-
1.
Effects of TAT-SOD at Acupoints on Essential Hypertension by Monitoring Meridians Electrical Potential.
Guo, JK, Xu, JS, Chen, TB, Xu, MM, Liu, ST, Zhang, CX, Ke, LJ, Zhou, JW, Wang, Q, Rao, PF
Chinese journal of integrative medicine. 2020;(9):694-700
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect on essential hypertension of the topical application of TAT-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (TAT-SOD) at left acupoint Zusanli (ST 36), and to observe whether the change of electrical potential difference (EPD) can be related to the change of blood pressure. METHODS Sixteen patients with essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. EPD between the left acupoints of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Qiuxu (GB 40) was firstly screened out for the EPD detection. An intracellular superoxide quenching enzyme, TAT-SOD, was topically applied to the acupoint ST 36 within an area of 1 cm2 once a day, and the influence on EPD was investigated. The dosage applied to TAT-SOD group (n=8) was 0.2 mL of 3000 U/mL TAT-SOD cream prepared by adding purified TAT-SOD to a vehicle cream, while placebo group (n=8) used the vehicle cream instead. The left acupoints of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Qiuxu (GB 40) were selected for EPD measurement after comparing EPD readings between 5 acupoints on each of all 12 meridians. RESULTS EPDs between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 for 16 patients of essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were 44.9±6.4 and 5.6±0.9 mV, respectively. Daily application of TAT-SOD for 15 days at ST 36 of essential hypertension patients significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 179.6 and 81.5 mm Hg to 153.1 and 74.1 mm Hg, respectively. Responding to the change in blood pressure, EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 also declined from 44.4 to 22.8 mV with the same trend. No change was observed with SBP, DBP and EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 with the daily application of the placebo cream. CONCLUSION Enzymatic scavenging of the intracellular superoxide at ST 36 proved to be effective in decreasing SBP and DBP. The results reconfirm the involvement of superoxide anions and its transportation along the meridians, and demonstrate that EPD between acupoints may be an indicator to reflect its functioning status. Moreover, preliminary results suggest a close correlation between EPD and blood pressure readings, implying a possibility of using EPD as a sensitive parameter for blood pressure and to monitor the effect of antihypertensive treatment.
-
2.
Influence of melatonin supplementation on serum antioxidative properties and impact of the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients.
Adamczyk-Sowa, M, Pierzchala, K, Sowa, P, Polaniak, R, Kukla, M, Hartel, M
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society. 2014;(4):543-50
Abstract
The relationship between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and sunlight's ultraviolet radiation was proved. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenic traits of MS. Melatonin possesses antioxidative properties and regulates circadian rhythms. Several studies have reported that the quality of life is worse in patients with MS than in healthy controls, with a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances, depression and fatigue. The aim of study was to evaluate 5 mg daily melatonin supplementation over 90 days on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and its' influence on impact of the quality of life of MS patients. A case-control prospective study was performed on 102 MS patients and 20 controls matched for age and sex. The EDSS, MRI examinations and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) questionnaire was completed. Marked increase in serum MDA concentration in all MS patients groups was observed and after melatonin treatment decreased significantly in interferons-beta and glatiramer acetate-treated groups, but not in mitoxantrone-treated group. A significant increase in SOD activity compared to controls only in glatiramer acetate-treated group was observed. After 3 months melatonin supplementation the SOD activity increased compared to initial values in interferons beta-treated groups. A significant increase in both MSIS-29-PHYS and MSIS-29-PSYCH items mean scores only in the MX group as compared to other groups was observed. There were no significant differences in mean MSIS-29-PHYS was observed before and after melatonin therapy. Melatonin supplementation caused a decrease in mean MSIS-29-PSYCH scores compared to initial values in interferons beta-treated groups. Finding from our study suggest that melatonin can act as an antioxidant and improves reduced quality in MS patients.
-
3.
Expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with type 1 diabetes with and without microvascular complications.
Wegner, M, Rawłuszko-Wieczorek, AA, Araszkiewicz, A, Pioruńska-Stolzmann, M, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz, D, Wierusz-Wysocka, B, Jagodziński, PP
Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej. 2014;(5):239-46
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the causes of impaired antioxidant response in patients with type 1 diabetes might be decreased expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of MnSOD on transcript and protein levels in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from patients with type 1 diabetes and analyze its association with microvascular complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS The MnSOD expression was assessed in PMNLs from 46 patients with type 1 diabetes and 12 age- and sex -matched healthy subjects. The study group was divided into 2 subgroups: with and without microvascular complications. The MnSOD expression on the transcript level was evaluated by real -time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while that on the protein level by Western blot analysis. RESULTS A significant increase in the MnSOD transcript level was observed in all patients with diabetes with and without microvascular complications (P = 0.01, P = 0.02, respectively). The MnSOD protein level was higher in patients without microvascular complications compared with those with complications and the control group (P = 0.05, P = 0.03, respectively). The MnSOD expression was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose and total cholesterol levels both at the transcript level (r = 0.4, P <0.05 for both correlations) and at the protein level (r = 0.3 and r = 0.4, respectively, P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although an increased MnSOD transcript level in patients with type 1 diabetes suggests enhanced antioxidant mobilization in all diabetic patients, decreased levels of the MnSOD protein in PMNLs from patients with microvascular complications compared with those without complications indicates that patients with microvascular complications may have impaired antioxidant response.
-
4.
Pheochromocytoma and markers of oxidative stress.
Turková, H, Petrák, O, Skrha, J, Widimský, J, Zelinka, T
Physiological research. 2013;(3):331-5
Abstract
High levels of catecholamines in pheochromocytoma (PHEO) are associated with risk of cardiovascular complications. In this study, we looked for potential differences in markers of oxidative stress - vitamin C, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in PHEO before and after the operation. We studied 18 subjects with PHEO who were examined before and approximately one year after the successful tumor removal (free of disease). All subjects had elevated urinary epinephrine and/or norepinephrine levels before the operation. Vitamin C levels increased significantly after the operation from 61+/-27 to 77+/-20 micromol/l (P=0.02), and MDA decreased significantly after the tumor removal from 2.6+/-0.4 to 2.0+/-0.6 micromol/l (P=0.01). However, no changes were found in SOD activity before and after the operation. In conclusion, increased catecholamine production in PHEO is accompanied by decreased levels of vitamin C and increased levels of MDA which may indicate the activation of oxidative stress in PHEO. Successful operation was associated with lowering of oxidative stress by using both biomarkers. On the contrary, no changes in SOD activity before and after the tumor removal were noted.
-
5.
Effects of irbesartan on intracellular antioxidant enzyme expression and activity in adolescents and young adults with early diabetic angiopathy.
Chiarelli, F, Di Marzio, D, Santilli, F, Mohn, A, Blasetti, A, Cipollone, F, Mezzetti, A, Verrotti, A
Diabetes care. 2005;(7):1690-7
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defective intracellular antioxidant enzyme production (IAP) has been demonstrated in adults with diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on IAP in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and early signs of retinopathy and nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective, matched case-control study was conducted between November 2001 and December 2002 among 14 type 1 diabetic patients with early signs of angiopathy (ages 14-21 years), 11 type 1 diabetic patients without angiopathy (ages 12-22 years), and 10 healthy volunteers (ages 16-22 years). Skin fibroblasts were obtained by skin biopsies from the anterior part of the forearm and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. The activity and mRNA expression of CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured before and after 6 months of treatment with irbesartan (150 mg/day); on both occasions, antioxidant enzyme activity was evaluated at different glucose concentrations (5 and 22 mmol/l). RESULTS At a normal glucose concentration (5 mmol/l), the activity and mRNA expression of CuZnSOD (0.50 +/- 0.21 units/mg protein, 4.4 +/- 1.5 mRNA/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), MnSOD (0.26 +/- 0.04 units/mg protein, 0.08 +/- 0.07 mRNA), CAT (0.32 +/- 0.08 units/mg protein, 4.8 +/- 1.3 mRNA), and GPX (0.53 +/- 0.09 units/mg protein, 2.2 +/- 0.9 mRNA) were not different among the three groups (only values of diabetic subjects with angiopathy are shown). At high glucose concentrations, the activity and mRNA expression of CuZnSOD increased similarly in all groups (diabetic subjects with angiopathy: 0.93 +/- 0.26 units/mg protein, 9.4 +/- 2.1 mRNA); that of CAT and GPX increased in only control subjects and diabetic subjects without angiopathy (diabetic subjects with angiopathy: 0.33 +/- 0.09 units/mg protein and 5.0 +/- 1.4 mRNA; 0.54 +/- 0.10 units/mg protein and 2.3 +/- 1.0 mRNA, respectively). MnSOD did not change in any group. Treatment with irbesartan in adolescents with diabetic angiopathy was able to restore CAT and GPX activity and mRNA expression after exposure to high glucose concentrations. Markers of oxidative stress (serum malondialdehyde, fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and 8-isoprostanes prostaglandin F(2alpha)) were significantly reduced after treatment with irbesartan. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and young adults with early signs of diabetic angiopathy have defective intracellular antioxidant enzyme production and activity. Treatment with irbesartan can substantially improve the activity and production of these enzymes in skin fibroblasts.
-
6.
Vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure: role of xanthine-oxidase and extracellular superoxide dismutase.
Landmesser, U, Spiekermann, S, Dikalov, S, Tatge, H, Wilke, R, Kohler, C, Harrison, DG, Hornig, B, Drexler, H
Circulation. 2002;(24):3073-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired flow-dependent, endothelium-mediated vasodilation (FDD) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) results, at least in part, from accelerated degradation of nitric oxide by oxygen radicals. The mechanisms leading to increased vascular radical formation, however, remain unclear. Therefore, we determined endothelium-bound activities of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD), a major vascular antioxidant enzyme, and xanthine-oxidase, a potent radical producing enzyme, and their relation to FDD in patients with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS ecSOD and xanthine-oxidase activities, released from endothelium into plasma by heparin bolus injection, were determined in 14 patients with CHF and 10 control subjects. FDD of the radial artery was measured using high-resolution ultrasound and was assessed before and after administration of the antioxidant vitamin C (25 mg/min; IA). In patients with CHF, endothelium-bound ecSOD activity was substantially reduced (5.0+/-0.7 versus 14.4+/-2.6 U x mL(-1) x min(-1); P<0.01) and closely related to FDD (r=0.61). Endothelium-bound xanthine-oxidase activity was increased by >200% (38+/-10 versus 12+/-4 nmol O2*- x microL(-1); P<0.05) and inversely related to FDD (r=-0.35) in patients with CHF. In patients with low ecSOD and high xanthine-oxidase activity, a greater benefit of vitamin C on FDD was observed, ie, the portion of FDD inhibited by radicals correlated negatively with ecSOD (r=-0.71) but positively with xanthine-oxidase (r=0.75). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that both increased xanthine-oxidase and reduced ecSOD activity are closely associated with increased vascular oxidative stress in patients with CHF. This loss of vascular oxidative balance likely represents a novel mechanism contributing to endothelial dysfunction in CHF.
-
7.
Oxidant stress in pre-eclampsia and essential hypertension.
Kumar, CA, Das, UN
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2002;:1372-5
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell dysfunction may play a role in the pathobiology of pre-eclampsia and human essential hypertension. Vasodilators and platelet anti-aggregators such as prostacyclin and nitric oxide are produced by endothelial cells. The half-life of prostacyclin and nitric oxide are reduced by superoxide anion, whereas superoxide dismutase antagonizes its action. OBJECTIVES To estimate the plasma concentrations of nitric oxide and lipid peroxides and those of catalase and superoxide dismutase in patients with pre-eclampsia and essential hypertension. METHODS Patients of essential hypertension and pre-eclampsia were selected for the study. Nitric oxide and lipid peroxides were estimated in the plasma and anti-oxidants catalase and superoxide dismutase were estimated in the RBC membranes. RESULTS The ratio between lipid peroxides and nitric oxide was elevated and the activity of superoxide dismutase reduced in patients with pre-eclampsia and uncontrolled essential hypertension. CONCLUSION These results suggest that oxidants and anti-oxidants are altered in human essential hypertension and pre-eclampsia.
-
8.
Platelet antioxidant enzymes in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Seghieri, G, Di Simplicio, P, Anichini, R, Alviggi, L, De Bellis, A, Bennardini, F, Franconi, F
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2001;(1):19-23
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of the peroxidase scavenging system represented by the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood cells of diabetic patients has, in the past, given equivocal results. Likewise, the role of these intracellular enzymatic scavengers against the oxidative stress of diabetes-associated microangiopathic complications is unknown. METHODS Choosing platelets as cell model (as commonly done in previous studies), the aim of this study was to relate the platelet content of SOD, catalase and GSH-Px to the presence of diabetes, as well as to the presence of nephropathy and retinopathy in 35 insulin-dependent diabetic patients, as compared to 10 age-matched control subjects. RESULTS The enzymatic activities were not changed in diabetic patients in comparison with healthy controls. After stratifying patients according to presence of nephropathy (24-h urinary albumin excretion rate persistently > or =20 microg min(-1)) or retinopathy, the group of albuminuric patients was characterized by a significant decrease in SOD activity as compared to those in the normoalbuminuric range (4.36+/-1.06 vs. 6.81+/-2.26 mU 10(-9) platelets; p=0.01). Catalase and GSH-Px did not change. No modification in platelet enzyme activities has been found in diabetic subjects with retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that diabetic nephropathy, at least in its early stage, may be related to an altered redox state of platelets, as tested by the reduction in SOD activity, thus, indicating that the renal damage in these patients may be associated to a selective increase in platelet susceptibility to variation in the redox state.
-
9.
Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity and magnesium level in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Kurys, E, Kurys, P, Kuźniar, A, Kieszko, R
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio D: Medicina. 2001;:261-6
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the relationship of hypomagnesemia and oxidative stress in pulmonary diseases. It seems to be clinically relevant to assess prooxidant/antioxidant balance and its correlation with magnesium level in COPD. In this study, there were investigated the antioxidant enzymes activity and magnesium plasma level in a group of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in the control group. The study group consisted of 41 patients admitted to hospital for ambulatory medical treatment in pulmonary department of the Medical University of Lublin. The control group was made up of 20 patients who were admitted for control examinations. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were assessed in red blood cells using kinetics methods. Significantly decreased activity of CAT in COPD, insignificantly decreased activity of GPX and insignificantly increased activity of SOD were detected. Patients with COPD also showed the lowered plasma magnesium level. The conclusion is that COPD is accompanied by a lowered magnesium level and an alteration in antioxidant status due to possible oxidative stress in this disease.
-
10.
The effect of dietary treatment on erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and serum lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Sekeroğlu, MR, Sahin, H, Dülger, H, Algün, E
Clinical biochemistry. 2000;(8):669-74
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary treatment on serum and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme activity of patients with Type 2 diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 30 patients with newly diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes were enrolled to the study. A total of 30 healthy subjects served as controls. Diabetic patients were given standard dietary treatment that was composed of 50% to 55% carbohydrate and 30% fat for 2 months. No diet was applied for controls. For both groups serum and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were obtained at first and at the end of 2 months. RESULTS Diabetic patients had higher serum and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation than those of controls before dietary treatment(p < 0.05). However, there was no absolute differences in erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px (p > 0.05). At the end of 2 months of dietary treatment, while diabetics had still higher glucose and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation than controls (p < 0.05), serum lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte SOD, and GSH-Px levels did not differ significantly from those of controls (p > 0.05). In diabetic patients, after 2 months of dietary treatment, whereas serum and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation decreased, erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities showed significant increase (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed significant alteration in serum and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme status of patients with Type 2 diabetes by dietary treatment. However, whether such alterations have clinical importance for diabetic patients needs further investigation.