in 4 m gait speed per month. Key secondary endpoints addressed the change in physical performance: chair-stand test, timed up and go test, and short physical performance battery. Other secondary outcomes were the change in functional status, muscle strength and mass, cognitive status, and quality of life. The proportion of patients who improved their rehabilitation intensity profile and overall economic benefits (using length of stay and duration of rehabilitation as surrogate measures) were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 161 patients were screened and 140 were randomized to study interventions. Thirteen patients (experimental, n = 6; placebo, n = 7) discontinued the intervention because they disliked the product and intention-to-treat analyses were based on patients reassessed at discharge [n = 127 (66% female patients; age, 81 ± 6 years)]. Supplementation with the experimental formula (n = 64) resulted in greater increase in mean gait speed {0.061 m/s/month [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.043 to 0.080]} than placebo [n = 63; -0.001 m/s/month (95%CI, -0.008 to 0.006)]: mean difference, 0.063 m/s/month (95%CI, 0.043 to 0.082) (P < 0.001). A significant effect was also found for muscle mass (P < 0.03) and all key secondary outcomes, functional and cognitive endpoints (P < 0.001 for all). Supplementation resulted also in higher proportion of patients improving their rehabilitation intensity profile (P = 0.003) and being discharged home (P = 0.002); shorter rehabilitation (P < 0.001); and hospital stay (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In old adults with sarcopenia admitted to hospital for rehabilitation the consumption of a whey protein-based nutritional formula enriched with leucine and vitamin D improved physical performance and function, as well as muscle mass, and reduced the intensity and costs of care.
-
3.
Role of Calcium and Low-Fat Dairy Foods in Weight-Loss Outcomes Revisited: Results from the Randomized Trial of Effects on Bone and Body Composition in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women.
Ilich, JZ, Kelly, OJ, Liu, PY, Shin, H, Kim, Y, Chi, Y, Wickrama, KKAS, Colic-Baric, I
Nutrients. 2019;11(5)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
A woman’s menopausal years are believed to bring about weight gain due to various biological mechanisms, such as depletion of oestrogen. Many women undertake weight loss diets, in an attempt to control the weight gain, and although weight loss can reduce the risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular disease etc, it can also lead to accelerated loss bone density and muscle mass. The objective of this study was to investigate whether by complementing a low-calorie diet with 4 to 5 servings of low-fat dairy foods per day and/or supplementing with calcium and vitamin D supplements would aid weight loss and preserve either/both bone and muscle mass. The study was conducted on 189 early postmenopausal, obese women. It was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted over 6 months. Researchers found that results were better for the participants on the low-fat dairy foods and those supplementing with calcium and vitamin D when compared to the placebo group (who only had placebo pills). They suggest that when embarking on a weight loss program it is beneficial to include 4 to 5 servings of low-fat dairy foods each day and take calcium and vitamin D supplements will have a positive impact on weight loss, bone density and muscle mass in post-menopausal women.
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the possibility of dairy foods and calcium (Ca) mediating weight and body composition, but a consensus has not been reached. We aimed to investigate weight-loss-related outcomes during intervention with low-fat dairy foods or Ca + vitamin D supplements, both as complements to hypocaloric diets. Overweight/obese Caucasian, early-postmenopausal women (n = 135) were recruited for a 6 month energy-restricted weight loss study complemented with either low-fat dairy foods (D; 4-5 servings/day), or Ca + vitamin D supplements (S); both to amount a total of ~1500 mg/day and 600 IU/day of Ca and vitamin D, respectively, or placebo pills (C). Bone mineral density (BMD) and lean and fat tissue were measured by Lunar iDXA. Serum and urinary markers of bone turnover were analyzed. Diet and physical activity were assessed with 3-day records. Participants on average lost ~4%, ~3%, and ~2% of body weight, fat, and lean tissue, respectively. The significantly better outcomes were noticed in participants in the D group regarding body composition (fat loss/lean tissue preservation) and in participants in the S group regarding the BMD outcomes, compared to those in the C group. Therefore, increasing low-fat dairy foods to 4-5 servings/day and/or increasing Ca & vitamin D intake by supplements (in those who are at the borderline dietary intake) may be beneficial for weight loss/maintenance and may lead to more favorable bone and body composition outcomes in postmenopausal women during moderate weight loss.
-
4.
Functional biochemical and nutrient indices in frail elderly people are partly affected by dietary supplements but not by exercise.
de Jong, N, Chin A Paw, MJ, de Groot, LC, de Graaf, C, Kok, FJ, van Staveren, WA
The Journal of nutrition. 1999;129(11):2028-36
-
-
-
Plain language summary
Elderly people are at risk of nutritional deficiencies for a variety of reasons including reduced appetite, increased medication, and alterations in the absorption and metabolism of vitamins and minerals with age. The aim of this study was to measure the influence of exercise, and supplementing the diet with vitamins and minerals, on indicators of nutritional and health status in frail elderly people. A 17-week randomised controlled trial was carried out on 145 frail elderly people living in the community. Participants were given either; 1) food products enriched with vitamins D, E, thiamine, riboflavin, B6, folic acid, B12, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and iodine; 2) an exercise programme; 3) both enriched food products and exercise programme; or 4) food products that had not been enriched and a social programme (the control group). At the end of the study, significant improvements in the blood levels of vitamins B6, B12, C and D were detected in the groups receiving the enriched food products compared to the controls. There was no additional benefit to be gained from exercise. The improvement in nutritional status did not appear to influence several other biological indicators of health, perhaps because these indicators were already within normal levels at the start of the study. Despite this, the authors concluded that long-term supplementation may help to maintain optimal vitamin and mineral levels in elderly people, and therefore reduce the chance of this population developing health problems related to malnutrition.
Abstract
A decline in dietary intake due to inactivity and, consequently, development of a suboptimal nutritional status is a major problem in frail elderly people. However, benefits of micronutrient supplementation, all-round physical exercise or a combination of both on functional biochemical and hematologic indicators of nutritional and health status in frail elderly subjects have not been tested thoroughly. A 17-wk randomized controlled trial was performed in 145 free-living frail elderly people (43 men, 102 women, mean age, 78 +/- 5.7 y). Based on a 2 x 2 factorial design, subjects were assigned to one of the following: 1) nutrient-dense foods, 2) exercise, 3) both (1) and (2) or 4) a control group. Foods were enriched with micronutrients, frequently characterized as deficient [25-100% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA)] in elderly people. Exercises focused on skill training, including strength, endurance, coordination and flexibility. Dietary intake, blood vitamin levels and nutritional and health indicators, including (pre)albumin, ferritin, transferrin, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin and lymphocytes were measured. At baseline, 28% of the total population had an energy intake below 6.3 MJ, up to a maximum of 93% having vitamin intakes below two thirds of the Dutch RDA. Individual deficiencies in blood at baseline ranged from 3% for erythrocyte glutathione reductase-alpha to 39% for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 42% for vitamin B-12. These were corrected after 17 wk in the two groups receiving the nutrient-dense foods, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control or exercise group. Biochemical and hematologic indicators at baseline were within the reference ranges (mean albumin, 46 g/L; prealbumin, 0.25 g/L; hemoglobin, 8.6 mmol/L) and were not affected by any of the interventions. The long-term protective effects of nutrient supplementation and exercise, by maintaining optimal nutrient levels and thereby reducing the initial chance of developing critical biochemical values, require further investigation. Other indicative functional variables for suboptimal nutritional status, in addition to those currently selected, should also be explored.