1.
Effects of an intensive short-term diet and exercise intervention: comparison between normal-weight and obese children.
Roberts, CK, Izadpanah, A, Angadi, SS, Barnard, RJ
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 2013;(5):R552-7
Abstract
Lifestyle intervention programs currently emphasize weight loss secondary to obesity as the primary determinant of phenotypic changes. We examined whether the effects of a short-term lifestyle intervention program differ in normal-weight versus overweight/obese children. Nineteen overweight/obese (O; BMI = 33.6 ± 1.9 kg/m(2)) and 14 normal-weight (N; BMI = 19.9 ± 1.5 kg/m(2)) children participated in a 2-wk program consisting of an ad libitum high-fiber, low-fat diet and daily exercise (2-2.5 h). Fasting serum samples were taken pre- and postintervention for determination of lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines. Only the O group lost weight (3.9%) but remained overweight/obese (32.3 ± 1.9 kg/m(2)). Both groups exhibited significant intervention-induced decreases (P < 0.05) in serum insulin (N: 52.5% vs. O: 28.1%; between groups, P = 0.38), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (N: 53.1% vs. O: 28.4%, P = 0.43), leptin (N: 69.3% vs. O: 44.1%, P = 0.10), amylin (N: 28.7% vs. O: 26.1%, P = 0.80), resistin (N: 40.0% vs. O: 35.1%, P = 0.99), plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 (N: 30.8% vs. O: 25.6%, P = 0.59), IL-6 (N: 58.8% vs. O: 48.5%, P = 0.78), IL-8 (N: 46.0% vs. O: 42.2%, P = 0.49), and TNFα (N: 45.8% vs. O: 40.8%, P = 0.99). No associations between indices of weight change and phenotypic changes were noted. A short-term, intensive lifestyle modification program is effective in ameliorating metabolic risk factors in N and O children. These results suggest that obesity per se was not the primary driver of the phenotypes noted and that dietary intake and physical inactivity induce the phenotypic abnormalities. These data may have implications for the weight loss-independent management of cardiometabolic risk in pediatric populations.
2.
Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on inflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in overweight/obese men with cardiovascular risk factors.
Roberts, CK, Ng, C, Hama, S, Eliseo, AJ, Barnard, RJ
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 2006;(6):1727-32
Abstract
There is significant debate regarding high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high-fiber, low-fat diets. The present study was designed to examine the effects of lifestyle modification on the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in obese men (n = 22) with metabolic syndrome factors. Subjects were placed on a high-fiber, low-fat diet in a 3-wk residential program where food was provided ad libitum and daily aerobic exercise was performed. Fasting blood was drawn pre- and postintervention for serum lipids, lipid hydroperoxides, and the ability of subject HDL to alter low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced monocyte chemotactic activity (MCA) in a human artery wall coculture. Induction of MCA by control LDL in the absence of HDL was normalized to 1.0. Values >1.0 after HDL addition indicated proinflammatory HDL; values <1.0 indicated anti-inflammatory HDL. In addition, proteins involved in regulating HDL function, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), paraoxonase 1 and 3, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase were measured. After 3 wk, decreases in total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, and lipid hydroperoxides (all P < 0.05) were noted. The HDL inflammatory index decreased (P < 0.05) from pro- (1.14 +/- 0.11) to anti-inflammatory (0.94 +/- 0.09). ApoA-I level and paraoxonase activity did not change; however, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity increased (P < 0.05). Despite a quantitative reduction in HDL-C, HDL converted from pro- to anti-inflammatory. These data indicate that intensive lifestyle modification improves the function of HDL even in the face of reduced levels, suggesting increased turnover of proinflammatory HDL.
3.
[Biologically active food additives for correction of the chronic fatigue syndrome].
Dotsenko, VA, Mosiĭchuk, LV, Paramonov, AE
Voprosy pitaniia. 2004;(2):17-21
Abstract
The syndrome of chronic fatigue is a rather new pathology, included in ADS 10. There is no specific treatment. Vitamins and microelements are very important for the prevention and treatment of CFS. Of special significance are BAA on the basis of yarsts, which are universal in their biological chemical composition and contain high amounts of vitamins B, K and essential aminoacids. The aim this work is clinical diagnostic of "Nagipol" use, made on the basis of beer yeasts, for the prevention and treatment of CFS. Clinical-dietologic study showed that "Nagipol" biologically active additive, useful in CFS, prodvecins clinical status improvement in CFS, positively influencing cognitive CNS functions, symptoms of psychoemtional instability, normalizing blood biochemical parameters, can be recommended as one of the addition element in diet-therapy of patients with excessive body mass and otesitg with the associated CFS. Recommended "Nagipol" as preventive-medical dietetic means for this pathology.