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[Effect of melatonin on activity of superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in erythrocytes of patients during short- and long-term hypokinesis].
Mrowicka, M, Garncarek, P, Miller, E, Kedziora, J, Smigielski, J, Malinowska, K, Mrowicki, J
Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960). 2010;(1):3-9
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short- or long-lasting hypokinesis is to a large degree the consequence of negative habits of human beings towards a comfortable and more sedentary lifestyle. The period of decreased physical activity can cause disturbance in the balance between systemic processes of the oxidation and reduction, which leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress generation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of melatonin administration on the cellular superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) activity in red blood cells of patients with short- and long-term hypokinesis as compared to the group of subjects with normal physical activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 33 subjects with immobilization. The study group was divided into two subgroups (depending on hypokinesis duration): group A: 15 subjects classified for total hip alloplasty (a short-lasting decrease in physical activity); group B: 18 subjects suffering from multiple sclerosis or the stroke of brain (the long-term hypokinesis). The control group (group C) comprised 17 subjects with normal physical activity. Melatonin was applied at a dose of 5 mg daily, one hour before sleep. The CuZn-SOD activity in red blood cells was determined, according to the Misra and Fridovich method, in two periods: 1) on the first day, 2) on the 10th day (group A), and 30 days (group B) after melatonin administration. RESULTS A slight increase in CuZn-SOD activity (+3.1%) was observed in group A 10 days after alloplasty and melatonin administration as compared to group B, where a considerable rise in the enzyme activity (+23.3%) was found 30 days after rehabilitation and melatonin supplementation. The average CuZn-SOD activity in both investigative groups was lower than that in the controls (group C). CONCLUSIONS It was estimated that the short- and long-lasting hypokinesis leads to an increase in ROS generation, what is confirmed by the increase in CuZn-SOD activity. The results of the study on superoxide dismutase activity indicate that oral administration of melatonin for the period of 30 days has a more favorable influence on antioxidative processes than 10-day's melatonin intake.
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[Influence of complex compounds on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract].
Malinowska, K, Modranka, R, Kubiak, K, Klimczak, A, Mrowicka, M, Mrowicki, J
Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 2009;(158):97-100
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chemotherapy is an important field of clinical medicine and pharmacology Chemotherapy is the main method of treating the neoplasm. It involves treating the neoplastic disease with the use of natural or synthetic anticancer drugs commonly known as the cytostatics. The cancer therapy involving the cytostatics is a difficult and not always effective process, which requires taking into consideration the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and the dosage schemas. The complexity of the chemotherapy is influenced by: still incomplete knowledge of causes of neoplasm formation, slight biological differences between the cancer cells and the regular cells, very small selectivity of cytostatics' action, narrow therapeutic index of the anticancer drugs, high toxicity for healthy cells and unsatisfactory anticancer activity. The aim of the study was to obtain the complex compounds of copper (II), and especially of dinitrate (V) di (3,4, 5-trimethyl-N1-pyrazol-kappaN2) copper (II), and its subsequent testing for pro- and antioxidative activity in people suffering from neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract (colorectal and gastric carcinoma). Material and methods. The activity of catalase was determined in erythrocytes patients suffering from colorectal and gastric carcinoma and in control group (hernia, chronic gastric ulcer disease and haemorrhoids) using the method of Beers and Sizer at 240 nm on the Beckman spectrophotometer. RESULTS The results of the test on catalase in patients suffering from colorectal and gastric carcinoma indicate that the addition to the blood of the complex compound of Cu(II) significantly influences the activity of the enzyme in comparison with the control group in which the substance tested was not used. In the tests a marked statistical difference was observed between the studied and the control group. CONCLUSION The results reveal that chemical compounds, that is, dinitrate (V) di (3,4,5-trimethyl-N1-pyrazol-kappaN2) copper (II), has a significant influence on the activity of catalase, the antioxidant enzyme.
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Effects of garlic consumption on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in elderly subjects.
Avci, A, Atli, T, Ergüder, IB, Varli, M, Devrim, E, Aras, S, Durak, I
Gerontology. 2008;(3):173-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidative stress theory of aging is one of the most widely acknowledged theories of aging. The intake of fruits and vegetables with antioxidant power is associated with a reduced incidence of many chronic diseases of aging. OBJECTIVE The effects of ingesting garlic on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters of elderly subjects were investigated in this study. METHODS 13 subjects (mean age 70.69 +/- 4.23) participated in the study. They ingested garlic at the daily dose of 0.1 g/kg b.w. for 1 month. Before and after this period, fasting blood samples were obtained, and oxidant [malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO)] and antioxidant [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)] parameters were studied in erythrocytes, and MDA levels were studied in plasma samples obtained from the subjects. Routine blood biochemical parameters were also measured in blood samples. RESULTS In the plasma fraction and erythrocyte hemolysate, MDA levels were found to be significantly lower, but erythrocyte GSH-Px and SOD activities were significantly higher in the second samples relative to the first ones. XO activity was found to be lower in the second samples, but this decrease was not statistically meaningful. LDL cholesterol was found to be significantly lower in the second samples relative to the first ones. CONCLUSION Our results show that ingestion of garlic leads to significantly lowered plasma and erythrocyte MDA levels and to increased activities of some antioxidant enzymes, which indicates that consumption of garlic decreases oxidation reactions. It is quite possible that reduced peroxidation processes due to garlic consumption may play a part in some of the beneficial effects of garlic in elderly subjects.
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Does glucose in dialysis fluid protect erythrocytes in patients with chronic renal failure?
Dolegowska, B, Stepniewska, J, Ciechanowski, K, Safranow, K, Millo, B, Bober, J, Chlubek, D
Blood purification. 2007;(5-6):422-9
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the multifaceted influence of glucose present in dialyzing fluid on erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing regular hemodialysis. METHODS A group of 44 subjects with CRF undergoing regular hemodialysis was studied. Two tests were used: osmotic fragility and resistance to the hemolytic agent saponin. The total content of isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha type III (8-iPF2alpha-III) in plasma and erythrocyte's membrane were determined by the ELISA method. RESULTS The presence of glucose in the dialysate is associated with lower intravascular hemolysis markers and high total 8-iPF2alpha-III concentrations in plasma. CONCLUSION The presence of glucose in dialyzing fluid could protect erythrocytes. It limits hemolysis in patients with CRF, but, on the other hand, increases the oxidative processes. This kind of treatment along with other therapeutic intervention such as administration of antioxidants (e.g. alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine) could improve the condition of erythrocytes and outcome in CRF.
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Ascorbyl palmitate enhances iron bioavailability in iron-fortified bread.
Pizarro, F, Olivares, M, Hertrampf, E, Nuñez, S, Tapia, M, Cori, H, Lopez de Romana, D
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;(4):830-4
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Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the strategies to control iron deficiency anemia is the fortification of food with iron. A mechanism for improving the bioavailability of iron is to add an iron absorption promoter. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the effect of ascorbyl palmitate (AP) on the bioavailability of iron in fortified bread made from refined wheat flour. DESIGN The iron bioavailability of wheat flour fortified with either ferrous sulfate alone or ferrous sulfate plus AP was studied with the use of double radio iron (55Fe and 59Fe) erythrocyte incorporation in 14 women. RESULTS Geometric mean (+/- range of 1 SD) iron absorption from the bread fortified with ferrous sulfate was 10.5% (4.1-27.0%). The addition of AP at molar ratios of AP to Fe of 2:1 and 4:1 significantly increased iron absorption [14.6% (5.9-36.1%) and 20.2% (10.6-38.6%), respectively; P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION AP is a strong promoter of iron absorption from fortified bread because of its thermoresistant properties.
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Oxidative state in platelets and erythrocytes in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Kawamoto, EM, Munhoz, CD, Glezer, I, Bahia, VS, Caramelli, P, Nitrini, R, Gorjão, R, Curi, R, Scavone, C, Marcourakis, T
Neurobiology of aging. 2005;(6):857-64
Abstract
Several studies have shown involvement of peroxynitrite anion, a potent oxidative agent, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Herein, we assessed in platelets and erythrocytes of AD patients, age-matched and young adults controls: thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) production; superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and Na,K-ATPase activities; cyclic GMP (cGMP) content, both basal and after sodium nitroprusside (SNP) stimulation. Aging was associated with an increase in TBARS production and NOS activity, a decrease in basal cGMP content and no change in SOD and Na,K-ATPase activities. AD patients, compared to aged controls, have: increase in TBARS production and in NOS, SOD and Na,K-ATPase activities but no alteration in basal cGMP content. SNP increased cGMP platelets production in all groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated in platelets and erythrocytes a disruption in systemic modulation of oxidative stress in aging and with more intensity in AD.
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Effect of antioxidant vitamin treatment on the time course of hematological and hemorheological alterations after an exhausting exercise episode in human subjects.
Senturk, UK, Yalcin, O, Gunduz, F, Kuru, O, Meiselman, HJ, Baskurt, OK
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 2005;(4):1272-9
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a 2-mo antioxidant vitamin treatment on acute hematological and hemorheological alterations induced by exhausting exercise; both sedentary and trained individuals were employed. Eighteen young male, human subjects (9 sedentary, 9 trained by regular exercise) participated in the study and performed an initial maximal aerobic cycle ergometer exercise with frequent blood sampling over a 24-h period and analysis of hematological and hemorheological parameters. All subjects were treated with an antioxidant vitamin A, C, and E regimen, supplemented orally for 2 mo, and then subjected to a second exercise test and blood sampling at the end of this period. In the sedentary group during the first testing period (before vitamin treatment), white blood cell counts and granulocyte percentages were increased at 2 h after the exercise test and remained elevated for 4-12 h. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation were also altered by exercise in the sedentary group before vitamin treatment. However, none of these parameters in the sedentary group were altered by exercise after the 2-mo period of antioxidant vitamin treatment. With the exception of a transient rise in granulocyte percentage, these parameters were also not affected in the trained subjects before the vitamin treatment. Significant increases of RBC lipid peroxidation observed 12 h after the exercise test in both sedentary and trained subjects were also totally prevented by vitamin treatment. Our results indicate that antioxidant vitamin treatment is effective in preventing the inflammation-like response and coincident adverse hemorheological changes after an episode of exhausting exercise, and suggest that such changes may be related to exercise-induced death events.
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The impact of different intensities of regular donor plasmapheresis on humoral and cellular immunity, red cell and iron metabolism, and cardiovascular risk markers.
Tran-Mi, B, Storch, H, Seidel, K, Schulzki, T, Haubelt, H, Anders, C, Nagel, D, Siegler, KE, Vogt, A, Seiler, D, et al
Vox sanguinis. 2004;(3):189-97
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Major studies are still lacking on the impact of differing intensities of long-term donor plasmapheresis, not only on total serum protein, albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG), but also on humoral and cellular immunity, red cell and iron metabolism, and biochemical cardiovascular risk markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of donors, comprising 483 individuals undergoing differing intensities of long-term serial plasmapheresis, were entered into a cross-sectional study. A fourth control group consisted of 100 non-donors. In addition to measuring total protein, albumin and IgG levels, we determined parameters of humoral and cellular immunity, red cell and iron metabolism and recognized biochemical cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS The median annual net amount of plasma donated by the three donor groups was 37, 16 and 10 l, respectively (P < 0.0001). Donors had significantly lower total serum protein, albumin and IgG levels than non-donors (P < 0.0001), but the intensity of plasmapheresis had no influence on those parameters. Like non-donors, all plasma donors had normal humoral and cellular immunity. No increased rates of iron store depletion were observed in the three groups of plasma donors. Plasma donors were not at increased cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS Regular donor plasmapheresis of up to 45 l of plasma per year appears to be as safe as more moderate plasmapheresis programmes, with respect to the parameters analysed in this study. Individuals donating under these conditions did not develop impaired humoral and cellular immunity, iron store depletion, or increased cardiovascular risk with regard to established biochemical risk markers. Prospective studies are required to determine more exactly than in retrospective analyses the reasons why donors withdraw from plasmapheresis programmes.
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Clinical significance of optimal red cell mass and plasma volume estimation methods.
Todorović-Tirnanić, MV, Pavlović, SV, Obradović, VB, Elezović, IV, Marisavljević, DZ, Miljić, PS, Milosević, RA, Bogdanović, AD, Bosnjaković, VB
Nuclear medicine review. Central & Eastern Europe. 2004;(1):31-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to present and compare the results of proposed methods for optimal red cell mass and plasma volume (RCM&PV) estimation, and their influence on the interpretation of obtained results. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 120/280 patients with polycythaemia rubra vera, subjected to RCM&PV determination with autologous erythrocytes in vitro labelled with 51Cr-sodium chromate, optimal volumes were determined using: 1. traditional ml/kg of: --the real body weight method (ml/kg RBW); --the optimal body weight method (ml/kg OBW). 2. the body weight, height, and sex based method (Retzlaff's tables), 3. the method recommended by the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH), based on body surface area. RESULTS Different interpretation of the same results of 120 RCM&PV measurements was registered in 48/120 patients (40%). The greatest disagreement existed between ml/kg RBW and ml/kg OBW methods (in 39/120 subjects, 32.5%). In underweight patients the ml/kg RBW method, and in overweight patients the ml/kg OBW method, offered better agreement with ICSH&Retzlaff's methods. The ml/kg RBW method disagreed with ICSH&Retzlaff's methods and ml/kg OBW in 25% and 19.2% of patients respectively. ICSH and Retzlaff's methods disagreed in 10/120 patients (8.3%). The ICSH method yielded significantly lower optimal volumes than Retzlaff's. CONCLUSION Three methods for optimal RCM&PV estimation lead to different interpretations of the same results of RCM&PV measurements with 51Cr-erythrocytes in 40% of patients. Two ml/kg body weight methods show greater disagreement in comparison with ICSH and Retzlaff's methods, which differ significantly. The ICSH method yields lower optimal values compared to Retzlaff's.
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Capecitabine treatment results in increased mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells in patients with advanced solid malignancies.
Wenzel, C, Mader, RM, Steger, GG, Pluschnig, U, Kornek, GV, Scheithauer, W, Locker, GJ
Anti-cancer drugs. 2003;(2):119-23
Abstract
Capecitabine is a novel fluoropyrimidine carbamate which is selectively activated after oral administration to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by a sequential triple enzyme pathway in liver and tumor cells. The cytotoxic activity of the metabolized 5-FU depends on thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition, leading to defective DNA synthesis. Capecitabine has shown promising activity in all tumor types sensitive to 5-FU and is therefore investigated in many clinical trials. Since we observed an increase of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of red blood cells under therapy with capecitabine, the current investigation aimed to quantitate this effect and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A total of 154 patients suffering from advanced cancer received capecitabine (2500 mg/m2/day for 14 days every 21 days) either as monotherapy, or in combination with other antineoplastic agents or biological response modifiers. During 3 consecutive cycles of therapy a complete blood cell count including the red cell indices MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was performed before each application of capecitabine. In addition, vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine were determined to define their role in increasing MCV. Restaging was performed after 9 weeks. Within 9 weeks, a statistically significant increase of MCV (without other hematologic abnormalities or clinical symptoms) could be observed (p<0.0001). Vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine levels did not change significantly during the observation period. When comparing the different increases of MCV during 9 weeks (deltaMCV) with respect to tumor response, deltaMCV tended to higher values in patients with tumor remission or stable disease than in patients with tumor progression. We conclude that serum levels within the normal range rule out severe deficiencies of vitamin B12, folic acid or homocysteine as an account of macrocytemia. We therefore hypothesize that an increased MCV (without concomitant anemia) in patients receiving capecitabine might be due to the 5-FU-induced TS inhibition also in erythroid precursor cells. Whether this increase in MCV might serve as a surrogate marker for tumor response has to be evaluated in further investigations.