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Antioxidants Taken Orally prior to Diagnostic Radiation Exposure Can Prevent DNA Injury.
Velauthapillai, N, Barfett, J, Jaffer, H, Mikulis, D, Murphy, K
Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR. 2017;(3):406-411
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate efficacy of oral antioxidant treatment given to patients before radiologic procedures in reducing x-ray-induced DNA damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a single-center prospective controlled trial, antioxidant treatment with 2 g ascorbate, 1.2 g N-acetylcysteine, 600 mg lipoic acid, and 30 mg beta carotene was given to 5 consecutive participants before undergoing clinically indicated technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc MDP) bone scans for cancer staging. These participants were compared with 5 participants without antioxidant treatment. DNA damage was visualized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after bone scans using three-dimensional microscopy and fluorescently labeled gamma-H2AX protein. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the radiation received between the control and antioxidant groups, the number of foci/cell before and after bone scan within groups, and foci/cell after bone scan between groups. RESULTS There was a significantly higher number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell after ionization radiation in the control group compared with the antioxidant group (P = .009). There was no statistically significant difference in number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell before or after exposure in the antioxidant group; the number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell was statistically significantly higher (P = .009) in the control group after exposure to 99mTc MDP. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing 99mTc MDP bone scans, treatment with oral antioxidants before scanning significantly prevented DNA damage in PBMCs. Antioxidants may provide an effective means to protect patients and health care professionals from radiation-induced DNA damage during imaging studies.
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2.
The role of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma.
Karacavus, S, Intepe, YS
The clinical respiratory journal. 2015;(2):189-95
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and asthma are characterized as similar to each other in causing airway obstruction and being an inflammatory process. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99m) Tc-DTPA) aerosol scintigraphy could be used in the differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD. METHODS Eighty-four patients (male/female: 32/52; mean age 50.2 ± 12.7 years) with obstructive lung disease and 30 healthy volunteers as the control group were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as COPD and asthma and also smoking subgroups. Alveolar clearance study was performed using a radiolabeled aerosol of (99m) Tc-DTPA. Mucociliary clearance was evaluated with T½ , cap value and penetration index parameters. All patient underwent pulmonary function tests and Forced expiratory volume (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 /FVC parameters were obtained. RESULTS The mean of T½ values of (99m) Tc-DTPA aerosol and FEV1 /FVC value among spirometric tests of the nonsmoking COPD patients were significantly lower than nonsmoking asthma patients (46.1 ± 14.3, 62.3 ± 18.7, P = 0.02; 65.2 ± 10.8, 81.4 ± 16.5, P = 0.04, respectively). The cap value was significantly higher in nonsmoking COPD patients (1.21 ± 0.49, 0.76 ± 0.22, P = 0.03). While there were no statistically and significantly different between control and asthmatic groups at the scintigraphic parameters and spirometric parameters, the mean of T½ values, cap value and spirometric parameters were statistically different between control and COPD groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We showed that assessment of mucociliary permeability with (99m) Tc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy was a useful, easy to apply and a noninvasive technique to use in the differential diagnosis of nonsmoker COPD and asthma.
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3.
The value of estimating serum aproptotic marker concentrations in monitoring and prognosis of 131I--therapy in Graves' disease. Preliminary report.
Rogowski, F, Parfieńczyk, A, Sopotyk, A, Budlewski, T, Jabłońska, E, Kiersnowska-Rogowska, B, Szumowski, P
Nuclear medicine review. Central & Eastern Europe. 2004;(2):117-22
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of radioiodine (131I) in Graves' disease (GD) is probably due to the direct physical destruction of thyrocytes by beta radiation, and by the indirect action through stimulation of apoptosis in these cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes in serum concentrations of sFas and sFasL as stimulators of apoptosis, and Bcl-2 as an inhibitor of apoptosis in patients with GD following 131I administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on 30 patients with GD (29 female and 1 male aged 25-45). All patients were euthyroid (biochemical and clinical) prior to radioiodine therapy. The target absorbed dose ranged between 90 and 160 Gy. We assessed markers of apoptosis and hormone concentrations (fT3, fT4 and TSH) in the following manner: before 131I administration, then two weeks, one month, two, three, four, and five months after 131I administration. RESULTS After four months, the concentrations of sFas and sFasL rose by 50% and decreased during the next month. Pretherapeutic concentrations of Bcl-2 were elevated, and peaked two weeks after ingestion, showing a gradual decrease with time. We found a significant increase in serum TSH, and a decrease of fT3 and fT4 concentrations by the end of the third month of radioiodine therapy. CONCLUSIONS Decreases in serum levels of sFas and sFasL and increases of Bcl-2 are regarded as characteristic for GD patients before radioiodine therapy. Radioiodine therapy reverses the ratio of estimated markers after four months. The concentrations of hormones reflect actual thyroid function, whereas concentrations of markers of apoptosis may suggest morphological changes.
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Intradermal radioisotope injection is superior to subdermal injection for the identification of the sentinel node in breast cancer patients.
Motomura, K, Komoike, Y, Hasegawa, Y, Kasugai, T, Inaji, H, Noguchi, S, Koyama, H
Journal of surgical oncology. 2003;(2):91-6; discussion 96-7
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the intradermal injection of radiocolloids would improve the identification rate of sentinel nodes over the subdermal injection in breast cancer patients. METHODS Sentinel node biopsy was performed in T2 breast cancer patients with clinically negative nodes, using subdermal or intradermal injection of radioisotopes with the peritumoral dye injection. We used Tc-99m tin colloid, with a larger particle size (0.4-5 microm), rather than sulfur colloid and colloidal albumin. RESULTS The initial 55 patients underwent subdermal injection of radiocolloids; the next 61 patients underwent intradermal injection of radiocolloids for sentinel node biopsy. The detection rate of sentinel nodes was significantly (P = 0.048) higher in the intradermal injection group (61/61, 100%) than in the subdermal injection group (51/55, 92.7%). False-negative rates were comparable between the two groups. Lymphoscintigraphy visualized the sentinel nodes significantly (P < 0.0001) more often in the intradermal injection group (59/61, 96.7%) than in the subdermal injection group (20/54, 37.0%). CONCLUSIONS A significantly higher identification rate of sentinel node biopsy and lymphoscintigraphy can be achieved by intradermal injection of Tc-99m tin colloid with a large particle size than by subdermal injection.
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5.
Subareolar and peritumoral injection identify similar sentinel nodes for breast cancer.
Bauer, TW, Spitz, FR, Callans, LS, Alavi, A, Mick, R, Weinstein, SP, Bedrosian, I, Fraker, DL, Bauer, TL, Czerniecki, BJ
Annals of surgical oncology. 2002;(2):169-76
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with radioisotope and blue dye is rapidly becoming the standard of care for breast cancer. The optimal location for injection of radioisotope and blue dye is still being investigated. The goal of this study was to determine whether blue dye injection into the subareolar (SA) location localized the same sentinel nodes as the peritumoral (PT) location for patients with breast cancer. METHODS Three hundred thirty-two patients with biopsy-proven operable breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ at two institutions underwent SLN mapping. Eighty-three patients had PT injection of blue dye (group 1), and 249 patients had SA injection of blue dye (group 2). All patients underwent PT injection of (99m)Tc-labeled sulfur colloid. RESULTS The two groups were similar in age, previous biopsy type, and tumor size, location, and histology. The mean number of SLNs identified was 2.4 (range, 0-9) in group 1 and 2.5 (range, 0-11) in group 2. The SLN identification rate was 95% for group 1 and 97% for group 2. The isotope success rate was 94% for both groups. The blue dye success rate was 84% for group 1 and 90% for group 2. The isotope/blue dye concordance rate was 87% for group 1 and 90% for group 2. At a median follow-up of 28 months (range, 14 to 40), there were no axillary recurrences in any of the 332 patients. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that delivery of mapping reagents in the SA and PT locations identifies similar lymph nodes. Because of simplicity and the similarity in node identification between SA and PT injection, further investigation of the SA site for delivery of SLN mapping reagents for breast cancer is warranted.
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6.
Managing the high-risk patient: experience with fenoldopam, a selective dopamine receptor agonist, in prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy during percutaneous coronary intervention.
Kini, AA, Sharma, SK
Reviews in cardiovascular medicine. 2001;:S19-25
Abstract
Acute worsening of renal function due to contrast agents occurs in 15% to 40% of patients with baseline renal insufficiency undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Radiocontrast nephropathy is associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and higher in-hospital mortality. Our nonrandomized data suggest that in adequately hydrated patients, the dopamine-1 receptor agonist fenoldopam is a useful adjunct during PCI for prevention of RCN, reducing its incidence to less than 5%. This renoprotective effect of fenoldopam was more pronounced in diabetics, with moderate renal failure, in whom no agent has been shown so far to be beneficial.