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A clinical trial about effects of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on weight loss, psychological profile and metabolic parameters in obese subjects.
Ben Othman, R, Ben Amor, N, Mahjoub, F, Berriche, O, El Ghali, C, Gamoudi, A, Jamoussi, H
Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism. 2023;6(2):e402
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Plain language summary
Gut microbiota is defined by all the beneficial microorganisms that live and grow in the intestine. It is set up from birth and evolves according to different factors. Today, the microbiota is considered a therapeutic revolution, where researchers use its enrichment to prevent or treat certain diseases including obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a probiotic supplement containing Bifidobacteruim, Lactobacillus strains and a prebiotic supplement by carob on the changes in body composition and metabolic biomarkers in subjects with obesity. This study was a prospective interventional study. Forty-five patients were recruited on their first visit to the obesity unit and were randomly assigned to three groups. All participants were enrolled in the weight loss program at the beginning of the study and followed a low-carbohydrate, reduced-energy intake eating plan. Results showed that a low-carbohydrate, restricted-energy diet effectively showed positive results in terms of weight loss, metabolic parameters and obesity-related psychiatric disorders in obese individuals. Authors concluded that prebiotics and probiotics supplementation with lifestyle measures can be taken into consideration for the management of obesity.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of obesity is difficult with many failures of lifestyle measures, hence the need to broaden the range of treatments prescribed. The aim of our work was to study the influence of pre and probiotics on weight loss psychological profile and metabolic parameters in obese patients. METHODS It is a clinical trial involving 45 obese patients, recruited from the Obesity Unit of the National Institute of Nutrition between March and August 2022 divided into three groups: diet only (low-carbohydrate and reduced energy diet), prebiotics (30 g of carob/day) and probiotics (one tablet containing Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus/day). The three groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. Patients were seen after 1 month from the intervention. Anthropometric measures, biological parameters, dietary survey and psychological scores were performed. RESULTS The average age of our population was 48.73 ± 7.7 years, with a female predominance. All three groups showed a significant decrease in weight, BMI and waist circumference with p < .05. Only the prebiotic and probiotic group showed a significant decrease in fat mass (p = .001) and a significant increase in muscle strength with p = .008 and .004, but the differences were not significant between the three groups. Our results showed also a significant decrease in insulinemia and HOMA-IR in the prebiotic group compared to the diet-alone group (p = .03; p = .012) and the probiotic group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose compared to the diet alone group (p = .02). A significant improvement in sleep quality was noted in the prebiotic group (p = .02), with a significant decrease in depression, anxiety and stress in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS The prescription of prebiotics and probiotics with the lifestyle measures seems interesting for the management of obesity especially if it is sarcopenic, in addition to the improvement of metabolic parameters and obesity-related psychiatric disorders.
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Probiotic Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function and Mood with Changes in Gut Microbiota in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial.
Kim, CS, Cha, L, Sim, M, Jung, S, Chun, WY, Baik, HW, Shin, DM
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. 2021;76(1):32-40
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Aging is characterized by progressive decline in biological functions of the organism. Diet is one of the critical lifestyle factors for physical and mental well-being throughout the life span, including later life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics consumption on intestinal and brain health in elders over the age of 65. This study is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. All participants, study coordinators, and researchers were blinded throughout the entire study. Sixty-three participants were randomized, with 31 and 32 subjects in the placebo and probiotics group, respectively. Results demonstrate that probiotics have system-wide effects on the gut–brain axis in healthy community-dwelling older adults by promoting cognitive and mental health and changing the gut microbial composition. Authors conclude that their findings provide evidence that probiotics have health-promoting properties as part of a healthy diet in the general population of independently living older adults.
Abstract
Probiotics have been proposed to ameliorate cognitive impairment and depressive disorder via the gut-brain axis in patients and experimental animal models. However, the beneficial role of probiotics in brain functions of healthy older adults remains unclear. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted to determine the effects of probiotics on cognition and mood in community-dwelling older adults. Sixty-three healthy elders (≥65 years) consumed either placebo or probiotics containing Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI for 12 weeks. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Brain functions were measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease, Satisfaction with life scale, stress questionnaire, Geriatric depression scale, and Positive affect and negative affect schedule. Blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative abundance of inflammation-causing gut bacteria was significantly reduced at Week 12 in the probiotics group (p < .05). The probiotics group showed greater improvement in mental flexibility test and stress score than the placebo group (p < .05). Contrary to placebo, probiotics significantly increased serum BDNF level (p < .05). Notably, the gut microbes significantly shifted by probiotics (Eubacterium and Clostridiales) showed significant negative correlation with serum BDNF level only in the probiotics group (RS = -0.37, RS = -0.39, p < .05). In conclusion, probiotics promote mental flexibility and alleviate stress in healthy older adults, along with causing changes in gut microbiota. These results provide evidence supporting health-promoting properties of probiotics as a part of healthy diet in the older adults.
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Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects.
Ford, HE, Peters, V, Martin, NM, Sleeth, ML, Ghatei, MA, Frost, GS, Bloom, SR
European journal of clinical nutrition. 2011;65(4):508-13
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There have been significant advances in the understanding of how hormonal signals released from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract interact with circuits within the central nervous system to control appetite and energy intake. The aim of this study is to investigate whether oral ingestion of sucralose, at a dose that would be consumed in a normal diet, increases circulating gut hormones (glucagon-like peptide [GLP-1] or peptide YY [PYY] concentrations in man. This study is a randomised, single-blinded, crossover design study. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive one of four solutions on four separate study sessions. Eight normal-weight, healthy volunteers were recruited, all of which were non-smokers, aged 22–27 years (seven females and one male) with a stable body weight. Results indicate that oral ingestion of the artificial sweetener sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY concentrations nor does it affect subjective feelings of appetite or energy intake at the next meal in healthy volunteers. Based on their findings, authors conclude that a dietary dose of sucralose does not stimulate the sweet-taste receptor in the GI tract to release GLP-1 and PYY.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The sweet-taste receptor (T1r2+T1r3) is expressed by enteroendocrine L-cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Application of sucralose (a non-calorific, non-metabolisable sweetener) to L-cells in vitro stimulates glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 secretion, an effect that is inhibited with co-administration of a T1r2+T1r3 inhibitor. We conducted a randomised, single-blinded, crossover study in eight healthy subjects to investigate whether oral ingestion of sucralose could stimulate L-cell-derived GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) release in vivo. METHODS Fasted subjects were studied on 4 study days in random order. Subjects consumed 50 ml of either water, sucralose (0.083% w/v), a non-sweet, glucose-polymer matched for sweetness with sucralose addition (50% w/v maltodextrin+0.083% sucralose) or a modified sham-feeding protocol (MSF=oral stimulation) of sucralose (0.083% w/v). Appetite ratings and plasma GLP-1, PYY, insulin and glucose were measured at regular time points for 120 min. At 120 min, energy intake at a buffet meal was measured. RESULTS Sucralose ingestion did not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY. MSF of sucralose did not elicit a cephalic phase response for insulin or GLP-1. Maltodextrin ingestion significantly increased insulin and glucose compared with water (P<0.001). Appetite ratings and energy intake were similar for all groups. CONCLUSIONS At this dose, oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY concentrations and hence, does not reduce appetite in healthy subjects. Oral stimulation with sucralose had no effect on GLP-1, insulin or appetite.
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Hormonal and psychobehavioral predictors of weight loss in response to a short-term weight reduction program in obese women.
Hainer, V, Hlavatá, K, Gojová, M, Kunešová, M, Wagenknecht, M, Kopský, V, Pařízková, J, Hill, M, Nedvídková, J
Physiological research. 2008;57 Suppl 1:S17-S27
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Among the many factors that influence weight loss and weight management, metabolic and hormonal parameters have been increasingly explored as important predictors. The aim of this study was to reveal potential psycho-behavioural and hormonal factors as predictors of weight loss. A group of 67 overweight women were enrolled in a 3-week weight management programme in which food intake and physical activity were under strict control. This study indicated that a short-term weight management programme induced favourable changes in anthropometric, psycho-behavioural and hormonal indices. Changes in several hormone concentrations were significantly associated with the reduction of anthropometric parameters, however psycho-behavioural factors did not contribute to weight change in the programme.
Abstract
Among the factors influencing weight loss and maintenance, psychobehavioral, nutritional, metabolic, hormonal and hereditary predictors play an important role. Psychobehavioral factors influence adherence to lifestyle changes and thus weight loss maintenance. The outcome of short-term weight reduction treatment is mainly affected by changes in energy and nutrient intake and physical activity and thus the impact of hormones can possibly be obscured. In order to reveal hormonal determinants of weight loss, a 4-week in-patient comprehensive weight reduction program was introduced in which food intake and physical activity were under the strict control. Women (n = 67, BMI: 32.4+/-4.4 kg; age: 48.7+/-12.2 years) who exhibited stable weight on a 7 MJ/day diet during the first week of weight management were given a hypocaloric diet yielding daily energy deficit 2.5 MJ over the subsequent 3-week period. This treatment resulted in a mean weight loss of 3.80+/-1.64 kg. Correlation analysis revealed that baseline concentrations of several hormones were significantly associated either with a higher (free triiodothyronine, C-peptide, growth hormone, pancreatic polypeptide) or with a lower (insulin-like growth factor-I, cortisol, adiponectin, neuropeptide Y) reduction of anthropometric parameters in response to weight management. In a backward stepwise regression model age, initial BMI together with baseline levels of growth hormone, peptide YY, neuropetide Y and C-reactive protein predicted 49.8 % of the variability in weight loss. Psychobehavioral factors (items of the Eating Inventory, Beck Depression score) did not contribute to weight change induced by a well-controlled short-term weight reduction program.