0
selected
-
1.
Development and content validity of an instrument for assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity.
Silva, DFO, Souza, ALS, Pimentel, JB, Souza, TO, Araújo, EPDS, Sena-Evangelista, KCM, Arrais, RF, Lima, SCVC
PloS one. 2020;15(11):e0242680
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Reduction and control of body weight is an important measure in order to reduce health risks in adolescence and adulthood. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the content of an instrument to assess the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. This is a methodological study. The development and content validation of the instrument was conducted in five stages. There were three rounds of evaluation; in the first round the responses of 12 experts were included, in the second round the responses of 10 experts were included and in the final round the responses of four experts were included. Findings show that the content validity evaluation of the items by the panel of experts allowed the selection of the most practical items for adolescents. Additionally, the revisions made in the wording of the items provided a better standardization in the presentation of the items and a clearer language adapted to the age range of the target audience. Authors conclude that further psychometric testing is needed to determine reliability and construct validity of the instrument.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the content of an instrument for assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. METHODS The development and validation of the instrument were conducted in five stages, for which two systematic reviews were conducted. The first one, for the identification of questionnaires assessing the motivation for weight loss, included six studies and contributed to the selection of the domains for the instrument. The second one, conducted to identify the motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and/or obesity, included six studies and contributed to the selection of 17 motivations included in the initial version of the instrument. The motivations most commonly identified were: having better health, improving my appearance, improving my self-esteem and avoiding bullying. The content validity was confirmed by a committee of 12 experts from the areas of nutrition, endocrinology, psychology, and physical education. Based on these evaluations, the content validity index was calculated. Only the items with a content validity index >0.80 for practical relevance were held in the instrument. RESULTS Five of the 17 motivations included in the initial version of the instrument were excluded because they had content validity index <0.80 for practical relevance. Of the 12 items held in the instrument, five were revised by experts in order to standardize wording and make the language more appropriate for adolescents. Experts categorized the items into the health, personal satisfaction, appearance and social domains. CONCLUSIONS This is the first instrument assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity in Brazil. The content validity evaluation by the panel of experts provided more practical relevance, as well as contributed to a better presentation of the items. Further psychometric testing is needed to determine reliability and construct validity of the instrument.
-
2.
Lifestyle factors and visceral adipose tissue: Results from the PREDIMED-PLUS study.
Galmes-Panades, AM, Konieczna, J, Abete, I, Colom, A, Rosique-Esteban, N, Zulet, MA, Vázquez, Z, Estruch, R, Vidal, J, Toledo, E, et al
PloS one. 2019;14(1):e0210726
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT, abdominal fat) is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and all cause mortality. Lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, are associated with VAT. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between different levels of physical activity (PA), adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and sedentary lifestyle with VAT in older people with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Data were taken from an ongoing randomised study evaluating the effect of a weight loss programme based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet, promotion of physical activity and behavioural support compared to usual care consisting of advice on an energy-unrestricted Mediterranean diet only. Total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and muscle strength were inversely, and sedentary behaviour was positively associated with VAT. There was no statistically significant association between VAT and light exercise, adherence to the energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and watching TV.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a strong predictor of cardiometabolic health, and lifestyle factors may have a positive influence on VAT depot. This study aimed to assess the cross-sectional associations between baseline levels of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviours (SB) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with VAT depot in older individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. METHODS Baseline data of the PREDIMED-Plus study including a sample of 1,231 Caucasian men and women aged 55-75 years were used. Levels of leisure-time PA (total, light, and moderate-to-vigorous, in METs·min/day) and SB (total and TV-viewing, in h/day) were evaluated using validated questionnaires. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using a 17-item energy-restricted MedDiet (erMedDiet) screener. The chair-stand test was used to estimate the muscle strength. VAT depot was assessed with DXA-CoreScan. Multivariable adjusted linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between lifestyle factors and VAT. For the statistics we had used multiadjusted linear regression models. RESULTS Total leisure-time PA (100 METs·min/day: β -24.3g, -36.7;-11.9g), moderate-to-vigorous PA (β -27.8g, 95% CI -40.8;-14.8g), chair-stand test (repeat: β -11.5g, 95% CI -20.1;-2.93g) were inversely associated, and total SB (h/day: β 38.2g, 95% CI 14.7;61.7) positively associated with VAT. Light PA, TV-viewing time and adherence to an erMedDiet were not significantly associated with VAT. CONCLUSIONS In older adults with overweigh/obesity and metabolic syndrome, greater PA, muscle strength, and lower total SB were associated with less VAT depot. In this study, adherence to an erMedDiet was not associated with lower VAT.
-
3.
Glycemic load effect on fasting and post-prandial serum glucose, insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in a randomized, controlled feeding study.
Runchey, SS, Pollak, MN, Valsta, LM, Coronado, GD, Schwarz, Y, Breymeyer, KL, Wang, C, Wang, CY, Lampe, JW, Neuhouser, ML
European journal of clinical nutrition. 2012;66(10):1146-52
-
-
-
Free full text
-
Plain language summary
Dietary intervention studies have shown detrimental metabolic effects of high-glycaemic load diets. The glycaemic index (GI) is the numerical classification of a particular food’s blood glucose-raising effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-glycaemic load diet on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) [hormone] and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) [protein] compared to a low-glycaemic load diet. The study is a randomised controlled crossover study which enrolled 84 normal weight and overweight-obese healthy individuals. The study included two 28-day weight-maintaining high- and low-glycaemic load diets. Results indicate that consumption of a low-glycaemic load diet resulted in lower post-prandial [after a meal] insulin and glucose responses and modestly lower fasting IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 concentrations. However, there were no observable effects of glycaemic load on insulin resistance or glucose-adjusted post-prandial insulin responses in these healthy participants. Authors conclude that further intervention studies are required in order to weigh the impact of dietary glycaemic load on risk for chronic disease.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The effect of a low glycemic load (GL) diet on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration is still unknown but may contribute to lower chronic disease risk. We aimed to assess the impact of GL on concentrations of IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a randomized, controlled crossover feeding trial in 84 overweight obese and normal weight healthy individuals using two 28-day weight-maintaining high- and low-GL diets. Measures were fasting and post-prandial concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. In all 80 participants completed the study and 20 participants completed post-prandial testing by consuming a test breakfast at the end of each feeding period. We used paired t-tests for diet component and linear mixed models for biomarker analyses. RESULTS The 28-day low-GL diet led to 4% lower fasting concentrations of IGF-1 (10.6 ng/ml, P=0.04) and a 4% lower ratio of IGF-1/IGFBP-3 (0.24, P=0.01) compared with the high-GL diet. The low-GL test breakfast led to 43% and 27% lower mean post-prandial glucose and insulin responses, respectively; mean incremental areas under the curve for glucose and insulin, respectively, were 64.3±21.8 (mmol/l/240 min; P<0.01) and 2253±539 (μU/ml/240 min; P<0.01) lower following the low- compared with the high-GL test meal. There was no effect of GL on mean homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance or on mean integrated post-prandial concentrations of glucose-adjusted insulin, IGF-1 or IGFBP-3. We did not observe modification of the dietary effect by adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Low-GL diets resulted in 43% and 27% lower post-prandial responses of glucose and insulin, respectively, and modestly lower fasting IGF-1 concentrations. Further intervention studies are needed to weigh the impact of dietary GL on risk for chronic disease.
-
4.
Plasma ghrelin concentrations are lower in binge-eating disorder.
Geliebter, A, Gluck, ME, Hashim, SA
The Journal of nutrition. 2005;135(5):1326-30
-
-
-
Plain language summary
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is characterised by eating a large quantity of food (objectively) at least 2 times a week for 6 months, and is associated with a loss of feelings of self control. It is found it around 30% of obese individual who participate in weight loss programs. There may be a biological element to this disorder with possible mechanisms including heritability, an enlarged stomach capacity and genetic mutations. Hormones may also play a role in BED. This study aimed to establish whether obese individuals had higher fasting and post feeding ghrelin levels, and slower gastric emptying compared to a non-obese BED control group. 38 overweight and obese women were recruited and classified into one of three groups; non binge eaters (12), binge eaters but not meeting full BED criteria (14) and BED syndrome (11). 10 of the 11 BED women were randomly allocated to a 6 week treatment of either a) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and a diet or b) a non treatment wait-list control. The study found that the BED women had a lower fasting ghrelin level and that ghrelin also declined less after a meal for this group. The authors stated that this appeared to be counterintuitive because ghrelin (which stimulates hunger) was expected to be higher for overweight and obese people. They suggest that binge eating may down-regulate ghrelin and be a response to over-eating (often when not hungry). They also suggested that ghrelin declining less for overweight and obese BED women may suggest that the magnitude of the ghrelin fall may be linked to higher satiation (so they have lower satiation and continue eating compared to other individuals).
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder (BED), characterized by binge meals without purging afterward, is found in about 30% of obese individuals seeking treatment. The study objective was to ascertain abnormalities in hormones influencing appetite in BED, especially ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating peptide, which was expected to be elevated. Measurements were made of plasma insulin, leptin, glucagon, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin, as well as glucose following an overnight 12-h fast, prior to and after ingestion (from 0 to 5 min) of a nutritionally complete liquid meal (1254 kJ) at 0830 h, at -15, 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Appetite ratings including hunger and fullness were also obtained. An acetaminophen tracer was used to assess gastric emptying rate. Three groups of comparably obese women (BMI = 35.9 +/- 5.5; % body fat = 44.9 +/- 4.7) participated: 12 nonbinge eating normals (NB), 14 subthreshold BED, and 11 BED. The BED subjects, compared to NB subjects, had lower baseline ghrelin concentrations prior to the meal, a lower area under the curve (AUC), with lower levels at 5, 15, 30, 90, and 120 min, and a smaller decline in ghrelin postmeal (all P < 0.03). The other blood values did not differ among groups, and neither did gastric emptying rate nor ratings of fullness. The BED subjects were then randomly assigned to treatment with cognitive-behavior therapy and diet (n = 5) or to a wait-list control (n = 4). Baseline ghrelin (P = 0.01) and AUC increased (P = 0.02), across both conditions, in which most subjects (7 of 9) stopped binge eating. The lower fasting and postmeal plasma ghrelin levels in BED are consistent with lower ghrelin levels in obese compared to lean individuals and suggests downregulation by binge eating.