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1.
Effect of a Low Surface Tension Vehicle on the Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide and Triple Antibiotic Paste.
Deniz Sungur, D, Aksel, H, Purali, N
Journal of endodontics. 2017;(3):452-455
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate dentinal tubule penetration (DTP) of calcium hydroxide (CH) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) when performed with distilled water (DW) or a low surface tension liquid (ie, propylene glycol [PG]). METHODS Root apices of 40 single-rooted premolars were removed to obtain 14-mm roots in length. Root canals were enlarged to simulate immature teeth. After smear layer removal, the roots were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10) according to the root canal medicaments and the vehicles used: group 1:TAP + DW, group 2: TAP + PG, group 3: CH + DW, and group 4:CH + PG. Root canal medicaments were labeled with 0.1% rhodamine and applied into the canals using a Lentulo spiral. Specimens were molded into acrylic blocks, and 1-mm-thick sections were obtained from the middle third of each root. Specimens were mounted onto glass slides and scanned under a confocal laser scanning microscope. DTP depth, percentage, and area were measured using imaging software. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS No significant difference was found among the experimental groups in terms of both percentage and depth of DTP (P > .05). CH had a lower penetration area compared with TAP regardless of the vehicle used (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS A low surface tension vehicle did not alter the penetration of CH and TAP.
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2.
Thermocompaction decreases long-term push-out bond strength of methacrylate-based sealers.
Hoppe, CB, Scarparo, RK, Böttcher, DE, Leitune, VC, Collares, FM, Samuel, SM, Grecca, FS
Acta odontologica Scandinavica. 2015;(4):292-7
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term bond strengths to root dentin of Epiphany/Resilon and AH Plus/gutta-percha fillings, after using either lateral condensation or Tagger's hybrid thermomechanical compaction techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty human single-rooted teeth were used. The root canals were prepared by means of hand crown-down technique up to a #45 K-file and irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite was performed. Samples were randomly divided into eight (n=10) experimental groups divided according to filling material (gutta-percha/AH Plus and Resilon/Epiphany), obturation technique (Lateral compaction and Tagger's hybrid thermomechanical compaction) and storage time (24 h and 6 months). During storage, the samples were kept at 37°C and 100% humidity. After the two experimental periods, each root was sectioned perpendicular to its long axis into three serial slices and push-out tests were carried out using a universal testing machine. Statistical significant differences were set by ANOVA and Tuckey post-hoc (p<0.05). RESULTS Using thermocompaction technique, the samples filled with Epiphany/Resilon decreased significantly the bond strength after a 6 months storage-period (p<0.05) and the ones filled with AH Plus/gutta-percha presented a tendency to lower values of the push-out test, although not statistically significant. For both materials, dentin bond strength of the specimens filled by means of lateral condensation remained stable throughout the experimental periods. CONCLUSION Under the limitations of the current study, it can be concluded that the thermocompaction technique and the storage time can influence push-out bond strength when used with methacrylate-based sealers.
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3.
Comparison of bond strength of self-etch adhesive to pulp chamber dentin after placement of calcium hydroxide and various antibiotic pastes.
Arslan, H, Akcay, M, Çakir, M, Gok, A, Yasa, B, Dalli, M
Acta odontologica Scandinavica. 2015;(3):226-31
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide, double antibiotic paste (DAP) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) with minocycline, cefaclor and amoxicillin on the micro tensile bond strength (µTBS) of self-etch adhesive to pulp chamber dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty mandibular first molars were cut horizontally and randomly divided into a control group and five experimental groups, which received an intra-canal dressing, as follows: calcium hydroxide, DAP, TAP with minocycline, TAP with cefaclor and TAP with amoxicillin. After storing the specimens for 4 weeks, the medicaments were removed by irrigation with 10 mL each of the following solution: 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and distilled water. A self-etch adhesive (Clearfil S3 Bond, Okayama, Japan) was applied and composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Posterior, Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan) was placed into the cavity. A µTBS test was performed on each specimen using a universal test machine. RESULTS The DAP reduced the µTBS of self-etch adhesive compared to the control group, calcium hydroxide and TAP with minocycline and with cefaclor (p < 0.05). However, the other medicaments did not result in a decreased µTBS of self-etch adhesive to pulp chamber dentin as compared to the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of DAP resulted in a reduced µTBS of self-etch adhesive to pulp chamber dentin.
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4.
Alternative Aging Solutions to Accelerate Resin-Dentin Bond Degradation.
Reis, A, Martins, GC, de Paula, EA, Sanchez, AD, Loguercio, AD
The journal of adhesive dentistry. 2015;(4):321-8
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the effect of aging solutions on the durability of resin-dentin bonds by means of microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS The adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions to the flattened occlusal surface of 40 extracted human molars. After bonding, teeth were sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm2 area) which were tested in tension immediately or after different storage periods (1 week, 1 month, or 6 months). Bonded sticks were kept immersed in 5 different solutions: 1) distilled water (DW); 2) 99.9% propionic acid (PA); 3) 99% acetic acid (AA); 4) 75% ethanol (ET), and 5) mineral oil (MO). To determine NL, bonded sticks from each experimental condition were immersed in silver nitrate and analyzed by SEM. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS Faster degradation of bond strength (1 week) could be seen for AA and ET (p<0.05) in comparison with DW. Specimens stored in PA and DW showed bond strengths significantly reduced after one and six months, respectively (p<0.05). No degradation of the resin-dentin bond strengths was observed for specimens stored in MO (p>0.05). Nanoleakage increased for all groups except MO after storage. CONCLUSION Propionic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol can be used as alternative aging solutions to more quickly obtain results on the bond resistance to degradation.
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5.
Bonding Performance of a Multimode Adhesive to Artificially-induced Caries-affected Primary Dentin.
Lenzi, TL, Raggio, DP, Soares, FZ, Rocha, Rde O
The journal of adhesive dentistry. 2015;(2):125-31
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the bonding of a new universal adhesive applied using different etching strategies on sound and caries-affected dentin of primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flat dentin surfaces from 50 primary molars were randomly assigned to 10 groups according to substrate (sound dentin [SD] vs caries-affected dentin [CAD] pH cycled for 14 days) and bonding approach (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive: self-etching, vs dry or wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies; Adper Single Bond Plus [two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive] and Clearfil SE Bond [two-step self-etching system] as controls). After 24 h of water storage, bonded sticks with cross-sectional areas of 0.8 mm2 were tested for microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Two sticks from each tooth were immersed in silver nitrate solution in order to evaluate nanoleakage (NL) with SEM. The μTBS means were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. For NL, the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used (α = 0.05). RESULTS The influence of the etching strategy on the bonding performance of the universal adhesive was substrate dependent. The self-etching approach resulted in lower μTBS values and higher silver nitrate uptake into hybrid layers for Scotchbond Universal Adhesive on SD, while no difference among experimental groups was observed in CAD. CONCLUSION It is preferable to use the universal adhesive following either a dry- or wet-bonding etch-and-rinse approach on both sound and caries-affected primary dentin.
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6.
Effect of calcium hydroxide and double and triple antibiotic pastes on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealer to root canal dentin.
Akcay, M, Arslan, H, Topcuoglu, HS, Tuncay, O
Journal of endodontics. 2014;(10):1663-7
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium hydroxide (CH) and triple (TAP) and double (DAP) antibiotic pastes on the bond strength of an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus Jet; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) to the root canal dentin. METHODS Sixty-four single-rooted human mandibular premolars were decoronated and prepared using the rotary system to size 40. The specimens were randomly divided into a control group (without intracanal dressing) and 3 experimental groups that received an intracanal dressing with either CH, DAP, or TAP (n = 16). The intracanal dressing was removed by rinsing with 10 mL 17% EDTA followed by 10 mL 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The root canals were then obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus Jet sealer. A push-out test was used to measure the bond strength between the root canal dentin and the sealer. The data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests to detect the effect of the independent variables (intracanal medicaments and root canal thirds) and their interactions on the push-out bond strength of the root canal filling material to the root dentin (P = .05). RESULTS The push-out bond strength values were significantly affected by the intracanal medicaments (P < .001) but not by the root canal thirds (P > .05). In the middle and apical third, the bond strength of the TAP group was higher than those of the CH and DAP groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The DAP and CH did not affect the bond strength of the epoxy resin-based sealer. Additionally, the TAP improved the bond strength of the epoxy resin-based sealer in the middle and apical thirds.
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7.
Effect of dentin powder on the antimicrobial properties of hyperpure chlorine-dioxide and its comparison to conventional endodontic disinfecting agents.
Herczegh, A, Gyurkovics, M, Ghidan, Á, Megyesi, M, Lohinai, Z
Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica. 2014;(2):209-20
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously we found that the high purity chlorine-dioxide(ClO2) has a very potent disinfectant efficacy on oral pathogenic microorganisms and as a root canal irrigant it is able to eliminate the experimental Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) infection from the root canal system. This study examines whether the presence of dentin powder influences the antibacterial efficacy of ClO 2. METHODS In an in vitro dentin powder model the following irrigants were tested against planktonic E. faecalis: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 0.12%ClO2 (Solumium) and one local root canal medicament: saturated Ca(OH)2. Survival of bacteria exposed to agents without and with human dentin powder or preincubated with dentin powder was investigated. The effect of the dentin powder on ClO2 concentration was investigated by titrations. RESULTS Without dentin powder ClO 2 killed all E. faecalis and delivered the best result already after 1 minute; however, after longer contact time with dentin the difference between the disinfectants disappeared. The presence of dentin powder decreased the concentration of ClO 2 and attenuated the antibacterial efficiency of ClO2 and Ca(OH)2, but did not decrease of CHX and NaOCl.Preincubation with dentin powder caused significant loss of antibacterial activity of all investigated agents, ClO2 and Ca(OH)2 having the highest reduction. CONCLUSION As the presence of dentin powder had a negative effect on the efficacy of disinfectants, the importance of elimination of dentin scrapings and smear layer from the root canal system during endodontic treatments is highly recommended. ClO 2 can be effective for a final rinse.
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8.
The effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration technique on the dislocation resistance of mineral trioxide aggregate to root canal dentin.
Topçuoğlu, HS, Arslan, H, Akçay, M, Saygili, G, Çakici, F, Topçuoğlu, G
Journal of endodontics. 2014;(12):2041-4
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) and antibiotic pastes, including a mixture of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin, with and without minocycline or cefaclor, on the dislocation resistance of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to root dentin. METHODS Eighty single-rooted human mandibular premolars were selected. The teeth were prepared by using the ProTaper system. The prepared teeth were then instrumented to a #6 Peeso reamer to obtain a standard internal diameter of 1.5 mm. The reamers were passed 1 mm beyond apex to simulate immature teeth. The specimens were then randomly divided into a control group (no intracanal medicament was used) and 4 experimental groups that were treated with an intracanal medicament: CH, double antibiotic paste (DAP) with metronidazole and ciprofloxacin, triple antibiotic paste (TAP) with minocycline, or TAP with cefaclor (n = 16). After 3 weeks, the medicaments were removed, and approximately 3 mm of MTA was placed in the coronal third of the canals. A push-out test was used to measure the dislocation resistance between the root dentin and MTA. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. RESULTS The dislocation resistance values of the CH, TAP with minocycline, and TAP with cefaclor groups were similar to those of the control group (P > .05), whereas the DAP group had the lowest dislocation resistance when compared with the other groups (P < .05). Overall, there was a predominance of cohesive failures between root dentin and MTA. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the application of DAP as an intracanal medicament reduced the dislocation resistance of MTA to root dentin.
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9.
Bond durability of self-adhesive composite cements to dentine.
Suyama, Y, de Munck, J, Cardoso, MV, Yamada, T, Van Meerbeek, B
Journal of dentistry. 2013;(10):908-17
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinically, the most easy-to-use composite cements are the so-called self-adhesive composite cements (SAC's). Hardly any data is however today available on the long-term bonding effectiveness of such luting composites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond durability of different composite cements used to lute feldspathic ceramic blocks onto dentine. METHODS Four SAC's (Clearfil SA Cement, Kuraray; G-CEM, GC; SmartCem2, Dentsply; Unicem 3M ESPE), one 'self-etch' (Clearfil Esthetic Cement, Kuraray) and one 'etch-and-rinse' (Variolink ll, Ivoclar-Vivadent) multi-step composite cement were used to lute feldspathic ceramic blocks (Vita Mark II, Vita) onto dentine surfaces. Teeth were distributed randomly in 24 experimental groups according to two different surface-preparation techniques ('SMEAR-COVERED' versus 'SMEAR-FREE') and storage conditions ('IMMEDIATE' versus 'AGED'). Failure patterns were evaluated with a stereomicroscope, and afterwards imaged using Feg-SEM. Two additional specimens were processed for cement-dentine interfacial analysis using TEM. RESULTS A linear mixed effects statistical model revealed significant differences for the variables 'composite cement', 'surface preparation' and 'ageing'. All self-adhesive composite cements, except Unicem (3M ESPE), did bond less favourably to fractured dentine. TEM revealed an ultra-structurally different interaction of the composite cements with 'SMEAR-COVERED' and 'SMEAR-FREE' dentine. CONCLUSION All SAC's suffered most when luted to 'SMEAR-FREE' (fractured) dentine, fortunately of no clinical relevance and most likely due to enhanced water sorption through the open tubules. When luted to 'SMEAR-COVERED' dentine, all SACs appeared equally effective and durable as the 'etch-and-rinse' and 'self-etch' multi-step composite cements. Solely the SAC SmartCem2 (Dentsply) appeared clearly less favourable and consistent.
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10.
Effect of postoperative peroxide bleaching on the stability of composite to enamel and dentin bonds.
Dudek, M, Roubickova, A, Comba, L, Housova, D, Bradna, P
Operative dentistry. 2013;(4):394-407
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of peroxide bleaching gel on the durability of the adhesive bond between composite material, enamel, and dentin created with the etch-and-rinse adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond (GLU) and with the self-etch adhesives Clearfil SE Bond (CLE), Adper Prompt (ADP), and iBond (IBO). The adhesives were applied to flattened enamel and dentin of extracted human molars and built up with a microhybrid composite (Charisma). After 25 eight-hour cycles of bleaching with a 20% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel (Opalescence PF 20), the shear bond strength was measured and compared with one-day and two-month control specimens stored in water. The data were analyzed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistics (p<0.05). Detailed fractographic analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The bleaching gel significantly decreased the bond strength on both enamel and dentin for the simplified single-step self-etch adhesives ADP and IBO and markedly affected a fracture pattern of ADP specimens at the periphery of their bonded area. The results of our study indicate that the durability of adhesive restorations can be detrimentally influenced by carbamide peroxide bleaching and that different adhesives show varying sensitivity levels to the bleaching gel.