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1.
Lifestyle-Intervention-Induced Reduction of Abdominal Fat Is Reflected by a Decreased Circulating Glycerol Level and an Increased HDL Diameter.
Beekman, M, Schutte, BAM, Akker, EBVD, Noordam, R, Dibbets-Schneider, P, de Geus-Oei, LF, Deelen, J, Rest, OV, Heemst, DV, Feskens, EJM, et al
Molecular nutrition & food research. 2020;(10):e1900818
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Abstract
SCOPE Abdominal obesity is one of the main modifiable risk factors of age-related cardiometabolic disease. Cardiometabolic disease risk and its associated high abdominal fat mass, cholesterol, and glucose concentrations can be reduced by a healthier lifestyle. Hence, the aim is to understand the relation between lifestyle-induced changes in body composition, and specifically abdominal fat, and accompanying changes in circulating metabolic biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from the Growing Old Together (GOTO) study was used, which is a single arm lifestyle intervention in which 164 older adults (mean age 63 years, BMI 23-35 kg/m2 ) changed their lifestyle during 13 weeks by 12.5% caloric restriction plus 12.5% increase in energy expenditure. It is shown here that levels of circulating metabolic biomarkers, even after adjustment for body mass index, specifically associate with abdominal fat mass. The applied lifestyle intervention mainly reduces abdominal fat mass (-2.6%, SD = 3.0) and this reduction, when adjusted for general weight loss, is highly associated with decreased circulating glycerol concentrations and increased HDL diameter. CONCLUSION The lifestyle-induced reduction of abdominal fat mass is particularly associated, independent of body mass index or general weight loss, with decreased circulating glycerol concentrations and increased HDL diameter.
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Blood-retinal barrier glycerol permeability in diabetic macular edema and healthy eyes: estimations from macular volume changes after peroral glycerol.
Thornit, DN, Vinten, CM, Sander, B, Lund-Andersen, H, la Cour, M
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2010;(6):2827-34
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the changes in macular volume (MV) between healthy subjects and patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) after an osmotic load and to determine the glycerol permeability (P(gly)) of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). METHODS In this unmasked study, 13 patients with DME and 5 healthy control subjects ingested a glycerol solution (0.57 g/mL) of 3 mL/kg body weight (maximum, 250 mL). Subsequently, the MV determined by the retinal maps provided by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) fast macular thickness protocol was monitored at 12 time points for 180 minutes. A mathematical model of glycerol and osmotic water movements across the BRB was constructed to estimate P(gly). RESULTS Median MV decreased from 7.30 mm(3) (range, 6.68-7.35) to the maximum median DeltaMV of -0.30 mm(3) (25%-75% quartile: -0.34 to -0.25) in the healthy volunteers and from 7.97 mm(3) (range, 6.85-9.89) to DeltaMV of -0.14 mm(3) (25%-75% quartile: -0.19 to -0.08) in the diabetic group (intergroup difference: P < 0.05). P(gly) was 6.1 x 10(-6) (SE 1.8 x 10(-6)) and 74 x 10(-6) (SE 42 x 10(-6)) cm/s in the healthy and diabetic participants, respectively (P < 0.0001). No rebound phenomenon was observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS The maximum reduction in MV was doubled in the healthy group compared with the diabetic group, whereas the glycerol permeability was 12 times higher in the diabetic participants. These findings confirm the paradigm of BRB breakdown in DME, but also suggest a novel procedure for the determination of retinal permeability to various agents, which is independent of the vitreous condition (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00333671).
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In vivo evaluation of a Poly-2p barrier cream protective effect.
Lembo, S, Lembo, C, Lo Conte, V, Gallo, L, La Bella, S, Martellotta, D, Ayala, F
Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia. 2010;(6):703-8
Abstract
AIM: Theoretically, skin barrier creams reduce or even prevent the penetration into the skin by building up a physical barrier, like a thin film between the skin and the irritant. Practically, controversial experiences concerning the effectiveness of barrier creams exist. For this, we propose an in vivo method to evaluate the efficacy of barrier creams trough clinical scoring and instrumental analysis. METHODS Nineteen housewives with hand dermatitis in remission phase were enrolled in the study. Every patient was evaluated clinically and an arbitrary score was assigned by the investigator considering erythema, exudation, lichenification and xerosis. A score was also assigned by every patient to itching and burning. As measurement of the functional state of the skin and of the effectiveness of the barrier cream, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), corneometry, colorimetry and visco-elasticity determination were performed. To investigate the protection properties against irritant products, the 24-h irritancy patch test with sodium lauryl sulphate 1% in water was used. RESULTS Through the patch test technique the efficacy of the barrier cream was tested compared to other topical products containing corticosteroids, lipids, humectants or urea, with already known anti-inflammatory, lenitive or protective properties. The results showed this methods easy and fast in handling, non-invasive, standardized, and in vivo applicable for evaluation and ranking of barrier creams. CONCLUSION The study preparation demonstrated high tolerability and indubitable efficacy in improving the skin barrier function even towards a very well known irritant.
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Lipid kinetic differences between children with kwashiorkor and those with marasmus.
Badaloo, AV, Forrester, T, Reid, M, Jahoor, F
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;(6):1283-8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that one factor associated with poor prognosis in kwashiorkor, but not in marasmus, is impaired lipid catabolism, which limits the supply of energy that is essential for survival when dietary intake is inadequate. However, this hypothesis has not been tested. OBJECTIVE The objective was to measure lipid kinetics in malnourished children with kwashiorkor or marasmus. DESIGN Glycerol concentration and flux (index of total lipolysis), palmitate concentration and flux (index of net lipolysis), and palmitate oxidation rate (index of fatty acid oxidation) were measured in 8 children (n = 5 boys and 3 girls) with kwashiorkor and 7 (n = 4 boys and 3 girls) with marasmus, aged 4-20 mo, in the postabsorptive state. The measurements were made approximately 3 d after admission, when the children were malnourished, and after the children attained normal weight-for-length, ie, at recovery. RESULTS The glycerol concentration was higher in the malnourished stage than at recovery for the marasmus and kwashiorkor groups combined. Glycerol flux tended to be lower (P = 0.067) and palmitate flux significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the kwashiorkor group than in the marasmus group. Palmitate oxidation was significantly lower in the malnourished stage than at recovery in the kwashiorkor group but not in the marasmus group. In the malnourished stage, palmitate oxidation was slower in the kwashiorkor group than in the marasmus group, but no significant differences between groups were observed at recovery. CONCLUSIONS Children with kwashiorkor break down fat and oxidize fatty acids less efficiently than do children with marasmus; this factor may explain the better survival rate in marasmus.
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[The effect of alcoxyglycerols, squalene and n-3 fatty acid on some innate immunity parameters in healthy people].
Henryk, T, Ewa, G, Małgorzata, B, Przemysław, L
Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 2005;(105):303-6
Abstract
UNLABELLED BioMarine 570 is well tolerated agent supporting the innate immunity. It was isolated from Greenland shark liver. AIM: To evaluate the effect of BioMarine. MATERIAL AND METHOD The 10 healthy, randomly chosen volunteers are included to the protocol. Volunteers are given 9 capsules of BioMarine a day for 30 days. The clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed before and after the treatment. The following innate immunity parameters were analyzed: C1q, C3 C4 and CH50 of complement level, CD4/CD8 ratio, Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization, reactive oxygen intermediates production (ROI). RESULTS Clinically no side effects were noted. BioMarine intake has increased the C1q level, increase CD4/CD8 ratio from 1.3 to 1.8 and polarized Th1/Th2 lymphocyte cytokine secretion towards Th1. The modulation of ROI production by neutrophils was also noted. BioMarine has no affect on CD4+CD25+ regulatory lymphocytes. CONCLUSION Concluding BioMarine is save, effective and innate immunity supporting agent, can be effectively applied in people with disturbed immune system as harmless and effective agent normalizing the immune imbalance.
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Glycerol hyperhydration: physiological responses during cold-air exposure.
O'Brien, C, Freund, BJ, Young, AJ, Sawka, MN
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 2005;(2):515-21
Abstract
Hypohydration occurs during cold-air exposure (CAE) through combined effects of reduced fluid intake and increased fluid losses. Because hypohydration is associated with reduced physical performance, strategies for maintaining hydration during CAE are important. Glycerol ingestion (GI) can induce hyperhydration in hot and temperate environments, resulting in greater fluid retention compared with water (WI) alone, but it is not effective during cold-water immersion. Water immersion induces a greater natriuresis and diuresis than cold exposure; therefore, whether GI might be effective for hyperhydration during CAE remains unknown. This study examined physiological responses, i.e., thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, renal, vascular fluid, and fluid-regulating hormonal responses, to GI in seven men during 4 h CAE (15 degrees C, 30% relative humidity). Subjects completed three separate, double-blind, and counterbalanced trials including WI (37 ml water/l total body water), GI (37 ml water/l total body water plus 1.5 g glycerol/l total body water), and no fluid. Fluids were ingested 30 min before CAE. Thermoregulatory responses to cold were similar during each trial. Urine flow rates were higher (P = 0.0001) with WI (peak 11.8 ml/min, SD 1.9) than GI (5.0 ml/min, SD 1.8), and fluid retention was greater (P = 0.0001) with GI (34%, SD 7) than WI (18%, SD 5) at the end of CAE. Differences in urine flow rate and fluid retention were the result of a greater free water clearance with WI. These data indicate glycerol can be an effective hyperhydrating agent during CAE.
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Colonic fermentation from lactulose inhibits lipolysis in overweight subjects.
Ferchaud-Roucher, V, Pouteau, E, Piloquet, H, Zaïr, Y, Krempf, M
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2005;(4):E716-20
Abstract
One of the strategies to prevent insulin resistance is to reduce circulating free fatty acids (FFA). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of an oral lactulose load on fatty acid metabolism in overweight subjects. Eight overweight subjects received a primed constant intravenous infusion of [1-(13)C]acetate and of [1,1,2,3,3-(2)H(5)]glycerol for 9 h. After 3 h of tracer infusion, patients ingested 30 g lactulose, or saline solution. Arterialized blood samples were collected every 20 min. Basal plasma concentrations of acetate were similar before and between oral treatments as well as glycerol and FFA concentrations. Plasma acetate turnover was 11.4 +/- 2.4 vs. 10.7 +/- 1.4 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1) [not significant (NS)], and plasma glycerol turnover was 3.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.9 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1) (NS). After lactulose ingestion, acetate concentration increased twofold and then decreased to baseline. Acetate turnover rate increased to 15.5 +/- 2.2 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1) after lactulose treatment, whereas it was unchanged after saline treatment (10.3 +/- 2.2 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), P < or = 0.0001). In contrast, FFA concentrations decreased significantly after lactulose ingestion and then increased slowly. Glycerol turnover decreased after lactulose ingestion compared with saline, 2.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.3 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1) (P < or = 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between glycerol and acetate turnover after lactulose treatments (r = -0.78, P < or = 0.02). These results showed in overweight subjects a short-term decrease in FFA level and glycerol turnover after lactulose ingestion related to a decrease of lipolysis in close relationship with an increase of acetate production.
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A randomized clinical trial with a 0.6% amino acid/ 1.4% glycerol peritoneal dialysis solution.
Van Biesen, W, Boer, W, De Greve, B, Dequidt, C, Vijt, D, Faict, D, Lameire, N
Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. 2004;(3):222-30
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose is an accepted osmotic agent for peritoneal dialysis (PD) although it has several drawbacks. Some of these drawbacks have been addressed by the introduction of solutions with low glucose degradation products and physiological pH in dual-chambered bags. Despite this achievement, there is a need for alternative osmotic agents.This randomized clinical trial analyzes 3-month's clinical experience with a mixture of 0.6% amino acids and 1.4% glycerol. METHODS The study was performed at the renal units of the University Hospitals Ghent, Belgium, and Utrecht, The Netherlands. Stable PD patients were randomized for either protocol A (test solution, n = 5) or protocol B (control regimen, n = 5). In both protocols, there was a run-in phase of 1 month with a dialysis regimen of 2 x 2 L 2.27% glucose solution (Dianeal; Baxter, Nivelles, Belgium), 1 x 2 L Extraneal (Baxter), and 1 x 2 L glucose solution (Dianeal). After this month-long run-in period, patients in group A received during 3 months 2 x 2 L amino acid/glycerol solution, 1 x 2 L Extraneal, and at least 1 x 2 L of a classic glucose solution. RESULTS Glucose absorption decreased in the test group during the test phase (from 84.2 +/- 8.7 to 11.7 +/- 11.6 g/24 hours, p = 0.001). Dialysate levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) increased in the test group, from 17.5 +/- 11.0 to 32.4 +/- 4.6 units/L (p = 0.04), whereas, in the control group, the levels remained stable (15.5 +/- 8.7 and 14.9 +/- 9.8 units/L respectively, p = 0.4). There were no differences in serum urea, serum bicarbonate, serum osmolarity, serum albumin, or parameters related to skin-fold thickness or serum glycerol levels between control and test solutions. No differences were observed in obtained ultrafiltration after a 4-hour dwell with 2.27% glucose or the test solution, both measured at week 4 of the run-in period and week 12 of the test period. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the use of a new 0.6% amino acid/1.4% glycerol-containing dialysis solution is safe and well tolerated. Glucose load was reduced significantly and dialysate CA125 levels improved significantly. Ultrafiltration was comparable with that of a 2.27% glucose solution. All these factors, in combination with the potential nutritional benefits, can contribute to a beneficial impact on the success of the PD technique. Further long-term studies in larger patient groups are warranted to explore the potential of this promising new solution.
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Single-blind, randomized study comparing chromated glycerin, polidocanol solution, and polidocanol foam for treatment of telangiectatic leg veins.
Kern, P, Ramelet, AA, Wutschert, R, Bounameaux, H, Hayoz, D
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]. 2004;(3):367-72; discussion 372
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single-blind, randomized, comparative study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of pure chromated glycerin (CG), polidocanol (POL) 0.25% solution, and POL 0.25% foam (Monfreux technique) for treatment of telangiectasias and reticular leg veins. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative efficacy and safety of two sclerosing agents and foam. METHOD Of 150 randomized patients presenting comparable areas (lateral face of thigh) of telangiectasias and reticular leg veins, 147 could be evaluated by photographic assessment, patients' satisfaction score, and pain at injection sites. Internal and external agreement for the photographic assessment was good for two independent blinded experts. RESULTS CG cleared vessels significantly better than POL solution or foam (p<0.002). The patients' satisfaction score was also higher in the CG group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. CG was significantly more painful at injection sites. Other side effects were very few, precluding any statistical comparison. Foam was associated with more side effects (microthrombi, matting) than CG or POL solution. Three patients treated with POL foam experienced a transient visual disturbance. CONCLUSION This study shows that CG is superior to POL solution and foam for sclerotherapy of leg telangiectasias.
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Comparative trial between sodium tetradecyl sulfate and glycerin in the treatment of telangiectatic leg veins.
Leach, BC, Goldman, MP
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]. 2003;(6):612-4; discussion 615
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thirteen patients were treated with either sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) or glycerin to compare the efficacy and adverse sequelae of each agent. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative safety and efficacy of two sclerosant solutions. METHODS Each patient's leg veins that were from 0.2 to 0.4 mm in diameter and that did not have incompetence from the saphenofemoral junction and whose feeding reticular veins had been already treated in a prior sclerotherapy session were randomly treated with either 0.25% STS or 72% glycerin solution. Patients were evaluated from 2 to 6 months postsclerotherapy for overall clinical improvement and incidence of adverse sequelae. RESULTS Glycerin was comparable to STS in discomfort of injection but demonstrated a significant decrease in bruising, swelling, and postprocedural hyperpigmentation. Glycerin also demonstrated a better, more rapid clearance of treated telangiectasias. CONCLUSIONS Seventy-two percent glycerin is a safe and effective sclerosant with fewer side effects and more rapid clearance of telangiectatic leg veins than STS.