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Higher urinary bisphenol A concentration and excessive iodine intake are associated with nodular goiter and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Zhou, Z, Zhang, J, Jiang, F, Xie, Y, Zhang, X, Jiang, L
Bioscience reports. 2017;(4)
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether bisphenol A (BPA) levels and excessive iodine intake were associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and nodular goiter (NG). We determined total BPA concentrations (TBC) in paired serum and urine samples, and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) in urine samples collected from PTC patients, NG patients, and healthy individuals, then compared BPA concentrations and UIC within and between each patient group. The results showed that there were no gender-specific differences in serum TBC and UIC in each group, and no differences across all patient groups. Urinary BPA concentrations (UBC) were higher in the NG and PTC groups compared with the control group. UBC showed gender-specific differences in the NG and PTC group. Furthermore, UIC were higher in the NG and PTC groups compared with the control group. Higher UBC and excessive iodine intake were risk factors for NG and PTC according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. There was a significant correlation between UBC and UIC in each group. These data suggested that higher UBC and excessive iodine intake are associated with NG and PTC. The metabolic and functional pathways between BPA and iodine are potentially linked to the pathogenesis and progression of NG and PTC.
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Crocin prevents sesamol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human platelets.
Thushara, RM, Hemshekhar, M, Paul, M, Shanmuga Sundaram, M, Shankar, RL, Kemparaju, K, Girish, KS
Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis. 2014;(3):321-30
Abstract
Recent studies have reported the platelet proapoptotic propensity of plant-derived molecules such as, resveratrol, thymoquinone, andrographolide and gossypol. Meanwhile, there were also reports of phytochemicals such as cinnamtannin B1, which shows antiapoptotic effect towards platelets. Platelets are mainly involved in hemostasis, thrombosis and wound healing. However, altered platelet functions can have serious pathological outcomes that include cardiovascular diseases. Platelets are sensitive to external and internal stimuli including therapeutic and dietary components. The anuclear platelets do undergo apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. However, exaggerated rate of platelet apoptosis could lead to thrombocytopenia and other bleeding disorders. The present study deals with ameliorative efficacy of crocin on sesamol-induced platelet apoptosis. The antiapoptotic property of crocin and the proapoptotic tendency of sesamol in platelets were previously demonstrated. Therefore, it was interesting to see how these two compounds would interact and wield their effects on human platelets. Crocin effectively inhibited sesamol-induced oxidative stress on platelets, which was evidenced by the measurement of endogenously generated reactive oxygen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide, and changes in thiol levels. Further, crocin abrogated sesamol-induced biochemical events of apoptosis in platelets, which include intracellular calcium mobilization, changes in mitochondrial membrane integrity, cytochrome c release, caspase activity and phosphatidylserine externalization. Even though sesamol has proapoptotic effects on platelets, its anti-platelet activity cannot be neglected. Thus, the study proposes that sesamol could be supplemented with crocin, an approach that could not only abolish the toxic effects of sesamol on platelets, but also enhance the quality of treatment due to their synergistic action.
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The addition of raspberries and blueberries to a starch-based food does not alter the glycaemic response.
Clegg, ME, Pratt, M, Meade, CM, Henry, CJ
The British journal of nutrition. 2011;(3):335-8
Abstract
It is now known that health benefits associated with diets rich in fruit and vegetables may be partly derived from intake of polyphenols. Berry polyphenols may influence carbohydrate metabolism and absorption and hence postprandial glycaemia. To date, studies related to polyphenol effects on the glycaemic response have been completed only in liquids using either monosaccharides or disaccharides. It remains to be determined whether berries known to be rich in polyphenols can reduce the glycaemic response (GR) to a solid polysaccharide meal. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether berries alter postprandial hyperglycaemia and consequently the GR to a starchy food. Blood glucose was tested on seven occasions, on three occasions using a reference food and on four occasions using pancakes supplemented with either raspberries or blueberries or control pancakes containing similar amounts of fructose and glucose. Results showed that there were no differences in GR (blueberry 51·3 (SEM 5·7); raspberry 54·7 (SEM 5·6); blueberry control 43·9 (SEM 4·2); raspberry control 41·8 (SEM 6·4)), GR area under the curve or satiety index between any of the tests. The present study indicates that the ability of berries to reduce blood glucose from starch-based foods is unsubstantiated.
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Phenotyping tea consumers by nutrikinetic analysis of polyphenolic end-metabolites.
van Velzen, EJ, Westerhuis, JA, van Duynhoven, JP, van Dorsten, FA, Grün, CH, Jacobs, DM, Duchateau, GS, Vis, DJ, Smilde, AK
Journal of proteome research. 2009;(7):3317-30
Abstract
An integration of metabolomics and pharmacokinetics (or nutrikinetics) is introduced as a concept to describe a human study population with different metabolic phenotypes following a nutritional intervention. The approach facilitates an unbiased analysis of the time-response of body fluid metabolites from crossover designed intervention trials without prior knowledge of the underlying metabolic pathways. The method is explained for the case of a human intervention study in which the nutrikinetic analysis of polyphenol-rich black tea consumption was performed in urine over a period of 48 h. First, multilevel PLS-DA analysis was applied to the urinary 1H NMR profiles to select the most differentiating biomarkers between the verum and placebo samples. Then, a one-compartment nutrikinetic model with first-order excretion, a lag time, and a baseline function was fitted to the time courses of these selected biomarkers. The nutrikinetic model used here fully exploits the crossover structure in the data by fitting the data from both the treatment period and the placebo period simultaneously. To demonstrate the procedure, a selected set of urinary biomarkers was used in the model fitting. These metabolites include hippuric acid, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid and 1,3-dihydroxyphenyl-2-O-sulfate and derived from microbial fermentation of polyphenols in the gut. Variations in urinary excretion between- and within the subjects were observed, and used to provide a phenotypic description of the test population.
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Topical polyphenolic antioxidants reduce the adverse effects of intense pulsed light therapy.
Freedman, BM
Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology. 2009;(3):142-5
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense pulsed light therapy (IPL) has been associated with erythema and increased lipid peroxidation. Polyphenolic antioxidants have been shown to decrease inflammation and reduce oxidative stress in irradiated skin. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the topical application of polyphenolic antioxidants to IPL-treated skin reduced the adverse effects of IPL exposure. METHODS In a split-face study, 10 volunteers underwent three full-face IPL treatments (16 J/cm(2), 10 ms, 560 nm filter) spaced 3 weeks apart. A polyphenolic antioxidant solution was pneumatically applied to the left side of the face, beginning immediately before the first IPL treatment then weekly for six treatments. The lipid peroxide concentration, skin antioxidant level and skin moisture content were obtained before and after the study. RESULTS Skin treated with IPL alone contained a significantly higher concentration of lipid peroxides when compared to skin treated with IPL plus polyphenolic antioxidants (p<0.05). Skin treated with IPL alone contained a significantly lower level of polyphenolic antioxidants and had a significantly lower moisture content (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the concurrent pneumatic topical application of polyphenolic antioxidants reduced lipid peroxidation and skin dehydration in IPL-treated skin. Polyphenolic antioxidants may confer a protective effect on facial skin and enhance the effects of IPL therapy.
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Tea polyphenols decrease serum levels of prostate-specific antigen, hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer patients and inhibit production of hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.
McLarty, J, Bigelow, RL, Smith, M, Elmajian, D, Ankem, M, Cardelli, JA
Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2009;(7):673-82
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term supplementation with the active compounds in green tea on serum biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer. Twenty-six men with positive prostate biopsies and scheduled for radical prostatectomy were given daily doses of Polyphenon E, which contained 800 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and lesser amounts of (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (a total of 1.3 g of tea polyphenols), until time of radical prostatectomy. Serum was collected before initiation of the drug study and on the day of prostatectomy. Serum biomarkers hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were analyzed by ELISA. Toxicity was monitored primarily through liver function enzymes. Changes in serum components were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Cancer-associated fibroblasts were treated with EGCG, and HGF and VEGF protein and mRNA levels were measured. HGF, VEGF, PSA, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio decreased significantly during the study. All of the liver function tests also decreased, five of them significantly: total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase. The decrease in HGF and VEGF was confirmed in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts in vitro. Our results show a significant reduction in serum levels of PSA, HGF, and VEGF in men with prostate cancer after brief treatment with EGCG (Polyphenon E), with no elevation of liver enzymes. These findings support a potential role for Polyphenon E in the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer.
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Apple polyphenols influence cholesterol metabolism in healthy subjects with relatively high body mass index.
Nagasako-Akazome, Y, Kanda, T, Ohtake, Y, Shimasaki, H, Kobayashi, T
Journal of oleo science. 2007;(8):417-28
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Abstract
We performed a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study on moderately obese male and female subjects (71 subjects) with a body mass index ranging from 23 to 30 to evaluate the efficacy of 12-week intake of polyphenols extracted from apples and hop bract (600 mg/day). We confirmed that 12-week ingestion of polyphenol-containing capsules significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. The effects of the apple polyphenol-containing capsules were more marked than those of the hop bract polyphenol-containing capsules. The visceral fat area and the level of adiponectin in the group administered apple polyphenols improved in comparison with the control group. Blood and physical examinations revealed on clinical problems, and no adverse reactions were observed during the ingestion period. These results demonstrate that apple polyphenols regulate fat metabolism in healthy subjects with relatively high body mass index.
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Continuous intake of polyphenolic compounds containing cocoa powder reduces LDL oxidative susceptibility and has beneficial effects on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in humans.
Baba, S, Osakabe, N, Kato, Y, Natsume, M, Yasuda, A, Kido, T, Fukuda, K, Muto, Y, Kondo, K
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;(3):709-17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocoa powder is rich in polyphenols such as catechins and procyanidins and has been shown in various models to inhibit LDL oxidation and atherogenesis. OBJECTIVE We examined whether long-term intake of cocoa powder alters plasma lipid profiles in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic human subjects. DESIGN Twenty-five subjects were randomly assigned to ingest either 12 g sugar/d (control group) or 26 g cocoa powder and 12 g sugar/d (cocoa group) for 12 wk. Blood samples were collected before the study and 12 wk after intake of the test drinks. Plasma lipids, LDL oxidative susceptibility, and urinary oxidative stress markers were measured. RESULTS At 12 wk, we measured a 9% prolongation from baseline levels in the lag time of LDL oxidation in the cocoa group. This prolongation in the cocoa group was significantly greater than the reduction measured in the control group (-13%). A significantly greater increase in plasma HDL cholesterol (24%) was observed in the cocoa group than in the control group (5%). A negative correlation was observed between plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol and oxidized LDL. At 12 wk, there was a 24% reduction in dityrosine from baseline concentrations in the cocoa group. This reduction in the cocoa group was significantly greater than the reduction in the control group (-1%). CONCLUSION It is possible that increases in HDL-cholesterol concentrations may contribute to the suppression of LDL oxidation and that polyphenolic substances derived from cocoa powder may contribute to an elevation in HDL cholesterol.
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Additive or synergetic effects of phenolic compounds on human low density lipoprotein oxidation.
Cirico, TL, Omaye, ST
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2006;(4):510-6
Abstract
The in vitro assessment of the antioxidant capacity of four phenolic compounds; catechin, hesperidin, ferulic acid, and quercetin was evaluated by the examination of their ability to inhibit copper (Cu(2+))-mediated human low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Individually, the enrichment of LDLs with various concentrations of catechin, hesperidin, ferulic acid, and quercetin produced both antioxidant and prooxidant effects depending on enrichment concentrations of the polyphenolic compounds. Catechin and hesperidin had predominantly antioxidant effects (51.1%, 76.9%, respectively) while ferulic acid and quercetin had mostly prooxidant effects (166.4%; 191.8%, respectively) on LDL oxidation. However, when the mixture of the four phenolic compounds was used to enrich the LDLs, significant antioxidant capacity was demonstrated at all enrichment levels with a dose-response. Synergistic effects of the polyphenolic compounds as mixtures in preventing human LDL oxidation may reflect that nutritional advantages are found in the consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables in preventing LDL oxidation and perhaps a host of cardiovascular diseases.
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Grape polyphenols exert a cardioprotective effect in pre- and postmenopausal women by lowering plasma lipids and reducing oxidative stress.
Zern, TL, Wood, RJ, Greene, C, West, KL, Liu, Y, Aggarwal, D, Shachter, NS, Fernandez, ML
The Journal of nutrition. 2005;(8):1911-7
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To evaluate the effects of grape polyphenols on plasma lipids, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress, 24 pre- and 20 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to consume 36 g of a lyophilized grape powder (LGP) or a placebo for 4 wk. The LGP consisted of 92% carbohydrate and was rich in flavans, anthocyanins, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, and resveratrol. After a 3-wk washout period, subjects were assigned to the alternate treatment for an additional 4 wk. The placebo consisted of an equal ratio of fructose and dextrose and was similar in appearance and energy content (554 kJ) to LGP. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were reduced by 15 and 6% in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively (P < 0.01) after LGP supplementation. In addition, plasma LDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins B and E were lower due to LGP treatment (P < 0.05). Further, cholesterol ester transfer protein activity was decreased by approximately 15% with intake of LGP (P < 0.05). In contrast to these beneficial effects on plasma lipids, LDL oxidation was not modified by LGP treatment. However, whole-body oxidative stress as measured by urinary F(2)-isoprostanes was significantly reduced after LGP supplementation. LGP also decreased the levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which plays a major role in the inflammation process. Through alterations in lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, LGP intake beneficially affected key risk factors for coronary heart disease in both pre- and postmenopausal women.