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1.
The effect of multi-ion releasing filler contents on the dentin bond strength of an adhesive resin developed for direct pulp-capping.
Kawashima, S, Shinkai, K, Suzuki, M
Dental materials journal. 2015;(6):841-6
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Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of experimentally developed all-in-one adhesives containing surface reaction-type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler as a direct pulp-capping agent. Flattened dentin surfaces of extracted human molars were treated with four experimental adhesives of different S-PRG filler content (group 1: 0 wt%, group 2: 13 wt%, group 3: 27 wt% and group 4: 40 wt%) and Fluorobond Shakeone as the control. The beam samples were made and attached to the testing device, placed onto the tabletop-material-tester, and subjected to µTBS test. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results demonstrated that the µTBS value of group 2 was significantly lower than that of the control. No other significant differences among the µTBS values of groups and control were observed. It was concluded that the µTBS values of the experimental adhesives were not affected by the S-PRG filler contents except in group 2.
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Comparison of bond strength of self-etch adhesive to pulp chamber dentin after placement of calcium hydroxide and various antibiotic pastes.
Arslan, H, Akcay, M, Çakir, M, Gok, A, Yasa, B, Dalli, M
Acta odontologica Scandinavica. 2015;(3):226-31
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide, double antibiotic paste (DAP) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) with minocycline, cefaclor and amoxicillin on the micro tensile bond strength (µTBS) of self-etch adhesive to pulp chamber dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty mandibular first molars were cut horizontally and randomly divided into a control group and five experimental groups, which received an intra-canal dressing, as follows: calcium hydroxide, DAP, TAP with minocycline, TAP with cefaclor and TAP with amoxicillin. After storing the specimens for 4 weeks, the medicaments were removed by irrigation with 10 mL each of the following solution: 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and distilled water. A self-etch adhesive (Clearfil S3 Bond, Okayama, Japan) was applied and composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Posterior, Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan) was placed into the cavity. A µTBS test was performed on each specimen using a universal test machine. RESULTS The DAP reduced the µTBS of self-etch adhesive compared to the control group, calcium hydroxide and TAP with minocycline and with cefaclor (p < 0.05). However, the other medicaments did not result in a decreased µTBS of self-etch adhesive to pulp chamber dentin as compared to the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of DAP resulted in a reduced µTBS of self-etch adhesive to pulp chamber dentin.
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Effect of thermocycling and water storage on bond longevity of two self-etch adhesives.
Khoroushi, M, Rafiei, E
General dentistry. 2013;(3):39-44
Abstract
Despite recent improvements in adhesive systems and their bond strength to enamel and dentin, the resin-tooth interface appears to be the weakest part of tooth-colored restorations; in addition, there are concerns regarding bond durability of self-etch adhesives (SEAs). This in vitro study investigated the bond durability of 2 such adhesives following thermocycling and water storage. Forty-eight intact human third molars were sectioned mesiodistally and mounted in acrylic resin so that buccal and lingual surfaces were positioned horizontally. All enamel and dentin surfaces were ground flat and polished on silicon carbide papers. Samples were separated into 2 groups (n = 24). A 1-step SEA was applied to one group, while a 2-step SEA was applied to the other, according to manufacturers' instructions. Half of the specimens in each group underwent shear bond strength (SBS) testing after 24 hours of incubation, while the other half were tested after 3000 thermal cycles and 6 months of water incubation. SBS data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA, 1-way ANOVA, and a post hoc Tukey test at a significance level of 0.05. Under the limitations of the present study, the 2-step SEA demonstrated higher baselines and aged bond strength to dental tissues compared to the 1-step SEA; in addition, the enamel bond strength of the 2-step SEA improved after aging.
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Monomer-to-polymer conversion and micro-tensile bond strength to dentine of experimental and commercial adhesives containing diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide or a camphorquinone/amine photo-initiator system.
Miletic, V, Pongprueksa, P, De Munck, J, Brooks, NR, Van Meerbeek, B
Journal of dentistry. 2013;(10):918-26
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the degree of conversion (DC) of adhesives initiated by diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) or a camphorquinone/tertiary amine system (CQ/Amine) as well as their 'immediate' micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to bur-cut dentine. METHODS DC of Scotchbond Universal ('SBU'; 3M ESPE), its experimental counterpart containing TPO as photo-initiator system, an experimental G-aenial Bond ('Ga-B'; GC) adhesive formulation, and an experimental LUB-102 adhesive formulation ('LUB', Kuraray Noritake), containing as photo-initiatior system either 2wt% CQ along with 2wt% tertiary amine ('SBU_CQ/Amine'; 'Ga-B_CQ/Amine'; 'LUB_CQ/Amine'), or 2wt% TPO ('SBU_TPO'; 'Ga-B_TPO'; 'LUB_TPO'), was determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), after being cured with a dual-wavelength light-curing unit (bluephase 20i, Ivoclar Vivadent). The same adhesive formulations were applied to bur-cut mid-coronal dentine of intact human molars, and subjected to a μTBS test after 1-week water storage. Besides being applied following a self-etch (SE) application mode, the adhesive formulations SBU_CQ/Amine and SBU_TPO were also applied following an etch-and-rinse (E&R) mode, this both for DS and μTBS measurement. RESULTS No significant difference in DC was found for any of the adhesive formulations, except for SBU_CQ/Amine_SE and SBU_TPO_SE. For both SBU formulations, a significantly higher DC was reached for the E&R than the SE approach. Regarding μTBS, no significant differences were recorded, except for the significantly higher μTBS measured for SBU_CQ/Amine_E&R and SBU_TPO_E&R. CONCLUSIONS In self-etch adhesives, the photo-initiator TPO may be used instead of CQ/Amine. The curing and 'immediate' bonding efficiency depended on the application protocol (E&R versus SE), but not on the photo-initiator system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The photo-initiator TPO may be used in self-etch adhesives instead of CQ/Amine with similar curing and 'immediate' bonding efficiency.
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Improved long-term bonding performance of an experimental all-in-one adhesive.
Kakuda, S, Fu, J, Nakaoki, Y, Ikeda, T, Tanaka, T, Sano, H
Dental materials journal. 2013;(4):600-7
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the performance of an experimental all-in-one adhesive. The adhesive, named MTB-200 (Kuraray Medical), contained components to enhance both bond strength and hydrophobicity. The performance of the adhesive was compared with that of CLEARFIL TRI-S BOND (Kuraray Medical) and BeautiBond (SHOFU) using micro-tensile bond strength test and ultramicroscopic observations. The study revealed that the new adhesive had the highest tensile strength value among the three adhesives over time, although transmission electron microscopic images showed the phenomenon of filler de-bonding in the adhesive resin layer. In spite of modification in the experimental adhesive, the adhesive was suspected to degrade bond performance. However, revision of the composition of adhesives would be one of the solutions to enhance durability of interface.
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Immediate bonding properties of universal adhesives to dentine.
Muñoz, MA, Luque, I, Hass, V, Reis, A, Loguercio, AD, Bombarda, NH
Journal of dentistry. 2013;(5):404-11
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the dentine microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL), degree of conversion (DC) within the hybrid layer for etch-and-rinse and self-etch strategies of universal simplified adhesive systems. METHODS forty caries free extracted third molars were divided into 8 groups for μTBS (n=5), according to the adhesive and etching strategy: Clearfil SE Bond [CSE] and Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], as controls; Peak Universal Adhesive System, self-etch [PkSe] and etch-and-rinse [PkEr]; Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, self-etch [ScSe] and etch-and-rinse [ScEr]; All Bond Universal, self-etch [AlSe] and etch-and-rinse [AlEr]. After restorations were constructed, specimens were stored in water (37°C/24h) and then resin-dentine sticks were prepared (0.8mm(2)). The sticks were tested under tension at 0.5mm/min. Some sticks from each tooth group were used for DC determination by micro-Raman spectroscopy or nanoleakage evaluation (NL). The pH for each solution was evaluated using a pH metre. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS For μTBS, only PkSe and PkEr were similar to the respective control groups (p>0.05). AlSe showed the lowest μTBS mean (p<0.05). For NL, ScEr, ScSe, AlSe, and AlEr showed the lowest NL similar to control groups (p<0.05). For DC, only ScSe showed lower DC than the other materials (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Performance of universal adhesives was shown to be material-dependent. The results indicate that this new category of universal adhesives used on dentine as either etch-and-rinse or self-etch strategies were inferior as regards at least one of the properties evaluated (μTBS, NL and DC) in comparison with the control adhesives (CSE for self-etch and SB for etch-and-rinse).
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Effect of three different contamination removal methods on bond strength of a self-etching adhesive to dentin contaminated with an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent.
Ajami, AA, Kahnamoii, MA, Kimyai, S, Oskoee, SS, Pournaghi-Azar, F, Bahari, M, Firouzmandi, M
The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2013;(1):26-33
Abstract
AIM: This study evaluated the effect of three different contamination removal methods on bond strength of one-step self-etching adhesive to dentin contaminated with an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred noncarious adult molars were used in this study; 2-mm-thick dentin disks were prepared and randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 20). Group I: control; group II: hemostatic agent-contaminated; group III: hemostatic agent-contaminated and rinsing with water; group IV: hemostatic agent-contaminated and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) application; and group V: hemostatic agent-contaminated and phosphoric acid application. Clearfil S3 Bond was used to bond composite to dentin surfaces. Subsequent to adding composite cylinders the shear bond strength test was performed. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Two additional specimens from each group were prepared and evaluated under scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in bond strength among the groups (p < 0.001). In two-by-two comparisons statistically significant differences were observed in bond strength values between all the groups (p < 0.001) except for groups I and IV (p = 0.933). CONCLUSION Aluminum chloride hemostatic agent adversely affected the bond strength of self-etch adhesive to dentin. However, application of EDTA increased the bond strength to the level of normal dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE EDTA and phosphoric acid removed aluminum chloride hemostatic agent contamination of dentin surfaces. However, unlike EDTA phosphoric acid failed to increase the bond strength of self-etch adhesive to dentin to the level of the control group.
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Evaluation of effect of different cavity disinfectants on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin using two-step self-etch and one-step self-etch bonding systems: a comparative in vitro study.
Reddy, MS, Mahesh, MC, Bhandary, S, Pramod, J, Shetty, A, Prashanth, MB
The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2013;(2):275-80
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 3% hydrogen peroxide on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin using two-step and onestep self-etch bonding systems and to study the mode of failure of specimens under stereomicroscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty extracted sound human posterior teeth were used. The occlusal surfaces were ground to expose the dentin and were then randomly divided into 4 main groups. In group I, no cavity disinfectant was used and served as control. In groups II, III, IV, 2% chlorhexidine, 2% sodium hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide were used as cavity disinfectants respectively. Each group was then divided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each according to the bonding agent used, two-step self-etch (Adper SE Plus) and one-step self-etch (Adper Easy One) respectively. A transparent cylindrical plastic tube was loaded with microhybrid composite and placed over the dentin and light cured for 40 seconds. The specimens were subjected to shear stress in the universal testing machine. RESULTS Pretreatment with 2% chlorhexidine, 2% sodium hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide, had a negative effect on the shear bond strength of self-etching bonding systems. CONCLUSION The highest bond strength was found in 2% chlorhexidine group followed by 2% sodium hypochlorite group and the lowest bond strength was found in 3% hydrogen peroxide group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE All three cavity disinfectants used in this study reduced the shear bond strength and hence should be used with caution.
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Effect of waiting interval on chemical activation mode of dual-cure one-step self-etching adhesives on bonding to root canal dentin.
Thitthaweerat, S, Nakajima, M, Foxton, RM, Tagami, J
Journal of dentistry. 2012;(12):1109-18
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of waiting interval on the chemical activation of dual-cure one-step self-etching adhesives before placing resin core materials on the regional bond strength to root canal dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight post spaces prepared in human lower premolars were applied with four dual-cure one-step self-etching adhesives Estelite Core Quick: ECB/ECQ, Clearfil DC Core Automix: CDB/CDC, Unifil Core EM: UNB/UNC, BeautiCore: BTB/BTC as the manufacturers' instructions. These adhesives were cured with light activation for 10 s, or chemical activation with 0, 10, and 30 s waiting intervals prior to placing resin core material. Resin core materials were then placed into the post space and light-cured for 60 s. After 24h water storage, each specimen was serially sliced into 8, 0.6 mm × 0.6 mm thick beams for the μTBS test. The regional μTBS data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Dunnett's T3 test (p < 0.05). RESULTS For the chemical activation with 10 and 30 s waiting intervals, ECB and CDB exhibited significantly improved μTBS, whereas for UNB and BTB, the μTBS were not significantly different but increased with waiting interval. On the other hand, light-activation of all the adhesives produced significantly higher μTBS to root canal dentin than chemical activation (p < 0.05), except for the UNB group. CONCLUSIONS For the chemical activation of dual-cure one-step self-etching adhesives, a waiting interval prior to placing resin core material improved μTBS to root canal dentin. Polymerising the adhesives before polymerisation reaction of resin core material would be effective for bonding to root canal dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For chemical activation mode as well as light activation mode, pre-curing of adhesive layer before proceeding polymerisation of resin filling material would produce higher bonding performance to dentin in the cavity.
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Chlorhexidine does not increase immediate bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive to caries-affected dentin of primary and permanent teeth.
Lenzi, TL, Tedesco, TK, Soares, FZ, Loguercio, AD, Rocha, Rde O
Brazilian dental journal. 2012;(4):438-42
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on immediate bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive to sound (SD) and caries-affected (CAD) primary dentin compared with permanent dentin. Flat dentin surfaces from 20 primary molars (Pri) and 20 permanent molars (Perm) were assigned to 8 experimental groups (n=5) according to tooth type (Pri or Perm), dentin condition (SD or CAD - pH-cycling for 14 days) and treatment (control - C or 60 s application of 2% CHX solution after acid etching - CHX). The bonding system (Adper Single Bond 2) was applied according to manufacturer's instructions followed by resin composite application (Filtek Z250). After 24 h water storage, specimens with cross-section area of 0.8 mm² were prepared for being tested under microtensile test (1 mm/min). Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). Failure mode was evaluated using a stereomicroscope at ×400. Treatment with CHX did not result in higher bond strength values than no pre-treatment (C groups), independently of tooth type. Primary teeth and caries-affected dentin showed significantly lower (p<0.05) bond strength means compared with permanent teeth and sound dentin, respectively. Predominance of adhesive/mixed failure was observed for all groups. CHX did not influence the immediate bond strength to sound or caries-affected dentin of primary and permanent teeth.