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Evaluation of irisin and visfatin levels in very low birth weight preterm newborns compared to full term newborns-A prospective cohort study.
Mól, N, Zasada, M, Tomasik, P, Klimasz, K, Kwinta, P
PloS one. 2018;(9):e0204835
Abstract
Premature infants represent one of the groups with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. Our study is the first one to evaluate irisin and visfatin levels, associated with the metabolic syndrome, both in blood of preterm and full-term infants, as well as in the breastmilk of their mothers. A total of 72 newborns was enrolled in the study, including 53 very low birth weight preterm infants and a control group of 19 term infants. The levels of irisin and visfatin were determined by a commercial enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay both in the baby serum and maternal milk twice, first during the 1st week of life and then 4 weeks later. Preterm infants had significantly lower serum irisin levels compared to the term infants. Overall, serum irisin level during the 1st week of life was positively correlated with several anthropometric measurements at birth, as well as during 5th weeks of age. In contrast, serum visfatin levels during 5th week of life were negatively correlated with z-scores of birth weight, weight and head circumference during 5th week of age. We found a strong negative correlation between serum irisin and serum visfatin levels at both analyzed time points. The level of milk visfatin was significantly higher in the mothers of the preterm group during 5th week of life. In conclusion, our results provide further evidence that irisin and visfatin may play physiologic roles in development of both preterm and full-term newborns during their first month after birth. Observed differences in irisin and visfatin serum and breastmilk concentrations during the earliest stages of life may contribute to development of catch up growth, but also, they might eventually lead to a higher risk for metabolic syndrome in prematurely born children in later years.
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Growth Hormone Treatment Increases Plasma Irisin Concentration in Patients with Turner Syndrome.
Wikiera, B, Zawadzka, K, Łaczmański, Ł, Słoka, N, Bolanowski, M, Basiak, A, Noczyńska, A, Daroszewski, J
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2017;(2):122-128
Abstract
Irisin (Ir) deficiency may be a contributing factor in metabolic disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of supraphysiological doses of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on Ir plasma concentration in relation to metabolic disorders, including obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome. We studied 36 girls with Turner syndrome (mean age 8.2 years) treated with rhGH (0.05 mg/kg/day). Anthropometric data and fasting blood levels [e. g., Ir, insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), IGF-1, IGFBP-3, cholesterol, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and β-cell function (HOMA-β)] were analyzed prior to and following rhGH therapy [mean (SD) follow-up of 1.47 (0.89) years]. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) was calculated before and after the glucose load. Following rhGH therapy, an increase in IGF-1 [mean (SD) of 119.40 (62.47) ng/ml to 439.08 (209.91) ng/ml, p=0.000], Ir [2.10 (1.03) μg/ml to 2.48 (0.78) μg/ml, p=0.036], HOMA-IR [median (IQR) of 0.64 (0.45-1.30) to 0.92 (0.67-2.36), p=0.0206], and HOMA-β values [45.00 (27.69-72.00) to 81.53 (51.43-132.00), p=0.0447] were observed. Multiple regression analysis yielded no associations between Ir and metabolic and hormonal parameters before rhGH treatment; however, on rhGH, the model (R2=0.56, adjusted R2=0.45) showed positive associations between Ir and IGF-1 standard deviation score and HbA1c, and negative associations between Ir and fasting blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Despite manifestation of insulin resistance, rhGH application had a positive effect on Ir regulation, and restored physiological conditions of lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Circulating irisin levels are lower in patients with either stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction (MI) versus healthy controls, whereas follistatin and activin A levels are higher and can discriminate MI from CAD with similar to CK-MB accuracy.
Anastasilakis, AD, Koulaxis, D, Kefala, N, Polyzos, SA, Upadhyay, J, Pagkalidou, E, Economou, F, Anastasilakis, CD, Mantzoros, CS
Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2017;:1-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several myokines are produced by cardiac muscle. We investigated changes in myokine levels at the time of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and following reperfusion in relation to controls. METHODS Patients with MI (MI Group, n=31) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were compared to patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) subjected to scheduled PCI (CAD Group, n=40) and controls with symptoms mimicking CAD without stenosis in angiography (Control Group, n=43). The number and degree of stenosis were recorded. Irisin, follistatin, follistatin-like 3, activin A and B, ALT, AST, CK and CK-MB were measured at baseline and 6 or 24h after the intervention. RESULTS MI and CAD patients had lower irisin than controls (p<0.001). MI patients had higher follistatin, activin A, CK, CK-MB and AST than CAD patients and controls (all p≤0.001). None of the myokines changed following reperfusion. Circulating irisin was associated with the degree of stenosis in all patients (p=0.05). Irisin was not inferior to CK-MB in predicting MI while folistatin and activin A could discriminate MI from CAD patients with similar to CK-MB accuracy. None of these myokines was altered following PCI in contrast to CK-MB. CONCLUSIONS Irisin levels are lower in MI and CAD implying that their production may depend on myocadial blood supply. Follistatin and activin A are higher in MI than in CAD suggesting increased release due to myocardial necrosis. They can predict MI with accuracy similar to CK-MB and their role in the diagnosis of MI remains to be confirmed by prospective large clinical studies.
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Modulation of Irisin and Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Obesity and Morbid obesity.
Fagundo, AB, Jiménez-Murcia, S, Giner-Bartolomé, C, Agüera, Z, Sauchelli, S, Pardo, M, Crujeiras, AB, Granero, R, Baños, R, Botella, C, et al
Scientific reports. 2016;:30820
Abstract
Whether the executive profile is different between obesity (OB) and morbid obesity (MO) remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) can act as a cognitive enhancer. Irisin is a recently discovered hormone associated with some of the positive effects of PA. The objective of the study was to investigate the executive profile in OB and MO, and to explore the role of PA and irisin. 114 participants were included (21 OB, 44 MO and 49 healthy controls-HC) in the study and assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Iowa Gambling Task. All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60 years. Results showed a similar dysfunctional profile on decision making in OB and MO compared with HC. Thus, no specific neuropsychological profiles between OB and MO can be clearly observed in our sample. However, a negative correlation was found between irisin and executive functioning. These results demonstrate a specific executive profile in OB and a relevant and negative modulation of irisin on executive functioning. Although irisin might be a promising target for the treatment of obesity, its effects on cognition might be considered when thinking about its therapeutic use.
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The whole body cryostimulation modifies irisin concentration and reduces inflammation in middle aged, obese men.
Dulian, K, Laskowski, R, Grzywacz, T, Kujach, S, Flis, DJ, Smaruj, M, Ziemann, E
Cryobiology. 2015;(3):398-404
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect induced by exposure to low temperature might trigger the endocrine function of muscle and fat tissue. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the whole body cryostimulation (CRY) on irisin, a myokine which activates oxygen consumption in fat cells as well as thermogenesis. In addition, the relationship between hepcidin (Hpc) - hormone regulating iron metabolism, and inflammation was studied. A group of middle aged men (n = 12, 38 ± 9 years old, BMI > 30 kg m(-2)) participated in the study. Subjects were exposed to a series of 10 sessions in a cryogenic chamber (once a day at 9:30 am, for 3 min, at temperature -110 °C). Blood samples were collected before the first cryostimulation and after completing the last one. Prior to treatment body composition and fitness level were determined. The applied protocol of cryostimulation lead to rise the blood irisin in obese non-active men (338.8 ± 42.2 vs 407.6 ± 118.5 ng mL(-1)), whereas has no effect in obese active men (371.5 ± 30.0 vs 343.3 ± 47.6 ng mL(-1)). Values recorded 24 h after the last cryo-session correlated significantly with the fat tissue, yet inversely with the skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, we concluded the subcutaneous fat tissue to be the main source of irisin in response to cold exposures. The applied cold treatment reduced the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Hpc concentration confirming its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Immunoscintigraphy of patients with head and neck carcinomas, with an anti-angiogenetic antibody fragment.
Birchler, MT, Thuerl, C, Schmid, D, Neri, D, Waibel, R, Schubiger, A, Stoeckli, SJ, Schmid, S, Goerres, GW
Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2007;(4):543-8
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a phase I/II clinical study, we investigated tumor targeting in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), using an antibody directed against the extra-domain-B of fibronectin (EDB), a marker of angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Five patients with SCC were injected with the 123-iodine-radiolabeled L19(scFv)2 antibody and underwent scintigraphic detection with single photon emission tomography with computerized tomography (SPECT/CT). In addition, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (PET/CT) was performed. RESULTS Successful targeting of the primary tumor could be achieved in 4 of 5 patients and was comparable to PET imaging. No side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Tumor targeting with the L19(scFv)2 antibody is also feasible for head and neck SCC. SIGNIFICANCE These results may serve as a base for future therapeutical applications in human beings, with modified versions of the L19(scFv)2 antibody, designed to selectively deliver bioactive molecules into malignant tumors.