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Experimentally Manipulated Low Social Status and Food Insecurity Alter Eating Behavior Among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Cardel, MI, Pavela, G, Janicke, D, Huo, T, Miller, D, Lee, AM, Gurka, MJ, Dhurandhar, E, Peters, JC, Caldwell, AE, et al
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2020;(11):2010-2019
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized trial experimentally manipulated social status to assess effects on acute eating behavior and 24-hour energy balance. METHODS Participants (n = 133 Hispanics; age 15-21 years; 60.2% females) were randomized to low social status ("LOW") or high social status ("HIGH") conditions in a rigged game of Monopoly (Hasbro, Inc.). Acute energy intake in a lunchtime meal was measured by food scales. Twenty-four-hour energy balance was assessed via summation of resting metabolic rate (metabolic cart), physical activity energy expenditure (accelerometer), thermic effect of food, and subtraction of twenty-four-hour energy intake (food diary). RESULTS In the total sample, no significant differences were observed by study condition at lunchtime. LOW females consumed a greater percent of lunchtime daily energy needs (37.5%) relative to HIGH females (34.3%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). In males, however, LOW consumed significantly less (36.5%) of their daily energy needs relative to HIGH males (45.8%; P = 0.001). For 24-hour energy balance, sex differences were nearly significant (P = 0.057; LOW females: surplus +200 kcal; HIGH males: surplus +445 kcal). Food-insecure individuals consumed a nearly significant greater lunchtime percent daily energy than those with food security (40.7% vs. 36.3%; P = 0.0797). CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate differential acute and 24-hour eating behavior responses between Hispanic male and female adolescents in experimentally manipulated conditions of low social status.
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SuperQuads: a day in the life; research reviews: color-number association, finger-length ratios, twinning diets, athletic pairs.
Segal, NL
Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies. 2006;(4):609-14
Abstract
The nature and frequency of quadruplet births are reviewed, followed by a close-up look at the 6-year-old monozygotic Mathias quadruplets. This essay is followed by reviews of new twin research on color-number association, male-female twins' finger-length ratios, and links between twinning and dietary practices. The article finishes by focusing on unusual twin athletes in football, basketball and golf, and on twin co-authors of a new book on the 1972 silver medal victory by the United States hockey team.