1.
Effect of high dose thiamine on the levels of urinary protein biomarkers in diabetes mellitus type 2.
Riaz, S, Skinner, V, Srai, SK
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2011;(4):817-25
Abstract
The proteomics is known to be a valuable field of study and has become one of the most attractive sub-disciplines in clinical proteomics for human diseases. In the present research work, the levels of urinary protein biomarkers of diabetes mellitus type 2 using proteomic technology have been identified and characterized. Effect of high dose thiamine has also been observed on the levels of these marker proteins. Above 100 type 2 diabetic patients, and 50 same age and sex-matched normal healthy controls were recruited from the Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan and 40 diabetic and 20 control have completed the trial. The urine samples from control and diabetic groups before or after thiamine therapy were further analyzed and identified by 2-D liquid chromatographic system (HPLC) and mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF/TOF and microTOF analysis. All the samples belonging to the control and diabetic groups were then analyzed by ELISA and estimated the levels of some proteins which were found to vary. In the urine samples, the levels of transthyretin, AMBP, haptoglobin precursor were found to decrease while albumin, zinc α 2 glycoprotein, RBP4 and E cadherin were found to increase in the diabetic patients as compared to the controls. The level of albumin in the urine samples of diabetic patients only decreased by 34% after thiamine therapy as compared to the controls and the placebo, while other urinary protein markers did not show a significant change after the therapy. Assessment of the levels of these biomarkers will be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.
2.
Influence of spironolactone therapy on thiamine blood levels in patients with heart failure.
Rocha, RM, Silva, GV, de Albuquerque, DC, Tura, BR, Albanesi Filho, FM
Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2008;(5):324-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonpharmacological management of heart failure (HF) has been understudied. The importance of micronutrients such as thiamine has long been known since its deficiency is associated with the development of high-output HF. OBJECTIVE We studied the relationship between adding to ACE inhibition further aldosterone suppression with spironolactone and thiamine blood levels (pmol/ml). METHODS A total of 22 patients (pts) with HF (NYHA III/IV) were divided in two groups [group I-spironolactone 25mg/qd (n=11) and group II - no spironolactone (n=11)]. Thiamine levels were determined using the erythrocyte transketolase activity. The groups were compared regarding food intake, demographics, furosemide doses and thiamine blood levels using Mann-Whitney and student's T-test. The proportions were analyzed with Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to associate thiamine with demographics and furosemide doses as dependent variables. RESULTS Group I and II were similar regarding food intake, daily furosemide doses (110.9+/-30.2 and 105.5+/-26.9 mg, respectively; p>0.05), demographics (etiology, age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol abuse, dyslipidemia and adjuvant drug HF treatment). Pts in group I showed significantly higher thiamine levels when compared to pts in group II (277.2+/-89.8 and 154.7+/-35.7, respectively) (p<0.001). None of the dependent variables cited above were associated with thiamine. CONCLUSION In a cohort of ambulatory HF patients on high dose of loop diuretics, the use of spironolactone is associated with higher thiamine blood levels. The significance of this finding remains to be established by future studies with prospective design and larger sample sizes.
3.
Thiamine (vitamin B1) improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the presence of hyperglycemia.
Arora, S, Lidor, A, Abularrage, CJ, Weiswasser, JM, Nylen, E, Kellicut, D, Sidawy, AN
Annals of vascular surgery. 2006;(5):653-8
Abstract
Brachial artery vasoactivity (BAVA) is a reliable, noninvasive method of assessing endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) in vivo. Acute hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes mellitus impair EDV, a precursor to atherosclerosis. Thiamine is a coenzyme important in intracellular glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thiamine on BAVA in the presence of hyperglycemia. Ten healthy subjects (group H, mean age 27 years), 10 patients with impaired glucose tolerance by World Health Organization criteria (group IGT, mean age 65 years), and 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (group NIDDM, mean age 50 years) were studied. Duplex ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery flow changes in response to reactive hyperemia following brachial artery tourniquet occlusion for 5 min. This test was performed after a 10 hr fast and at 30, 60, and 120 min after a 75 g oral glucose challenge along with measurements of blood glucose level (BGL). A week later, BAVA evaluation was repeated after administration of 100 mg of intravenous thiamine. BAVA (% increased blood flow) at peak and trough BGL was compared with and without thiamine. BAVA at peak glucose improved from 69.0 +/- 6.4% to 152.8 +/- 22.9% in group H (p < 0.005), from 57.6 +/- 12.6% to 139.7 +/- 12.4% in group IGT (p < 0.005), and from 57.8 +/- 8.3% to 167.8 +/- 11.6% in group NIDDM (p < 0.005) following administration of thiamine. On the other hand, at trough glucose levels, BAVA remained essentially unchanged in group H (prethiamine 83.8 +/- 6.5% vs. post-thiamine 83.8 +/- 17.0%, p > 0.05) as well as group IGT (prethiamine 96.7 +/- 8.5% vs. post-thiamine 104.0 +/- 17.4%, p > 0.05). BAVA at trough glucose was not measured in group NIDDM secondary to trough BGL > 140 mg/dL. EDV was improved by thiamine in the presence of hyperglycemia in healthy subjects and in patients with IGT and NIDDM. The mechanism by which thiamine improves EDV is not due to a glucose-lowering effect as thiamine had no effect on EDV under normoglycemic conditions. Routine administration of thiamine might improve endothelial function and therefore slow the development and progression of atherosclerosis, especially in patients with IGT and NIDDM who are prone to develop accelerated atherosclerosis.
4.
[The effect of cocarboxylase treatment on erythrocyte transketolase and blood thiamine in patients with end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis].
Pietrzak, I, Czarnecki, R, Baczyk, K, Młynarczyk, M, Kaczmarek, M
Przeglad lekarski. 2000;(7-8):369-73
Abstract
The depressed ETKA in ESRD patients is supposed to be caused and/or aggravated by several factors among which the diminished content of thiamine in blood and/or disturbances of thiamine utilization seem to play the major role. This role stems from the fact that thiamine acts as the cofactor of transketolase. In order to check the therapeutic significance of this relationship we introduced the thiamine pyrophosphoric acid ester chloride (Cocarboxylasum-CC) administration in 25 patients (mHD + CC). Immediately after each HD performance CC was given i.v. during 12 weeks in a doses of 5 mg/kg b.w., 3 times a week. The blood for ETKA value, free and total thiamine in plasma and erythrocytes, as well as, the total protein and albumins/globulins index investigation was drawn before, after 6 and 12 weeks of CC administration, and 3 months after cessation of this therapy. In 10 patients, on maintenance HD nontreated by CC (mHD), the blood was drawn at the same time intervals. Normal values we obtained from 15 healthy volunteers. For ETKA evaluation photocolorimetric method was used, thiamine content in blood was estimated by fluorimetric method. At the beginning of the study the mean value of ETKA, in two examined groups, was found statistically decreased (p < 0.01) when compared with normals. Mean values of thiamine in plasma and erythrocytes were lower but did not differ significantly from those in normals. After 6 weeks of CC administration ETKA value increased, but only after 12 weeks it increased significantly (p < 0.01), reaching normal value. On the other hand, striking increase in plasma thiamine and erythrocyte thiamine levels was observed after 6 weeks of CC administration already (p < 0.01). Three months after cessation of CC administration significant decrease in ETKA value and thiamine level in blood was observed (p < 0.01). ETKA returned to lower value than in normals even in the presence of still high thiamine levels in blood. In mHD patients nontreated by CC the ETKA value and thiamine levels in blood did not change significantly during all periods of study. The nutritional status assessed by total protein and albumins/globulins index did not change in both groups through the study. We conclude, the administration of high doses of CC to ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis HD was successful in terms of increasing ETKA value and thiamine levels in blood without any side effects. Thus, supplementation with large doses of CC deserves further study because it promises to be another adjunct in the treatment of potential thiamine deficiency and metabolic disturbances in the course of dialysotherapy.