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Probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Wang, F, Feng, J, Chen, P, Liu, X, Ma, M, Zhou, R, Chang, Y, Liu, J, Li, J, Zhao, Q
Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology. 2017;(4):466-475
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several probiotics were effective in the eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori (Hp), but their comparative efficacy was unknown. AIM: To compare the efficacy of different probiotics when supplemented in Hp eradication therapy. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all relevant studies in multiple databases and previous meta-analyses. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to combine direct and indirect evidence and estimate the relative effects. RESULTS One hundred and forty studies (44 English and 96 Chinese) were identified with a total of 20,215 patients, and more than 10 probiotic strategies were supplemented in Hp eradication therapy. The rates of eradication and adverse events were 84.1 and 14.4% in probiotic group, while 70.5 and 30.1% in the control group. In general, supplementary probiotics were effective in improving the efficacy of Hp eradication and decreasing the incidence of adverse events, despite of few ineffective subtypes. In triple eradication therapy, there was no significant difference among the effective probiotics, and combined probiotics did not show a better efficacy and tolerance than single use. In triple therapy of 7 days and 14 days, Lactobacillus acidopilus was a slightly better choice, while Saccharomyces boulardii was more applicable for 10-day triple therapy. CONCLUSIONS Compared to placebo, most probiotic strategies were effective when supplemented in Hp eradication therapy. In triple eradication therapy, no probiotic showed a superior efficacy to the others. Compared to single use, combined probiotics could not improve the efficacy or tolerance significantly.
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Vonoprazan-Based Regimen Is More Useful than PPI-Based One as a First-Line Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Maruyama, M, Tanaka, N, Kubota, D, Miyajima, M, Kimura, T, Tokutake, K, Imai, R, Fujisawa, T, Mori, H, Matsuda, Y, et al
Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology. 2017;:4385161
Abstract
Background. A new agent, potassium-competitive acid blocker vonoprazan (VPZ) has potent acid-inhibitory effects and may offer advantages over conventional H. pylori eradication therapies. We aimed to compare the eradication rate between VPZ-based treatment and PPI-based one. Methods. This randomized controlled trial was designed to assign 141 patients with H. pylori-positive gastritis to VPZ group (VPZ 20 mg, amoxicillin 750 mg, and clarithromycin 200 or 400 mg twice daily for 7 days) or PPI group (rabeprazole 20 mg or lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 750 mg, and clarithromycin 200 or 400 mg twice daily for 7 days). Primary endpoints were eradication rates and adverse events. Results. Seventy of 72 patients in VPZ group and 63 of 69 patients in PPI group completed the treatment after 7 days. The eradication rate was significantly higher in VPZ group than PPI group by intention-to-treat analysis (95.8% versus 69.6%, P = 0.00003, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88.3-99.1% versus 57.3-80.1%) and per-protocol analysis (95.7% versus 71.4%, P = 0.0002, 95% CI 88.0-99.1% versus 58.7-82.1%). The incidence of adverse events was not different between the groups (26.3% in VPZ group versus 37.7% in PPI group, P = 0.15). Conclusion. VPZ-based regimen is more useful than that PPI-based regimen as a first-line H. pylori eradication therapy.
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Variation in number of cagA EPIYA-C phosphorylation motifs between cultured Helicobacter pylori and biopsy strain DNA.
Karlsson, A, Ryberg, A, Nosouhi Dehnoei, M, Borch, K, Monstein, HJ
Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases. 2012;(1):175-9
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Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori cagA gene encodes a cytotoxin which is activated by phosphorylation after entering the host epithelial cell. Phosphorylation occurs on specific tyrosine residues within EPIYA motifs in the variable 3'-region. Four different cagA EPIYA motifs have been defined according to the surrounding amino acid sequence; EPIYA-A, -B, -C and -D. Commonly, EPIYA-A and -B are followed by one or more EPIYA-C or -D motif. Due to observed discrepancies in cagA genotypes in cultured H. pylori and the corresponding DNA extracts it has been suggested that genotyping assays preferentially should be performed directly on DNA isolated from biopsy specimens. Gastric biopsies randomly selected from a Swedish cohort were homogenised and used for both direct DNA isolation and for H. pylori specific culturing and subsequent DNA isolation. In 123 of 153 biopsy specimens, the cagA EPIYA genotypes were in agreement with the corresponding cultured H. pylori strains. A higher proportion of mixed cagA EPIYA genotypes were found in the remaining 30 biopsy specimens. Cloning and sequencing of selected cagA EPIYA amplicons revealed variations in number of cagA EPIYA-C motifs in the mixed amplicons. The study demonstrates that culturing of H. pylori introduces a bias in the number of EPIYA-C motif. Consistent with other H. pylori virulence genotyping studies, we suggest that cagA EPIYA analysis should be performed using total DNA isolated from biopsy specimens.
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[Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer].
Ramírez Ramos, A, Sánchez Sánchez, R
Revista de gastroenterologia del Peru : organo oficial de la Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru. 2008;(3):258-66
Abstract
Since its discovery and identification in gastric tissue by Marshall and Warren in 1983, our knowledge about the effects of Helicobacter pylori infection has grown considerably. Its role in the multifactorial pathology of peptic ulcer disease (gastrodudodenal ulcer disease), gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT lymphoma is now widely accepted while its involvement in extraintestinal disease is still controversial.The correlation between the colonization of the stomach by H. pylori and gastric lymphoma has been demonstrated in multiple studies. Between 65 and 80% of distal gastric adenocarcinomas are attributed to H. pylori infection. However, gastric carcinogenesis cannot be explained by H. pylori infection alone. Among those individuals infected by this bacteria, only a small percentage (2-5%) ever develops gastric cancer, the majority exhibit benign lesions. There is a wide individual variation in the outcome of this infection in patients. This individual and population specific variation is due to the intricate relationship between genetics, the environment, bacterial virulence, diet, and socio-economic status and it explains the multiple outcomes of this infection. In this article, we conduct a review of the widely accepted theories regarding gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori, the correlations and enigmas between them, the reported geographical variations, and the various proposed hypotheses on the carcinogenic mechanism of Helicobacter pylori.
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Effect of lactoferrin supplementation on the effectiveness and tolerability of a 7-day quadruple therapy after failure of a first attempt to cure Helicobacter pylori infection.
Tursi, A, Elisei, W, Brandimarte, G, Giorgetti, GM, Modeo, ME, Aiello, F
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2007;(4):CR187-90
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 35% of H. pylori-positive patients remain infected after a first eradication attempt. Lactoferrin, a natural anti-bacterial glycoprotein, seems a promising tool in treating H. pylori infection, but it has never been used in second-line treatment. MATERIAL/METHODS A prospective, randomized study was conducted on 70 consecutive patients with persistent H. pylori infection after failure of the first standard treatment schedule. All patients were randomly treated with ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC, 400 mg b.d.), esomeprazole (40 mg/day), amoxycillin (1 g t.d), and tinidazole (500 mg b.d.) without (group A) or with (group B) supplementation of bovine lactoferrin (200 mg b.d). One month after conclusion of therapy, endoscopy was performed in those patients for whom the examination was clinically relevant. The remaining patients were checked by 13C-urea breath test. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients were fully compliant and completed the study (33, i.e. 94.28%, in group A and 34, 97.14%, in group B). One group A patient (2.85%) was excluded for protocol violation and one group B patient (2.85%) was lost to follow-up. H. pylori eradication was obtained in 31/33 (on intention-to-treat: 88.57%, 95%CI: 87-99%) group A patients and in 33/34 (on intention-to-treat: 94.28%, 95%CI: 86-100%) group B patients (p=ns). 16/68 patients (23.53%) experienced side effects (29.41% in group A and 17.64% in group B, p= 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lactoferrin supplementation was found effective in reducing side-effect incidence. Moreover, it seems capable of achieving a slight (and not statistically significant) improvement in eradicating H. pylori when used in second-line treatment.
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Quadruple therapy for initial eradication of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer: comparison with triple therapy.
Pai, CG, Thomas, CP, Biswas, A, Rao, S, Ramnarayan, K
Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology. 2003;(3):85-7
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quadruple therapy appears to be more effective than standard triple therapy in the management of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection who harbor drug-resistant organisms. No data are available on the relative efficacies of triple and quadruple drug regimens from India. METHODS Consecutive patients with peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection were randomized to receive lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily along with either amoxycillin (500 mg four times daily) and clarithromycin (500 mg twice a day) (Group A), or tri-potassium dicitrato bismuthate (120 mg four times daily), metronidazole (400 mg thrice daily) and tetracycline (500 mg 4 times daily) (Group B) for 10 days. Presence of H. pylori infection was looked for using an in-house urease test and histology before starting treatment, and 30 days after completion of treatment. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 35 patients in Group A and 24 of 33 in Group B had eradication of infection (82.8% and 72.7% by intention-to-treat analysis, and 87.9% and 85.7% by per protocol analysis, respectively; p = ns). Side-effects occurred in 4 (12%) and 5 (18%) patients in Groups A and B, respectively (p = ns); discontinuation of drugs was required in two patients in group B. CONCLUSIONS Quadruple therapy for initial treatment of H. pylori infection does not offer any advantage over standard triple therapy in Indian patients.