-
1.
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Bioavailability in Humans after Oral Intake of DHA-Containing Triacylglycerol or the Structured Phospholipid AceDoPC®.
Hachem, M, Nacir, H, Picq, M, Belkouch, M, Bernoud-Hubac, N, Windust, A, Meiller, L, Sauvinet, V, Feugier, N, Lambert-Porcheron, S, et al
Nutrients. 2020;(1)
Abstract
AceDoPC® is a structured glycerophospholipid that targets the brain with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and is neuroprotective in the experimental ischemic stroke. AceDoPC® is a stabilized form of the physiological 2-DHA-LysoPC with an acetyl group at the sn1 position; preventing the migration of DHA from the sn2 to sn1 position. In this study we aimed to know the bioavailability of 13C-labeled DHA after oral intake of a single dose of 13C-AceDoPC®, in comparison with 13C-DHA in triglycerides (TAG), using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) to assess the 13C enrichment of DHA-containing lipids. 13C-DHA enrichment in plasma phospholipids was significantly higher after intake of AceDoPC® compared with TAG-DHA, peaking after 24 h in both cases. In red cells, 13C-DHA enrichment in choline phospholipids was comparable from both sources of DHA, with a maximum after 72 h, whereas the 13C-DHA enrichment in ethanolamine phospholipids was higher from AceDoPC® compared to TAG-DHA, and continued to increase after 144 h. Overall, our study indicates that DHA from AceDoPC® is more efficient than from TAG-DHA for a sustained accumulation in red cell ethanolamine phospholipids, which has been associated with increased brain accretion.
-
2.
Change of plasmalogen content of red blood cells in myocardial hypoxia and acidosis.
Osipenko, AN
Acta cardiologica. 2018;(1):61-68
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of hypoxic conditions to the chemical composition of membranes is not completely established. Plasmalogens, containing an alkenyl group with aldehydogenic ether linkage, are significant components of membrane lipids and their level can change in oxygen deficiency. METHODS Analysis of plasmalogens in red blood cells was performed in patients (n = 17) with coronary heart disease, stable angina (functional class II-III) and coronary atherosclerosis. The control group consisted of 17 healthy volunteers. In addition, isolated blood samples of seven healthy volunteers were analysed before and after 180 min incubation at 37 °C. Fatty acid ethyl esters and diethyl acetals of fatty aldehydes, obtained during sample preparation from red blood cells, were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Quantitative assessment of the change of the plasmalogen levels was evaluated as change of the share of fatty aldehyde diethyl acetals in the total sum of fatty aldehyde diethyl acetals and fatty acid ethyl esters. RESULTS In comparison with the healthy volunteers, an increase in plasmalogen content of red blood cells and a reduction of the pH of the blood plasma in the group of patients with coronary heart disease were detected. In experimental hypoxia, there was an increase in the plasmalogen content of the red blood cells and a plasma pH decrease in all samples subjected to the incubation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate changes in the physicochemical properties of the cell membrane in hypoxia. One of the most likely reasons of the increase of plasmalogen content in the membranes may be a more significant increase in activity of calcium-dependent phospholipases in comparison with the activity of calcium-independent plasmalogen phospholipases.
-
3.
Comparing the impact of an acute exercise bout on plasma amino acid composition, intraerythrocytic Ca(2+) handling, and red cell function in athletes and untrained subjects.
Makhro, A, Haider, T, Wang, J, Bogdanov, N, Steffen, P, Wagner, C, Meyer, T, Gassmann, M, Hecksteden, A, Kaestner, L, et al
Cell calcium. 2016;(4):235-44
Abstract
The N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediating Ca(2+) uptake upon stimulation with glutamate and glycine were recently discovered in red blood cells (RBC) of healthy humans. Activation of these receptors with agonists triggered transient Ca(2+)-dependent decrease in hemoglobin oxygen affinity in RBC suspension. The aim of this study was to assess the potential physiological relevance of this phenomenon. Two groups formed by either healthy untrained volunteers or endurance athletes were subjected to a stepwise incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Plasma glutamate levels, activity of the NMDARs, and hemoglobin O2 affinity were measured in blood samples obtained before and after the exercise in both groups. Increase in plasma glutamate levels following exercise was observed in both groups. Transient Ca(2+) accumulation in response to the NMDAR stimulation with NMDA and glycine was followed by facilitated Ca(2+) extrusion from the RBC and compensatory decrease in cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. Short-term activation of the receptors triggered a transient decrease in O2 affinity of hemoglobin in both groups. These exercise-induced responses were more pronounced in athletes compared to the untrained subjects. Athletes were initially presented with lower basal intracellular Ca(2+) levels and hemoglobin oxygen affinity compared to non-trained controls. High basal plasma glutamate levels were associated with induction of hemolysis and formation of echinocytes upon stimulation with the receptor agonists. These findings suggest that glutamate release occurring during exhaustive exercise bouts may acutely facilitate O2 liberation from hemoglobin and improve oxygen delivery to the exercising muscle.
-
4.
Neither folic acid supplementation nor pregnancy affects the distribution of folate forms in the red blood cells of women.
Hartman, BA, Fazili, Z, Pfeiffer, CM, O'Connor, DL
The Journal of nutrition. 2014;(9):1364-9
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
It is not known whether folate metabolism is altered during pregnancy to support increased DNA and RNA biosynthesis. By using a state-of-the-art LC tandem mass spectrometry technique, the aim of this study was to investigate differences in RBC folate forms between pregnant and nonpregnant women and between nonpregnant women consuming different concentrations of supplemental folic acid. Forms of folate in RBCs were used to explore potential shifts in folate metabolism during early erythropoiesis. Total RBC folate and folate forms [tetrahydrofolate; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-THF); 4α-hydroxy-5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (an oxidation product of 5-methyl-THF); 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate; and 5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate] were measured in 4 groups of women (n = 26): pregnant women (PW) (30-36 wk of gestation) consuming 1 mg/d of folic acid, and nonpregnant women consuming 0 mg/d (NPW-0), 1 mg/d (NPW-1), and 5 mg/d (NPW-5) folic acid. The mean ± SD RBC folate concentration of the NPW-0 group (890 ± 530 nmol/L) was lower than the NPW-1 (1660 ± 350 nmol/L) and NPW-5 (1980 ± 570 nmol/L) groups as assessed by microbiologic assay (n = 26, P < 0.0022). No difference was found between the NPW-1 and NPW-5 groups. We detected 5-methyl-THF [limit of detection (LOD) = 0.06 nmol/L] in all groups and tetrahydrofolate (LOD = 0.2 nmol/L) in most women regardless of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype. Most women consuming folic acid supplements had detectable concentrations of 5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate (LOD = 0.31 nmol/L). However, there was no difference in the relative distribution of 5-methyl-THF (83-84%), sum of non-methyl folates (0.6-3%), or individual non-methyl folate forms in RBCs across groups. We conclude that although folic acid supplementation in nonpregnant women increases RBC total folate and the concentration of individual folate forms, it does not alter the relative distribution of folate forms. Similarly, distribution of RBC folate forms did not differ between pregnant and nonpregnant women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01741077.
-
5.
The direction of the difference between Canadian and American erythrocyte folate concentrations is dependent on the assay method employed: a comparison of the Canadian Health Measures Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Colapinto, CK, Tremblay, MS, Aufreiter, S, Bushnik, T, Pfeiffer, CM, O'Connor, DL
The British journal of nutrition. 2014;(11):1873-81
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Fortification of select grain products with folic acid and periconceptional supplementation recommendations in Canada and the USA have improved folate status, and have been associated with a reduced risk of neural tube defects. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a comparison of erythrocyte folate concentrations from the 2007-9 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the 2007-8 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Erythrocyte folate concentration was assessed in participants aged 6-79 years (CHMS, n 5248; NHANES, n 7070). To account for different folate assays employed - Immulite 2000 immunoassay (CHMS) and microbiological assay (NHANES) - a conversion equation was generated (n 152 adults) to adjust the CHMS data. t Tests were used to examine country differences. Median Canadian erythrocyte folate concentrations (method-adjusted) were lower than those of Americans (988 and 1100 nmol/l, respectively), but unadjusted median Canadian erythrocyte folate concentrations were higher (1250 nmol/l). The upper 95% CI boundary of the method-adjusted Canadian erythrocyte folate distribution overlapped that of the American erythrocyte folate concentrations, while the lower 95% CI boundary of the method-adjusted Canadian erythrocyte folate data was below the American distribution. In summary, the fact that erythrocyte folate concentrations were either higher or lower in Canadians compared with Americans, depending on whether an adjustment was made to account for assay differences, suggests that caution must be exercised in evaluating erythrocyte folate data from different countries because analytical methods are not readily comparable. Furthermore, we cannot unequivocally conclude that there are true differences in erythrocyte folate concentrations between the Canadian and American populations in the post-fortification era.
-
6.
A short-term n-3 DPA supplementation study in humans.
Miller, E, Kaur, G, Larsen, A, Loh, SP, Linderborg, K, Weisinger, HS, Turchini, GM, Cameron-Smith, D, Sinclair, AJ
European journal of nutrition. 2013;(3):895-904
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the detailed knowledge of the absorption and incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into plasma lipids and red blood cells (RBC) in humans, very little is known about docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3). The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake and incorporation of pure DPA and EPA into human plasma and RBC lipids. METHODS Ten female participants received 8 g of pure DPA or pure EPA in randomized crossover double-blinded manner over a 7-day period. The placebo treatment was olive oil. Blood samples were collected at days zero, four and seven, following which the plasma and RBC were separated and used for the analysis of fatty acids. RESULTS Supplementation with DPA significantly increased the proportions of DPA in the plasma phospholipids (PL) (by twofold) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions (by 2.3-fold, day 4). DPA supplementation also significantly increased the proportions of EPA in TAG (by 3.1-fold, day 4) and cholesterol ester (CE) fractions (by 2.0-fold, day 7) and of DHA in TAG fraction (by 3.1-fold, day 4). DPA proportions in RBC PL did not change following supplementation. Supplementation with EPA significantly increased the proportion of EPA in the plasma CE and PL fractions, (both by 2.7-fold, day 4 and day 7) and in the RBC PL (by 1.9-fold, day 4 and day 7). EPA supplementation did not alter the proportions of DPA or DHA in any lipid fraction. These results showed that within day 4 of supplementation, DPA and EPA demonstrated different and specific incorporation patterns. CONCLUSION The results of this short-term study suggest that DPA may act as a reservoir of the major long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) in humans.
-
7.
[Studies of red blood cells biochemistry and erythropoiesis intensity in humans during the 520-day isolation study].
Ivanova, SM, Mokurov, BV, Iarlykova, IuV, Labetskaia, OI
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine. 2012;(6):19-23
Abstract
Erythrocyte metabolism and erythropoiesis intensity were investigated in the humans subjects (6 males, 25 to 37 yrs. of age) volunteered for experimental simulation of such factors in a mission to Mars as very long duration (520-d) of isolation and confinement, autonomy, delayed communication, emergencies, and limited consumable resources. Venous blood and extracted erythrocytes were analyzed in the baseline data collection period (2 wks. before the experiment), on days 60, 120, 170, 240, 300, 360, 417 and 510 of the experiment and on days 7-8 after its completion. Erythrocyte metabolic and plasmatic membrane parameters were measured. Blood serum was analyzed for iron turnover; erythropoiesis intensity was evaluated by the erythropoietin level. According to the results of the investigation, there were phase-type shifts in the parameters throughout the experiment that were particularly significant on days 60 and 120. Inhibition of energy-production and enhancement of reparative processes in the cell could be tokens of compensatory reactions aimed to control oxidation processes and to raise antioxidation efficiency of the cell. The phase-type changes in membrane lipids and phospholipids point to increased microviscosity of the plasmatic membrane at the beginning and then end of the experiment. Hemoglobin content in blood and erythrocytes showed a significant increase on day-510 of isolation and in the ensuing recovery period. Data about iron turnover and erythropoietin level evidence an adequate bone marrow response to the changed hemoglobin content in blood.
-
8.
Steady state folate concentrations achieved with 5 compared with 1.1 mg folic acid supplementation among women of childbearing age.
Nguyen, P, Tam, C, O'Connor, DL, Kapur, B, Koren, G
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2009;(3):844-52
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic folic acid (0.4-1.0 mg) consumed during the periconceptional period has been shown to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Women with poor supplement adherence or a previous pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect may need to take higher doses of folic acid (4-5 mg). However, there are limited data on the pharmacokinetics of higher folic acid doses. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare steady state folate concentrations in women of childbearing age who took 5 or 1.1 mg folic acid daily for 30 wk. DESIGN Forty nonpregnant women aged between 18 and 45 y, who did not take folic acid supplements, were enrolled in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to take either 5 or 1.1 mg folic acid daily for 30 wk. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations were measured at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 6, 12, and 30. RESULTS There was no significant difference in baseline RBC folate concentrations between the 2 groups (1121 +/- 410 and 1035 +/- 273 nmol/L for the 5- and 1.1-mg folic acid groups, respectively). Significant differences in RBC folate were detected between groups at weeks 4, 6, 12, and 30. RBC folate concentrations by week 30 were 2339 +/- 782 and 1625 +/- 339 nmol/L for the 5- and 1.1-mg folic acid groups, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of 5 mg folic acid among women of childbearing age produced higher blood folate concentrations, with a faster rate of folate accumulation, compared with 1.1 mg folic acid.
-
9.
Does insulin resistance correlate with routine blood examination? A review on erythrocytes of obese patients.
Asdie, RH, Sa'adah, , Jazakillah, S, Sinorita, H
Acta medica Indonesiana. 2009;(2):66-9
Abstract
AIM: To identify whether hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance affects the hematologic parameter of routine blood, especially the erythrocytes. METHODS Cross sectional study was conducted on seventy one non-smoking obese patients who were not pregnant, not having lactating period, aged >22 years of age and visited the outpatient clinic of Endocrinology and outpatient clinic of Kidney and Hypertension division at the department of Internal Medicine Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Patients with cerebrovascular and blood disease; taking drugs affecting blood e.g.: cytostatics, and erythropoietin; and patients taking insulin, beta blocker, or steroids were excluded. Data on age, gender, body weight, and body height were recorded. Examinations on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and routine blood were performed in the condition of ten hours of fasting. All laboratory examination was conducted at Prodia Laboratory, Yogyakarta. RESULTS Of seventy one obese patients, 51.5% were male, and 9.1% were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) during the study and the mean age was 47.09+5.74 years, the mean body mass index was 28.07+4.07 kg/m(2), the mean of hemoglobin level was 13.75+1.57 g%; the mean of leukocyte count was 7.86+1.19 103/mm(3); erythrocytes count was 4.93+0.44 106/mm(3); platelet count 300.28+80.57 103/mm(3); and hematocrite count 41.23+4.28. There were very weak and statistically insignificant negative correlation between Log HOMA IR and erythrocytes (r= -0.048; p=0.693) CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that insulin resistance has a very weak correlation with erythrocytes counts and it is statistically insignificant.
-
10.
Antioxidant status of South Indian patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a role of intra operative magnesium supplementation.
Kurian, GA, Phil, M, Paddikkala, J
International journal of cardiology. 2008;(1):139-41
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of magnesium on the level and progression of oxidative stress in the erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane, during heart surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass. A clinical trial (n=52) was conducted and we took five blood samples at different times during the cardiac surgery. The level of lipid per-oxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. The results revealed an increase in oxidative stress after CPB in erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane. However, the extensive treatment of the patients with magnesium influences the cellular response to ischemia and thus induces cardio-protection against oxidative stress.