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A pilot study investigating reactive oxygen species production in capillary blood after a marathon and the influence of an antioxidant-rich beetroot juice.
Clifford, T, Bowman, A, Capper, T, Allerton, DM, Foster, E, Birch-Machin, M, Lietz, G, Howatson, G, Stevenson, EJ
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 2018;(3):303-306
Abstract
We report that reactive oxygen species (ROS), as measured in capillary blood taken from the finger-tip, increased after a marathon (+128% P < 0.01; effect size = 1.17), indicating that this collection method might be useful for measuring ROS in field settings. However, mitochondrial DNA damage remained unchanged. Beetroot juice, taken before and after exercise, was unable to mitigate exercise-induced ROS production, questioning its use an antioxidant-rich food.
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Prior endurance exercise prevents postprandial lipaemia-induced increases in reactive oxygen species in circulating CD31+ cells.
Jenkins, NT, Landers, RQ, Thakkar, SR, Fan, X, Brown, MD, Prior, SJ, Spangenburg, EE, Hagberg, JM
The Journal of physiology. 2011;(Pt 22):5539-53
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Abstract
We hypothesized that prior exercise would prevent postprandial lipaemia (PPL)-induced increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in three distinct circulating angiogenic cell (CAC) subpopulations. CD34(+), CD31(+)/CD14(-)/CD34(-), and CD31(+)/CD14(+)/CD34(-) CACs were isolated from blood samples obtained from 10 healthy men before and 4 h after ingesting a high fat meal with or without ∼50 min of prior endurance exercise. Significant PPL-induced increases in ROS production in both sets of CD31(+) cells were abolished by prior exercise. Experimental ex vivo inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity and mitochondrial ROS production indicated that mitochondria were the primary source of PPL-induced oxidative stress. The attenuated increases in ROS with prior exercise were associated with increased antioxidant gene expression in CD31(+)/CD14(-)/CD34(-) cells and reduced intracellular lipid uptake in CD31(+)/CD14(+)/CD34(-) cells. These findings were associated with systemic cardiovascular benefits of exercise, as serum triglyceride, oxidized low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and plasma endothelial microparticle concentrations were lower in the prior exercise trial than the control trial. In conclusion, prior exercise completely prevents PPL-induced increases in ROS in CD31(+)/CD14(-)/CD34(-) and CD31(+)/CD14(+)/CD34(-) cells. The mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise on CAC function appear to vary among specific CAC types.
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Nutritional supplement attenuates selected oxidative stress markers in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.
Sadowska-Woda, I, Rachel, M, Pazdan, J, Bieszczad-Bedrejczuk, E, Pawliszak, K
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.). 2011;(7):509-18
Abstract
Our aim was to test the hypothesis that nutritional supplement (AquADEKs; Axcan Scandipharm Inc., Birmingham, Ala, USA) with various pharmaceutical forms of such as chewable tablets, capsules, and liquid administered daily for 12 weeks would reduce oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant status in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A total of 50 patients with CF and 21 healthy children were included in the study. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group A received supplementation with vitamins A (3 mg daily), E (200 mg daily), and D(3) (20 μg daily); group B was supplemented with AquADEKs chewable tablets; group C received the recommended amount of AquADEKs capsules; and group D was supplemented with AquADEKs liquid. The level of oxidative stress was determined by the analysis of activities of enzymes neutralizing reactive oxygen species and by the estimated markers of intensity of free radical processes. There was no difference in the activity of erythrocyte catalase, hydroperoxides level, and sulfhydryl group content in blood plasma between patients with CF and healthy children. The plasma total antioxidant status was decreased in all CF groups compared with the control. The supplementation with either AquADEKs chewable tablets or capsules normalized the malondialdehyde level in plasma. AquADEKs in various pharmaceutical forms normalized the sulfhydryl group content of erythrocytes. The superoxide dismutase activity was increased to near control level in the patients supplemented with either AquADEKs chewable tablets or liquid as compared with the group supplemented with vitamins or with AquADEKs capsules. In conclusion, AquADEKs attenuates selected oxidative stress markers in pediatric patients with CF.
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Free oxygen radical-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition.
Hasanoğlu, A, Dalgiç, N, Tümer, L, Atalay, Y, Cinasal, G, Biberoğlu, G, Bukan, N, Aybar, C
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids. 2005;(2):99-102
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased oxygen-derived free radical activity has been reported during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in infants particularly linked to the fat infusion. It is possible that partial enteral feeding can ameliorate some of the complications of TPN. By this study we aimed to investigate free radical formation and antioxidant activity in term and preterm infants during TPN and/or enteral feeding. STUDY DESIGN We had 6 groups of term and preterm infants made up of 10 patients each. Group I had only enteral feeding, Group II enteral plus parenteral feeding, Group III only parenteral feeding. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin E and vitamin C levels were measured in all infants. Blood samples of infants receiving only TPN and TPN plus enteral feeding were measured on the 1st and 5th days, and 3h after the end of lipid infusion. RESULTS There was no difference between the term and preterm infants in terms of MDA, SOD, vitamin C and E levels taken baseline and after parenteral, and enteral plus parenteral feeding on the 1st and 5th days. When 3 groups of both term and preterm infants were compared with each other none of the parameters showed a statistically significant difference. In addition, we compared baseline and 1st and 5th days of TPN therapy in both term and preterm infants fed only parenterally and enteral plus parenteral feedings. In term infants fed both parenterally and parenteral plus enterally, the MDA levels before TPN were significantly higher than that of the levels of patients on parenteral nutrition on the 5th day. On the 1st and 5th days of TPN therapy, the levels of vitamin C was significantly decreased, in term and preterm infants fed only parenterally, levels of vitamin E was increased, in term and preterm infants fed both parenterally and parenteral plus enterally. Also, when compared to their base line the SOD levels of the term infants detected on the 1st and 5th days were significantly high. CONCLUSION Free radical production is increased by the administration of TPN and may be linked to its adverse effects. It may be assumed that long-term complications of preterm infants receiving TPN may be reduced by further strengthening the antioxidant capacities of the TPN solutions.
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Oxidative state in platelets and erythrocytes in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Kawamoto, EM, Munhoz, CD, Glezer, I, Bahia, VS, Caramelli, P, Nitrini, R, Gorjão, R, Curi, R, Scavone, C, Marcourakis, T
Neurobiology of aging. 2005;(6):857-64
Abstract
Several studies have shown involvement of peroxynitrite anion, a potent oxidative agent, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Herein, we assessed in platelets and erythrocytes of AD patients, age-matched and young adults controls: thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) production; superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and Na,K-ATPase activities; cyclic GMP (cGMP) content, both basal and after sodium nitroprusside (SNP) stimulation. Aging was associated with an increase in TBARS production and NOS activity, a decrease in basal cGMP content and no change in SOD and Na,K-ATPase activities. AD patients, compared to aged controls, have: increase in TBARS production and in NOS, SOD and Na,K-ATPase activities but no alteration in basal cGMP content. SNP increased cGMP platelets production in all groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated in platelets and erythrocytes a disruption in systemic modulation of oxidative stress in aging and with more intensity in AD.
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Eccentric exercise, isokinetic muscle torque and delayed onset muscle soreness: the role of reactive oxygen species.
Close, GL, Ashton, T, Cable, T, Doran, D, MacLaren, DP
European journal of applied physiology. 2004;(5-6):615-21
Abstract
There is growing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the muscular damage and soreness that is observed following strenuous or unaccustomed exercise. This study investigated the relationship between delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle function and ROS following downhill running using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and plasma malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations. Eight physically active male subjects participated in two trials consisting of 30 min of running at approximately 65% VO(2max) on the flat (FLA) or a 15% downhill (DWN) gradient. Venous blood samples were drawn before, immediately after, and then 24, 48 and 72 h post exercise, and at the same time DOMS and muscle function were assessed. Blood was analysed for markers of ROS, total and differential white blood cell count, and creatine kinase. Muscle function was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer, whilst DOMS was assessed using a visual analogue scale. An increase in ROS, detected via ESR spectroscopy and MDA, was observed following DWN ( P<0.05) but not following FLA. Increased DOMS and loss of muscle function were observed following DWN ( P<0.05) but not following FLA ( P>0.05). DWN resulted in a transient leukocytosis ( P<0.05) occurring immediately post-exercise but returning to pre-exercise levels by 24 h. Although DWN resulted in an increase in ROS production, the increase occurred after the peak decline in muscle function and DOMS, suggesting that there may be a disassociation in the temporal relationship between ROS, loss of muscle function and DOMS.
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[Imbalance of pro-oxidants-antioxidants in blood of pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension].
Pyska, W, Klejewski, A, Karolkiewicz, J, Szcześniak, Ł, Szcześniak-Chmielecka, A, Nowak, A
Ginekologia polska. 2002;(1):14-8
Abstract
DESIGN The purpose of our study was to determine a prooxidant-antioxidant balance in pregnant women with the newly diagnosed pregnancy-induced hypertension and in normal pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was performed on 20 pregnancies complicated with hypertension (PIH) and 17 normal pregnancies in the third trimester of gestation. The age, BPs, BPd, edema and proteinuria were noted to characterize the patients. The reduced glutathione concentration and the glutathione peroxidase activity were measured in red blood cell hemolysates. In plasma, the concentrations of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances such as lipid peroxidation products and the hydrogen peroxide were determined. RESULTS There were patients of similar age: pregnancies with PIH and uncomplicated pregnancies were 25.7 +/- 3.96 years old and 25.7 +/- 4.54 years old, respectively. Proteinuria was found in five pregnancies with PIH and in one normal pregnant woman. Edema was noted in eight pregnancies with PIH and in three normal pregnancies. In the group of pregnancies complicated with hypertension, BPs and BPd were 147.7 +/- 6.78 mmHg and 94.2 +/- 4.94 mmHg, respectively. In the group of patients with PIH, reduced glutathione concentration significantly decreased and the TBARS levels increased as compared with results noted in normal pregnancies. No differences in the glutathione peroxidase activity and the hydrogen peroxide concentration were noted between groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results of the research allowed us to conclude that the pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with the overproduction of lipid peroxides and impaired antioxidant defence.