1.
Allergy after inhalation and ingestion of cereals involve different allergens in allergic and celiac disease.
Armentia, A, Arranz, E, Hernandez, N, Garrote, A, Panzani, R, Blanco, A
Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery. 2008;(1):47-57
Abstract
Cereals are among the major foods in type I food hypersensitivity reactions. Hypoallergenic cereals and recombinant immunotherapy have been recently patented. In celiac disease, limited information is available regarding cereal allergens responsible for allergic reactions. The allergenic reactivity of ingested and inhaled cereal allergens in allergic and celiac people are discussed in the manuscript. Allergic sensitisation IgE mediated to cereals may be observed in celiac children. Inhalation and ingestion routes causing cereal allergy seem to involve similar allergens, but, in celiac disease specific response to CM3 may be important.
2.
Standardization of food allergen extracts for skin prick test.
Skamstrup Hansen, K, Bindslev-Jensen, C, Skov, PS, Sparholt, SH, Nordskov Hansen, G, Niemeijer, NR, Malling, HJ, Poulsen, LK
Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 2001;(1-2):57-69
Abstract
The aim of the study was to standardize and evaluate technically optimized food allergen extracts for use in skin prick test (SPT). The standardization procedure comprised 36 allergic histories in 32 food allergic patients with 21 healthy, non-atopic individuals serving as controls. The patients had a history of allergic symptoms upon ingestion of either cow's milk (n=3), hen's egg (n=9), wheat (n=4), hazelnut (n=14) or cod (n=6). They also had specific IgE in serum to the food in question and a positive SPT with a fresh preparation of the food. The diagnosis had been confirmed by a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge, except for the hazelnut-allergic patients. The controls were subjected to an open food challenge with all the foods to ensure tolerance. The standardization was performed by means of titrated SPT in accordance with the guidelines on biological standardization from the Nordic Council on Medicine. Regression analysis of the skin wheal areas was performed for each patient and the median protein concentration of allergen preparation (median Ch10) eliciting a wheal area of the same size as histamine 10 mg/ml was calculated. The median Ch10 was 0.56 mg/ml for milk, 0.88 mg/ml for egg, 5.4 mg/ml for wheat, 2.1 mg/ml for hazelnut and 0.017 mg/ml for the cod extract. The sensitivity of the median Ch10 estimated from the SPT data was 1 for milk, 0.98 for egg, 1 for wheat, 1 for hazelnut and 0.87 for the cod extract. The allergenic activity of the hazelnut extract was further investigated by leukocyte histamine release (HR) and immunoblotting experiments using sera from 27 hazelnut allergic patients. The clinical sensitivity of the optimized hazelnut extract evaluated by HR was 0.78 compared to 0.30 for a commercially available hazelnut extract (Soluprick). Immunoblotting results showed a stronger IgE binding capacity and additional IgE-binding bands of the optimized hazelnut extract compared with the Soluprick extract.
3.
Role of food protein intolerance in infants with persistent distress attributed to reflux esophagitis.
Hill, DJ, Heine, RG, Cameron, DJ, Catto-Smith, AG, Chow, CW, Francis, DE, Hosking, CS
The Journal of pediatrics. 2000;(5):641-7
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distressed behavior is common in infants and is often attributed to gastroesophageal reflux (GER) or food protein intolerance. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of a hypoallergenic amino acid-based infant formula (AAF) on distressed behavior and GER symptoms in infants who failed to respond to extensively hydrolyzed formula and antireflux medications. STUDY DESIGN Nineteen distressed infants (9 boys and 10 girls; median age, 5.0 months) with presumed GER underwent gastroscopy (n = 17) and esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring (n = 14). Double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) formula challenges of AAF versus previously besttolerated formula were conducted. RESULTS Nine infants had histologic evidence of esophagitis, and 9 had inflammatory changes in the stomach and/or duodenum. Symptoms remitted in all infants within 2 weeks of the start of feeding with AAF. On DBPC challenge after a median period of 3 months of receiving AAF, 12 infants were intolerant to active formula (distress score, 287 vs 580 min/wk,P =. 01; symptom score, 23.1 vs 36.1, P =.03). Seven infants did not relapse and were considered tolerant (distress score, 470 vs 581, P =.77; symptom score, 29.5 vs 20.2; P =.89). CONCLUSION Treatment with AAF may reduce distressed behavior and symptoms of GER in infants with food protein intolerance.