1.
Cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes and end-stage renal disease candidates for kidney-pancreas transplantation: Trends from 1999 to 2017.
Ruiz, S, Amor, AJ, Pané, A, Molina-Andujar, A, Montagud-Marrahi, E, Ventura-Aguiar, P, Ferrer-Fàbrega, J, Esmatjes, E
Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2020;:108135
Abstract
AIMS: To evaluate the changes in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were candidates for kidney-pancreas transplantation (KPTx) from 1999 to 2017. METHODS Patients with T1D referred for KPTx evaluation were included. The cohort was divided into five groups according to the year of evaluation (1999-2002, 2003-2006, 2007-2010, 2011-2014 and 2015-2017). The control of CVRFs and the prevalence of prior CVD were evaluated. RESULTS We evaluated 360 patients (64.4% men, age 38.9 ± 7.1 years). LDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dl increased from 22.7% to 76.9% (1999-2002 vs. 2015-2017; p < 0.001), as did the use of statins (from 24.7% to 74.5%; p < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure decreased from 138.8 ± 27.6 to 125.1 ± 27.9 mmHg (p = 0.001) and current smokers from 48% to 25% (p = 0.018). Intensive insulin treatment increased from 34.4% to 93.6% (p < 0.001). Diabetes duration before the initiation of renal replacement therapy increased from 23 ± 5.5 to 26.9 ± 8.9 years (p = 0.001). Overall, 30.3% had previous CVD, without significant changes over time (p = 0.699), albeit patients were older and had longer diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS Patients with T1D and ESRD referred for KPTx have better control of CVRFs over time, which might lead to a decrease in cardiovascular events.
2.
Contemporary management of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Mehta, SN, Wolfsdorf, JI
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2010;(3):573-93
Abstract
The current standard of care for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) employs a system of intensive diabetes management aimed at near-normal glycemia, which reduces the risk of micro- and macrovascular complications. Optimal management is an ongoing process based on a patient-centered collaboration with a primary care clinician and a multidisciplinary diabetes team that provides diabetes management, including education and psychosocial support. Intensive diabetes therapy attempts to mimic physiologic insulin replacement. Over the past 15 years, there has been widespread use of multiple-dose insulin regimens using a variety of insulin analogs, administered either by injection or insulin pump therapy, together with medical nutrition therapy, frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose and, more recently, continuous logo glucose monitoring. It is now possible to achieve previously unattainable levels of glycemic control with less risk of severe hypoglycemia, and yet only a minority of patients achieves target hemoglobin A1c values. This review discusses contemporary management of T1D with a focus on health outcomes.
3.
[Pancreatic transplant].
Montiel, MC, Pardo, F, Rotellar, F, Valentí, V, Pastor, C, Alvarez Cienfuegos, J
Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra. 2006;:113-24
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a health concern of the first order, given the high level of associated morbidity and mortality. The objective, in order to slow down the advance of its complications before they become irreversible, is based on correct metabolic control. The high rate of morbidity associated with the surgery of the vascularized pancreas transplant and the high index of rejection have for three decades formed an obstacle to this being considered a valid alternative in the treatment of these patients. Nowadays the pancreas transplant has come to occupy a key position, thanks to the new regimes of immunosuppression and to the perfection of surgical techniques. In this article we review the evolution of the pancreas transplant from its beginnings to its present state.