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Acetate free citrate-containing dialysate increase intact-PTH and BAP levels in the patients with low intact-PTH.
Kuragano, T, Furuta, M, Yahiro, M, Kida, A, Otaki, Y, Hasuike, Y, Matsumoto, A, Nakanishi, T
BMC nephrology. 2013;:18
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, acetate-free citrate containing dialysate (A(-)D) was developed. We have already reported about the significant effect of A(-)D on metabolic acidosis, anemia, and malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. In this study, we compared the effect of A(-)D and acetate containing dialysate (A(+)D) on serum calcium and intact-parathyroid hormone (int-PTH) levels. METHOD Single session study: Seventeen patients were treated with A(+)D in one session and also treated with A(-)D in another session. Serum levels of pH, HCO3-, total (t)-calcium, ionized (i)-calcium, and int-PTH were evaluated at the beginning and the end of each session. Cross over study: A total of 29 patients with MHD were treated with A(+)D for 4 months, switched to A(-)D for next 4 months, and returned to A(+)D for the final 4 months. RESULTS In single session study, serum i-calcium and t-calcium levels significantly increased, and int-PTH levels decreased after HD with A(+)D, whereas HD with A(-)D did not affect iCa and int-PTH. In cross over study, if all patients were analyzed, there was no significant difference in serum int-PTH or bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) levels during each study period. In contrast, in the patients with low int-PTH (<60 pg/mL), serum levels of int-PTH and BAP were significantly increased during the A(-)D, without significant changes in serum t-calcium or i-calcium levels. CONCLUSION A(-)D containing citrate could affect calcium and PTH levels, and, in 4 month period of crossover study, increased int-PTH levels pararelled with increasing BAP levels, exclusively in MHD patients with low int-PTH levels.
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Postoperative PTH measurement facilitates day 1 discharge after total thyroidectomy.
Grodski, S, Lundgren, CI, Sidhu, S, Sywak, M, Delbridge, L
Clinical endocrinology. 2009;(2):322-5
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new protocol for postoperative calcium management was developed with the aim of achieving an increase in the proportion of patients being safely discharged on the first postoperative day. We present our experience with the first 50 patients treated under this new protocol. PATIENTS AND DESIGN A cohort study was performed involving the first 50 patients admitted for total or completion thyroidectomy, those data were then compared with a control group. Intact PTH (iPTH) was measured at 4-h postoperatively and patients with iPTH in the normal range were discharged on the first postoperative day. RESULTS Mean age and sex distribution were similar in both groups. Mean lowest postoperative corrected calcium levels in the study group were 2.19 mmol/l and 2.15 mmol/l in the control group (P = 0.24). Parathyroid auto-transplantation was associated with low PTH levels (risk ratio = 0.49). Over 50% of patients (n = 27) were successfully discharged on the first postoperative day in the study group and no patient required readmission. Length of stay was significantly shorter in the study group, mean 1.64 vs. 2.20 days (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The use of iPTH accurately predicts hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy and can be used to facilitate safe early discharge for patients.
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[Responsiveness of parathyroid hormone secretion to a phosphate load in hypertensive patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus].
Irzyniec, T
Endokrynologia Polska. 2009;(3):180-8
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormalities in calcium phosphate (Ca-P) metabolism and Ca-P related hormones are well documented in patients with essential hypertension (EH), but less in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The present study was designed to assess the responsiveness of parathormone (PTH) secretion to an oral phosphate (Pi) load (100 mmol) in patients with EH - NTS and hypertensive patients with NIDDM - CNT. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 29 patients in NTS group (45.6 +/- 1.3 y), 32 in CNT group (48.4 +/- 0.9 y) and in 23 healthy subjects-GK (42.7 +/- 2.7 y) - 25-OH-D(3), intact PTH, ionized (Ca(2+)) and phosphate (P) were estimated in blood serum before and PTH in 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours, Ca(2+) and P in 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 hours after an oral administration of Pi. Urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate were also estimated on day before and at the day of an oral Pi load. RESULTS In NTS group lower basal 25-OH-D(3) serum levels (22.9 +/- 1.7 vs. 30.9 +/- 2 ng/ml; p = 0.02), while in CNT group higher PTH (22.7 +/- +/- 2.2 vs. 15.6 +/- 1.9 pg/ml; p < 0.05) levels were found. Both NTS and CNT patients showed an exaggerated response of PTH secretion to the Pi load (as expressed as the AUC) as compared with GK [757 +/- 51.7 vs. 790 +/- 53.8 vs. 600 +/- 39 (pg/ml)*24 h]. In addition patients in groups NTS and CNT showed a higher calciuria than GK (2.48 +/- 0.2 and 2.42 +/- 0,2 vs. 1.77 +/- 0.2 mmol/d.) and a delayed normalization of plasma P at the day of the Pi load. CONCLUSIONS 1. Both NTS and CNT groups are characterized by an abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism and exaggerated response of PTH secretion to an oral phosphate load as compared with GK controls. 2. Probably hypertension and not NIDDM seems to be the leading cause of calcium-phosphate abnormalities in hypertensive diabetic patients.
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Simultaneous control of PTH and CaxP Is sustained over three years of treatment with cinacalcet HCl.
Sprague, SM, Evenepoel, P, Curzi, MP, González, MT, Husserl, FE, Kopyt, N, Sterling, LR, Mix, C, Wong, G
Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2009;(9):1465-76
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), leading to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. SHPT is a progressive disease often requiring long-term therapy to control parathyroid hormone (PTH) and mineral imbalances. Vitamin D sterols and phosphate binders, used as traditional therapies to lower PTH and phosphorus, may provide inadequate long-term control for many dialysis patients. Cinacalcet, by simultaneously lowering PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and calcium-phosphorus levels, may maintain PTH and mineral balance in these individuals. However, as with traditional therapies, long-term data are limited. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENT Dialysis subjects from at least one of five lead-in studies (double-blind placebo-controlled, including one extension trial) completing up to 52 wk of either cinacalcet or placebo were eligible for this open-label extension study, including an 8-wk dose titration (initiated at 30 mg/d), followed by 24-wk maintenance and up to 132 wk of follow-up. Final efficacy analysis was at week 180. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-four of 589 enrolled subjects received cinacalcet from the beginning of the lead-in study. Weekly median PTH values were < or =300 pg/ml (weeks 16 through 180) and median CaxP values were < or =55 mg(2)/dl(2) (weeks 4 through 180). Similar results were exhibited in the 255 subjects who initially received placebo. Among the patients exposed to cinacalcet from the beginning of the lead-in study, 3% of subjects exhibited treatment-related serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Cinacalcet effectively maintained PTH, Ca and P reductions in dialysis subjects for up to 180 wk.
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Cross-sectional analysis of abnormalities of mineral homeostasis, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in a cohort of pre-dialysis patients. The chronic renal impairment in Birmingham (CRIB) study.
Zehnder, D, Landray, MJ, Wheeler, DC, Fraser, W, Blackwell, L, Nuttall, S, Hughes, SV, Townend, J, Ferro, C, Baigent, C, et al
Nephron. Clinical practice. 2007;(3):c109-16
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in mineral and vitamin D metabolism, which affect parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis, are well recognized in patients receiving dialysis. However, it is unclear at what stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) these abnormalities develop. METHODS The associations between CKD stages 3 and 5, and alterations of calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and PTH concentrations were assessed in 249 patients (mean age 61 years, 66% male) and 79 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS As compared to controls, serum phosphate concentrations were elevated among CKD patients (1.40 vs. 1.11 mmol/l; p < 0.0001). And levels of both 25-hydroxyvitamin D (42.1 vs. 60.4 nmol/l; p < 0.0001) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (58.2 vs. 119.5 pmol/l; p < 0.0001) were lower among patients with CKD, even among those with only stage 3 CKD and despite 73% of patients receiving vitamin D supplements. The ratio of 1,25-dihydroxy- to 25-hydroxyvitamin D was lower than controls, even among patients with stage 3 CKD (p = 0.0001), and this ratio diminished with advancing renal impairment. Concomitant elevations were observed in intact PTH (13.8 vs. 4.2 pmol/l; p < 0.0001) and whole PTH (7.9 vs. 2.7 pmol/l; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Impaired conversion of 25-hydroxy- to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is an early feature of renal disease, and progresses as renal function deteriorates.
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Inverse correlation between serum magnesium and parathyroid hormone in peritoneal dialysis patients: a contributing factor to adynamic bone disease?
Wei, M, Esbaei, K, Bargman, JM, Oreopoulos, DG
International urology and nephrology. 2006;(2):317-22
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) is present in many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and has been linked to uremic bone disease. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are affected by calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus. Recent data suggests that serum magnesium may also modulate PTH levels. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of different calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of dialysis solutions on serum Mg and serum PTH levels in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two groups of PD patients-group A (n = 17) on "standard" Ca and Mg dialysis solution (SCa-MgD) (Ca: 1.62 mmol/l, Mg: 0.75 mmol/l and Lactate 35 mmol/l), and group B (n = 29) on "low" Ca and Mg dialysis solution (LCa-MgD) (Ca: 1.25 mmol/l, Mg: 0.25 mmol/l and Lactate 40 mmol/l), on PD for more than 6 months, were studied. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used as the phosphate (P) binder in 87% (40/46) of the patients. Biochemical parameters were evaluated every 1-2 months over 6 months and the mean values were computed. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the two groups in all parameters except for serum Mg and PTH. Serum Mg was higher in SCa-MgD group compared to those in the LCa-MgD group (1.05 +/- 0.19 vs 0.90 +/- 0.23 mmol/l, respectively) and serum PTH was higher in LCa-MgD group compared to those in SCa-MgD group (72.3 +/- 64.2 vs 31.1 +/- 39.0 pmol/l, respectively) even though serum Ca was not different. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between serum Mg and PTH levels (r = -0.357, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum Mg is lower and serum PTH higher in patients dialyzed with lower Mg concentration dialysis solution compared to those with higher Mg concentration dialysis solution. Our study confirms previous reports that serum Mg may have a suppressive role on PTH synthesis and/or secretion, and thus may play a role in pathogenesis of adynamic bone disease that often develops in patients on chronic PD with high calcium and high magnesium concentrations.
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[Impact of the mass-reductive therapy with orlistat on 25-(OH)-D3 and PTH concentration in sera of obese, menopausal women].
Holecki, M, Zahorska-Markiewicz, B, Nieszporek, T, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M, Mizia-Stec, K, Zak-Gołab, A, Kocełak, P, Fryźlewicz-Moska, A, Wiecek, A
Endokrynologia Polska. 2005;(3):240-5
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidemiological studies suggest a protective influence of obesity against postmenopausal bone loss. Lower risk of osteoporotic fractures was described in obese patients. However there were only a few studies which examined the effect of weight reduction on bone metabolism and results of these studies are controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of weight reduction program using Orlistat on bone metabolism in perimenopausal women. Twenty obese women with simple obesity and without concomitant diseases (BMI 37.1 +/- 3.0 kg/m2, mean age 49.8 +/- 4.6 yrs) were enrolled into this study. The control group consisted of 20 healthy women (mean age 53.5 +/- 5.4 yrs, BMI 24.1 +/- 2.2 kg/m2). All patients have participated in a 3-month weight reduction therapy that consisted of: a 1000-1200 kcal/ day balanced diet (daily calcium consumption about 500mg), Orlistat 3 x 120mg a day and regular physical exercises. Before the weight reduction therapy and after 10% reduction of body weight, serum concentrations of PTH, 25-(OH)-D3, total calcium and phosphorus, total cholesterol were assessed. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA method) of lumbar spine and femoral neck, measuring BMD was performed once, after a 3-month weight reduction therapy using Lunar DPXL. All these measurements were performed only once in control subjects. After a 3-month weight reduction program in patients treated with Orlistat the mean weight loss was 11.6 +/- 5.1 kg which is 12.1 +/- 4.78 %. BMI decreased from 37.1 +/- 3.0 kg/m2 at baseline to 32.6 +/- 2.7 kg/m2 post-treatment. The body weight reduction resulted in significant decrease of body fat and total cholesterol concentration. In obese subjects serum concentration of 25-(OH)-D3 was significantly lower and serum concentration of PTH was significantly higher in comparison to healthy controls, both before and after weight reduction therapy. Serum concentration of PTH, 25-(OH)-D3, total calcium and phosphorus did not change significantly after therapy with Orlistat. CONCLUSION 3-month weight reduction program using Orlistat did not influence significantly bone metabolism.
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Chronic glucocorticoid treatment alters spontaneous pulsatile parathyroid hormone secretory dynamics in human subjects.
Bonadonna, S, Burattin, A, Nuzzo, M, Bugari, G, Rosei, EA, Valle, D, Iori, N, Bilezikian, JP, Veldhuis, JD, Giustina, A
European journal of endocrinology. 2005;(2):199-205
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretory dynamics include tonic and pulsatile components. It is not known how glucocorticoids might alter these secretory dynamics. DESIGN The aim of our study was to evaluate spontaneous fluctuations in serum PTH levels in six adult male patients (aged 31-64 years) receiving chronic (>6 months) therapy with glucocorticoids (daily dosage >7.5 mg of prednisone or dose equivalent of other corticosteroid) as compared with a control group of 10 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. METHODS Peripheral venous blood sampling was performed every 3 min for 6 h from 0900 to 1500 h. Plasma PTH release profiles were subjected to deconvolution analysis, a method that resolves measured hormone concentrations into secretion and clearance components, and to an approximate entropy (ApEn) estimate, that in turn provides an integrated measure of the serial regularity or orderliness of the release process. RESULTS In the glucocorticoid-treated group, the PTH tonic secretory rate was reduced (4.3+/-0.74 vs 8.8+/-1.4 pg/ml per min in controls, P = 0.017). There was, however, an increase in the fractional pulsatile PTH secretion (42+/-8.2 vs 18.3+/-3.9 pg/ml per min, P = 0.006) in glucocorticoid-treated vs normal subjects. Mean overall PTH concentration, as well as mean integrated area, was similar among normal and glucocorticoid-treated subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate, for the first time, that chronic glucocorticoid treatment induces a redistribution of spontaneous PTH secretory dynamics by reducing the amount released in tonic fashion and increasing the amount released as pulses.
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Usefulness of whole PTH assay in patients with renal osteodystrophy--correlation with bone scintigraphy.
Kaida, H, Ishibashi, M, Nishida, H, Baba, K, Hiromatsu, Y, Okuda, S, Hayabuchi, N
Annals of nuclear medicine. 2005;(3):179-84
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay has recently been reported to be effective in evaluating both 1-84 PTH (whole PTH) and inactive 7-84 PTH. Inactive 7-84 PTH is considered to be increased in hemodialysis patients and to prevent the effects of 1-84 PTH, and intact PTH is considered to overestimate the PTH activity in these patients. As such, a whole PTH assay has recently been developed. The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of a whole PTH assay using the bone to soft tissue (B/ST) ratio on bone scintigraphy. METHOD Twenty-five hemodialysis patients were included in our study. In all patients, bone scintigraphy and a blood test [whole PTH, intact PTH, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P)] were performed. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around the cranium, lumbar vertebrae, left femoral neck, and soft tissue of the medial left thigh to obtain the B/ST ratio. RESULTS The B/ST ratio of the cranium and left femoral neck correlated with whole PTH and intact PTH. In particular, the B/ST ratio of the cranium correlated most significantly with the value of whole PTH. Whole PTH levels correlated with intact PTH levels (r = 0.891, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that a whole PTH assay may be useful in evaluating PTH activity using the B/ST ratio. The B/ST ratio of the cranium may reflect the bone metabolism of hemodialysis patients.
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Diagnosis of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism by oral calcium loading test.
Hagag, P, Revet-Zak, I, Hod, N, Horne, T, Rapoport, MJ, Weiss, M
Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2003;(4):327-32
Abstract
We evaluated the oral calcium-loading test (OCLT) in diagnosing normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Calcium and PTH levels were measured before, 60, 120 and 180 min after oral 1 g of calcium gluconolactate administration in 102 consecutive females with high circulating PTH levels, and 25 controls. Patients were classified as follows: Group A, patients with a parathyroid adenoma identified by two imaging modalities. Sub-Group AO, hyperparathyroid patients [no.=13, mean age 59 yr (SD=10)] evaluated prior to parathyroidectomy. Sub-Group AH, non-operated hypercalcemic patients [no.=29, age 63 yr (SD=11)]. Sub-Group AN, normocalcemic non-operated women [no.=14, age 59 yr (SD=8)]. Group B, normocalcemic individuals [no.=46, age 58 yr (SD=11)] with negative parathyroid imaging. Group C, control patients [no.= 25, age 56 yr (SD=12)]. The concentrations of calcium and PTH overlapped in the normocalcemic groups during the OCLT. Product P, defined as circulating PTH nadir (pg/ml) x peak calcium concentration (mg/dl), better discriminated Sub-Group AN from Group B, AUC=0.98 (95% CI 0.95, 1.00) than did Ratio R, defined as relative PTH decline/relative calcium increment, AUC= 0.86 (95%CI 0.73, 0.99). Assuming normal threshold of Product P and Ratio R at 260 and 17 respectively, the combined parameters diagnose normocalcemic hyperparathyroid patients with 100% sensitivity and 87% specificity.