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The effects of poloxamer and sodium alginate mixture (Guardix-SG®) on range of motion after axillary lymph node dissection: A single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind pilot study.
Lee, SB, Gwark, SC, Kang, CM, Sohn, G, Kim, J, Chung, IY, Lee, JW, Kim, HJ, Ko, BS, Ahn, SH, et al
PloS one. 2020;(9):e0238284
Abstract
PURPOSE Restricted shoulder mobility is a major upper extremity dysfunction associated with lower quality of life and disability after breast cancer surgery. We hypothesized that a poloxamer and sodium alginate mixture (Guardix-SG®) applied after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) would significantly improve shoulder range of motion (ROM) in patients with breast cancer. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, prospective study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Guardix-SG® for the prevention of upper extremity dysfunction after ALND. The primary outcome measure was shoulder ROM at baseline (T0) and 3 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 months (T3) after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score(DASH), pain associated with movement, which was assessed using a numeric rating scale, and lymphedema assessed using body composition analyzer. RESULTS A total of 83 women with breast cancer were randomly assigned to either the Guardix-SG® group or the control group. In the Guardix-SG® group (n = 37), Guardix-SG® was applied to the axillary region after ALND. In the control group (n = 46), ALND was performed without using Guardix-SG®. Comparing ROM for shoulder flexion before surgery (178.2°) and 12 months after surgery (172.3°), that was restored 12 months after surgery in the Guardix-SG® group, and there was no statistically significant difference between that at before surgery and 12 months after surgery (p = 0.182). No adverse effect was observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have shown that Guardix-SG® help improve shoulder ROM without causing adverse effects in patients who underwent breast cancer surgery. However, there was no statistically significant difference from the control group. A further large-scale study is needed to obtain a more conclusive conclusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRISKCT0003386; https://cris.nih.go.kr (20181207).
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Dynamic multivoxel-localized 31 P MRS during plantar flexion exercise with variable knee angle.
Niess, F, Fiedler, GB, Schmid, AI, Laistler, E, Frass-Kriegl, R, Wolzt, M, Moser, E, Meyerspeer, M
NMR in biomedicine. 2018;(6):e3905
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Abstract
Exercise studies investigating the metabolic response of calf muscles using 31 P MRS are usually performed with a single knee angle. However, during natural movement, the distribution of workload between the main contributors to force, gastrocnemius and soleus is influenced by the knee angle. Hence, it is of interest to measure the respective metabolic response of these muscles to exercise as a function of knee angle using localized spectroscopy. Time-resolved multivoxel 31 P MRS at 7 T was performed simultaneously in gastrocnemius medialis and soleus during rest, plantar flexion exercise and recovery in 12 healthy volunteers. This experiment was conducted with four different knee angles. PCr depletions correlated negatively with knee angle in gastrocnemius medialis, decreasing from 79±14 % (extended leg) to 35±23 %(∼40°), and positively in soleus, increasing from 20±21 % to 36±25 %; differences were significant. Linear correlations were found between knee angle and end-exercise PCr depletions in gastrocnemius medialis (R2 =0.8) and soleus (R2 =0.53). PCr recovery times and end-exercise pH changes that correlated with PCr depletion were consistent with the literature in gastrocnemius medialis and differences between knee angles were significant. These effects were less pronounced in soleus and not significant for comparable PCr depletions. Maximum oxidative capacity calculated for all knee angles was in excellent agreement with the literature and showed no significant changes between different knee angles. In conclusion, these findings confirm that plantar flexion exercise with a straight leg is a suitable paradigm, when data are acquired from gastrocnemius only (using either localized MRS or small surface coils), and that activation of soleus requires the knee to be flexed. The present study comprises a systematic investigation of the effects of the knee angle on metabolic parameters, measured with dynamic multivoxel 31 P MRS during muscle exercise and recovery, and the findings should be used in future study design.
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Acute effects of whole-body cryotherapy on sit-and-reach amplitude in women and men.
De Nardi, M, La Torre, A, Benis, R, Sarabon, N, Fonda, B
Cryobiology. 2015;(3):511-3
Abstract
Flexibility is an intrinsic property of body tissues, which among other factors determines the range of motion (ROM). A decrease in neural activation of the muscle has been linked with greater ROM. Cryotherapy is an effective technique to reduces neural activation. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate if a single session of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) affects ROM. 60 women and 60 men were divided into two groups (control and experimental). After the initial sit-and-reach test, experimental group performed a 150 s session of WBC, whereas the control group stayed in thermo-neutral environment. Immediately after, both groups performed another sit-and-reach test. A 3-way analysis of variance revealed statistically significant time×group and time × gender interaction. Experimental groups improved sit-and-reach amplitude to a greater extend than the control group. Our results support the hypothesis that ROM is increased immediately after a single session of WBC.
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Consumption of dried apple peel powder increases joint function and range of motion.
Jensen, GS, Attridge, VL, Benson, KF, Beaman, JL, Carter, SG, Ager, D
Journal of medicinal food. 2014;(11):1204-13
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Abstract
The goal for this study was to evaluate the effects of consumption of dried apple peel powder (DAPP) on joint function and range of motion (ROM). Additional in vitro and clinical testing was performed to suggest specific mechanisms of action. An open-label clinical pilot study involved 12 healthy people with moderate loss of joint ROM and associated chronic pain. The subjects consumed 4.25 g DAPP daily for 12 weeks, with evaluations at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. ROM was evaluated at each visit using dual digital inclinometry. Pain scores were collected using Visual Analogue Scales. Blood draws enabled testing of serum antioxidant protective capacity using the cellular antioxidant protection (CAP-e) bioassay. Additional in vitro testing involved testing of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase inhibition, cellular antioxidant protection by the CAP-e bioassay, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells by flow cytometry. Twelve weeks of consumption of DAPP was associated with improved ROM. DAPP provided antioxidants that were available to enter into and protect cells from oxidative damage in vitro, and consumption of DAPP for 12 weeks was associated with a statistically significant improvement in serum antioxidant protective status. DAPP inhibited both COX-2 and lipoxygenase enzymes, and pretreatment of inflammatory PMN cells with DAPP before inflammatory stimulus resulted in reduced ROS formation. This suggests multifaceted anti-inflammatory properties of DAPP. Consumption of DAPP was associated with improved joint function and improved serum antioxidant protection status. The observed pain reduction may be associated with the improved antioxidant status and linked to the apple polyphenols' anti-inflammatory effects.
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Improvement of joint range of motion (ROM) and reduction of chronic pain after consumption of an ergothioneine-containing nutritional supplement.
Benson, KF, Ager, DM, Landes, B, Aruoma, OI, Jensen, GS
Preventive medicine. 2012;:S83-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate anti-inflammatory properties of a nutraceutical blend containing L-ergothioneine in concert with other anti-inflammatory and analgesic ingredients, combined with nutritional cartilage support. METHODOLOGY Twelve human subjects were tested over a 6-week period of product consumption followed by a 6-week wash-out period, conducted at NIS Labs during late fall/early winter 2010. Range of motion (ROM) assessment of joint motility was performed using JTECH dual digital inclinometry and included flexion, extension, and rotation through the vertical weight-bearing column (neck, thorax, lumbar, hip, knees) and shoulders. Pain evaluation included questionnaires and Visual Analogues Scales regarding primary and secondary pain complaints at rest and at use. RESULTS ROM improvements were seen after 1 week, and further improved at 6 weeks (primary pain area P<0.2, secondary pain area P<0.03). Pain in primary and secondary areas at use was significantly reduced already at 1 week, compared to baseline (P<0.05). Pain reduction for both primary and secondary pain areas during use reached a high level of statistical significance at 6 weeks (P<0.004), and remained highly significant after the 6-week wash-out period. CONCLUSION Pain reduction and improved ROM were observed during the 6-week consumption. Residual effects were seen 6 weeks after stopping consumption of the ergothioneine supplement.
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No effect of menstrual cycle phase on fuel oxidation during exercise in rowers.
Vaiksaar, S, Jürimäe, J, Mäestu, J, Purge, P, Kalytka, S, Shakhlina, L, Jürimäe, T
European journal of applied physiology. 2011;(6):1027-34
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of menstrual cycle phase on substrate oxidation and lactate concentration during exercise. Eleven eumenorrheic female rowers (18.4 ± 1.9 years; 172.0 ± 4.0 cm; 67.2 ± 8.4 kg; 27.7 ± 4.8% body fat) completed 1 h rowing ergometer exercise at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)) during two different phases of the menstrual cycle: the follicular phase (FP) and the luteal phase (LP). Resting and exercise measurements of the whole body energy expenditure, oxygen consumption (VO(2)), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), substrate oxidation and lactate blood levels were made. Energy expenditure, VO(2) and heart rate during the 1-h exercise were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among menstrual cycle phases. Resting RER and RER during the entire 1 h exercise period were not significantly different among menstrual cycle phases. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in RER in the transition between rest and exercise and a further increase in RER occurred after the first 30 min of exercise at both menstrual cycle phases. Blood lactate concentrations significantly increased in the transition between rest and exercise and remained relatively constant during the whole 1 h of exercise in both menstrual cycle phases. No menstrual cycle phase effect (P > 0.05) was observed for blood lactate concentrations. In conclusion, our results demonstrated no effect of menstrual cycle phase on substrate oxidation and blood lactate concentration during rowing exercise at 70% of VO(2max) in athletes. Normally menstruating female rowers should not be concerned about their menstrual cycle phase with regard to substrate oxidation in everyday training.
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Effect of topical aerosol skin refrigerant (spray and stretch technique) on passive and active stretching.
Kostopoulos, D, Rizopoulos, K
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2008;(2):96-104
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the use of a vapocoolant blend of pentafluoropropane and tetrafluoroethane (Gebauer's Spray and Stretch) on hip flexion stretching. METHODS Thirty volunteers were randomly assigned to spray and stretch treatment and stretch only control groups. Each group was assessed pre- and posttest on passive and active hip flexion range of motion (ROM). RESULTS Findings indicated greater posttest hip flexion gains for the spray and stretch group over the stretch only group for both active and passive ROM. Additionally, females achieved greater pre- and posttest differences on active ROM compared to males. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that spray and stretch techniques can be an effective treatment in increasing hip flexion ROM.
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Muscle pain induces task-dependent changes in cervical agonist/antagonist activity.
Falla, D, Farina, D, Dahl, MK, Graven-Nielsen, T
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 2007;(2):601-9
Abstract
This study examined the effect of experimental neck muscle pain on the EMG-force relationship of cervical agonist and antagonist muscles. Surface EMG signals were detected from the sternomastoid, splenius capitis, and upper trapezius muscles bilaterally from 14 healthy subjects during cervical flexion and extension contractions of linearly increasing force from 0 to 60% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Measurements were performed before and after injection of 0.5 ml hypertonic and isotonic saline into either the sternomastoid or splenius capitis in two experimental sessions. EMG average rectified value (ARV) of the sternomastoid, splenius capitis, and upper trapezius muscles and the muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) of the sternomastoid muscle were estimated at 5% MVC force increments. During cervical flexion with injection of hypertonic saline in sternomastoid, ARV of sternomastoid was lower on the side of pain in the force range 25-60% MVC (P < 0.05) and was associated with a bilateral reduction of splenius capitis and upper trapezius ARV (P < 0.01). During cervical extension, injection of hypertonic saline in splenius capitis resulted in lower estimates of splenius capitis ARV on the painful side from 45 to 60% MVC (P < 0.05), which was associated with a bilateral increase in upper trapezius ARV estimates from 50 to 60% MVC (P < 0.001). However, no significant change was identified for estimates of sternomastoid ARV. Experimentally induced neck muscle pain resulted in task-dependent changes in cervical agonist/antagonist activity without modifications in muscle fiber CV.
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Electromyographic instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous mean power frequency patterns across a range of motion during a concentric isokinetic muscle action of the biceps brachii.
Beck, TW, Housh, TJ, Johnson, GO, Cramer, JT, Weir, JP, Coburn, JW, Malek, MH
Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 2006;(5):531-9
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the electromyographic (EMG) instantaneous amplitude (IA) and instantaneous mean power frequency (IMPF) patterns for the biceps brachii muscle across a range of motion during maximal and submaximal concentric isokinetic muscle actions of the forearm flexors. Ten adults (mean +/- SD age = 22.0 +/- 3.4 years) performed a maximal and a submaximal [20% peak torque (PT)] concentric isokinetic forearm flexion muscle action at a velocity of 30 degrees s(-1). The surface EMG signal was detected from the biceps brachii muscle with a bipolar electrode arrangement, and the EMG IA and IMPF versus time relationships were examined for each subject using first- and second-order polynomial regression models. The results indicated that there were no consistent patterns between subjects for EMG IA or IMPF with increases in torque across the range of motion. Some of the potential nonphysiological factors that could influence the amplitude and/or frequency contents of the surface EMG signal during a dynamic muscle action include movement of the muscle fibers and innervation zone beneath the skin surface, as well as changes in muscle fiber length and the thickness of the tissue layer between the muscle and the recording electrodes. These factors may affect the EMG IA and IMPF patterns differently for each subject, thereby increasing the difficulty of drawing any general conclusions regarding the motor control strategies that increase torque across a range of motion.
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Masticatory motion after surgical or nonsurgical treatment for unilateral fractures of the mandibular condylar process.
Throckmorton, GS, Ellis, E, Hayasaki, H
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2004;(2):127-38
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to compare mandibular motion during mastication in patients treated in either an open or a closed fashion for unilateral fractures of the mandibular condylar process. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-one male patients with unilateral condylar process fractures were treated either with (n = 37) or without (n = 44) surgical reduction and rigid fixation of their condylar process fractures. At 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment, the subjects' chewing cycles were recorded using a magnetic sensor array (Sirognathograph; Siemens Corp, Bensheim, Germany) while chewing Gummi-Bears (HARIBO, Bonn, Germany) unilaterally on the same side as the fracture and on the opposite side. The chewing cycles were analyzed using a custom computer program, and the duration, excursive ranges, and 3-dimensional cycle shape were compared between the 2 treatment groups at each time interval using multilevel linear modeling statistics. RESULTS The 2 treatment groups did not differ significantly for any measure of cycle duration or any excursive range (except lateral excursions at 1 year post-treatment) at any of the time intervals. However, the 3-dimensional cycle shapes of the 2 groups did differ significantly at all time intervals. CONCLUSION Surgical correction of unilateral condylar process fractures has relatively little effect on the more standard measures (duration and excursive ranges) of masticatory function. However, surgical correction better normalizes opening incisor pathways during mastication on the side opposite the fracture.